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Information On Malaria And Lichens
THE NOTES ARE RELATED TO BIOLOGY -MALARIA AND LICHENS.THE NOTES INCLUDE ALL BASIC DEFINITIONS , PHOTOGRAPHS,BASIC POINTS.HENCE,THE NOTES ARE COMPLETELY VALUABLE AND GOOD TO GO FOR AN END TIME STUDY/REVISION OR EXAM PREPARATION
£1.50 Preview RemoveHormones and homeostasis GCSE level
What homeostasis is and its mechanism. Negative feedback, positive feedback, endocrine system, hormones, mode of action of hormones, the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, regulation of blood glucose level, insulin, glucagon, diabetes. Images included
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Class notes throughout A-Level Biology with exam board AQA in 2018-2020. Includes practical elements too: Reducing sugars test, emulsion test etc
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Detailed first year (AS) biology notes to aid key revision of topics and enhance knowledge.
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Summary about how an action potential is generated. A2 level biology.
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Includes the key points and techniques you need to remember for each PAG.
£3.75 Preview RemoveMicrobiology Chapter 9
Grand Valley State University, BMS 212 class notes. These notes follow the book: Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy, 4th Edition Author - Robert W. Bauman Ph.D.
£2.25 Preview RemoveMaternal Anatomy and Physiology
Describes in detail maternal anatomy and physiology based on William's Obstetrics
£6.25 Preview RemoveRespiration and Circulation
Respiration (Cellular, Physical, Internal, External), Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Epiglottis, Larynx, Vocal Cords, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchial Tubes, Alveoli, Pleural Membrane, Lungs, Diaphragm, Intercostal Muscles and External Intercostal Muscles, Abdominal Muscles, Cilia Chronic Bronchitis, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, Emphysema, Pneumonia, Pleural Pneumonia, Lung Cancer Inspiration, Expiration, Tidal Air, Complemental Air, Reserve Air, Hemoglobin, Oxyhemoglobin, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Blood functions, Plasma, Erythrocytes, Anemia, Alubumi, Fibrinogen, Globulins, White Corpuscles, Leukemia, Platelets, Clotting, Thromboplastin, Plasmin, Hemophilia, Anticoagulant, Embolism, ABO blood groups, Rh Factors All walls, chambers and functions of the heart How to read electrocardiograms Different blood pressures and heart beat contractions Functions of the immune system B Cells and T Cells HIV/AIDS
£1.50 Preview RemoveNatural selection and adaptation / evolution lectures
1st year students, the University of Edinburgh, course: Origin and Diversity of Life, all you need for the final exams!
£3.75 Preview RemoveAQA AS BIOLOGY CELL-SURFACE MEMBRANE
Detailed first year (AS) biology notes to aid key revision of topics and enhance knowledge.
£2.00 Preview RemoveBIO1011 WEEK 6 QUIZ SOUTH UNIVERSITY. Graded A
Grading Summary Grade Details - All Questions 1. Question : Muscle fibers differ from "typical cells" in that muscle fibers Student Answer: lack a plasma membrane. lack mitochondria. are ver y small. have many nuclei. both B and C Points Received: 1 of 1 Comments: 2. Question : Which of the following best describes the term sarcoplasmic reticulum? Student Answer: thin filaments are anchored here protein that accounts for elasticity of resting muscle repeating unit of striated myofibrils storage and release site for calcium ions largely made of myosin molecules Points Received: 1 of 1 Comments: 3. Question : Which of the following best describes the term muscle origin? Student Answer: connective tissue that surrounds an entire muscle connective tissue that surrounds a single muscle fiber broad tendon sheet tendon attachment that moves tendon attachment that doesn't move Points Received: 1 of 1 Comments: 4. Question : The increase in muscle tension that is produced by increasing the number of active motor units is called Student Answer: complete tetanus. treppe. incomplete tetanus. recruitment. wave summation. 5. Question : The plasma membrane of skeletal muscle is called the Student Answer: sarcoplasm. sarcomere. sarcolemma. sarcoplasmic reticulum. sarcosome. 6. Question : Since each myofibril is attached at either end of the muscle fiber, when sarcomeres shorten, the muscle fiber Student Answer: strengthens. shortens. weakens. lengthens. not enough information to say 7. Question : At rest, the tropomyosin molecule is held in place by Student Answer: myosin molecules. calcium ions. troponin molecules. ATP molecules. actin molecules. 8. Question : Triggering of the muscle action potential occurs after Student Answer: the nerve action potential jumps across the neuromuscular junction. acetylcholine binds to chemically gated channels in the end plate membrane. acetylcholinesterase binds to receptors on the end plate. calcium ion binds to channels on the end plate. Any of the above can produce an action potential in the muscle cell. 9. Question : Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding human muscles? Student Answer: Most have both slow and fast fibers. Eye muscles are composed entirely of fast fibers. Slow fibers are abundant in the calf muscles. Slow fibers are abundant in the back muscles. All of the above. 10. Question : Fast fibers Student Answer: have low resistance to fatigue. have many mitochondria. rely on aerobic metabolism. have twitches with a very brief contraction phase. both A and D 11. Question : Which of the following best describes the term Z line? Student Answer: largely made of myosin molecules protein that accounts for elasticity of resting muscle repeating unit of striated myofibrils storage site for calcium ions thin filaments are anchored here 12. Question : Which of the following is greater? Student Answer: the concentration of calcium ion in the sarcoplasm of a resting muscle the concentration of calcium ion in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of a resting muscle 13. Question : Which of the following motor units would produce the greatest tension? Student Answer: a motor unit in a back muscle a motor unit in an eye muscle a motor unit in a hand muscle 14. Question : Synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters are released by when the action potential arrives. Student Answer: sodium apoptosis endocytosis exocytosis hydrolysis 15. Question : During activities requiring aerobic endurance Student Answer: glycogen and glycolysis are the primary sources of reserve energy. oxygen debts are common. oxygen is not required. fatigue occurs in a few minutes. most of the muscle's energy is produced in mitochondria. 16. Question : Figure 10-1 Skeletal Muscle Fiber Use Figure 10-1 to answer the following questions: What is released from the structure labeled "9"? Student Answer: sarcoplasm calcium ions acetylcholine acetylcholinesterase protein Points Received: 1 of 1 Comments: 17. Question : Receptors for acetylcholine are located on the Student Answer: transverse tubule. motor end plate. sarcomere. synaptic cleft. synaptic knob. 18. Question : Which of the following is not characteristic of smooth muscle? Student Answer: Smooth muscles are uninucleate. Smooth muscle connective tissue forms tendons and aponeuroses. The thin filaments of smooth muscle fibers are attached to dense bodies. Smooth muscles do not contain sarcomeres. Neurons that innervate smooth muscles are under involuntary control. 19. Question : Figure 10-1 Skeletal Muscle Fiber Use Figure 10-1 to answer the following questions: Which structure actively pumps calcium ions out of the sarcoplasm to produce relaxation? Student Answer: 7 2 3 6 1 20. Question : Decreased blood flow to a muscle could result in all of the following, except Student Answer: an increase in intracellular glycogen. an oxygen debt. muscle fatigue. a shift to anaerobic glycolysis. an increase in intracellular lactate. 21. Question : After heavy exercise, if energy reserves in a muscle are depleted, _ occurs. Student Answer: an oxygen debt treppe paralysis atrophy tetanus 22. Question : When a muscle is stimulated repeatedly at a high rate, the amount of tension gradually increases to a steady maximum tension. This is called Student Answer: wave summation. a twitch. incomplete tetanus. recruitment. complete tetanus. 23. Question : Each thin filament consists of Student Answer: six molecules coiled into a helical structure. a rod-shaped structure with "heads" projecting from each end. chains of myosin molecules. two protein strands coiled helically around each other. a double strand of myosin molecules. 24. Question : Figure 10-1 Skeletal Muscle Fiber Use Figure 10-1 to answer the following questions: Where would calcium ion be predominately found? Student Answer: 1 2 4 8 9 25. Question : A thin filament is constructed from actin, tropomyosin, troponin, and nebulin. Student Answer: True False 26. Question : When comparing slow motor units to fast motor units, slow units Student Answer: generate much less tension. have much smaller fiber diameters. take about three times as long to reach peak tension. are rich in the red protein myoglobin. all of the above 27. Question : In which of the following would the motor units have the fewest muscle fibers? Student Answer: postural muscles of the back thigh muscles muscles of the neck muscles that control the eyes calf muscles 28. Question : Physical evidence that supports the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction includes Student Answer: decreased width of the H band during contraction. the I band + H band distance is constant during contraction. decreased width of the A band during contraction. constant distance between Z lines during contraction. increased width of the I band during contraction. 29. Question : Figure 10-2 Muscle Contractions Use Figure 10-2 to answer the following questions: What is the contraction in graph (d) called? Student Answer: incomplete tetanus wave summation treppe twitch complete tetanus 30. Question : During the Cori cycle, in the liver Student Answer: lactic acid is shuffled to muscle cells. glucose is produced from lactic acid. glucose is released from glycogen. lactic acid is produced from glucose. lactic acid is produced from pyruvic acid. 31. Question : The following is a list of the events that occur during a muscle contraction. 1. Myosin cross-bridges bind to the actin. 2. The free myosin head splits ATP. 3. Calcium ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 4. The myosin head pivots toward the center of the sarcomere. 5. Calcium ion binds to troponin. 6. The myosin head binds an ATP molecule and detaches from the actin. The correct sequence of these events is Student Answer: 3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2. 3, 5, 1, 2, 4, 6. 1, 3, 5, 4, 6, 2. 5, 1, 4, 6, 2, 3. 1, 4, 6, 2, 3, 5. 32. Question : Figure 10-1 Skeletal Muscle Fiber Use Figure 10-1 to answer the following questions: What physiological process occurs in the structure labeled "7"? Student Answer: activity of acetylcholinesterase release of protein into the muscle fiber the sliding filament theory release of neurotransmitter conduction of the action potential into the cell interior 33. Question : During the recovery period following exercise, all of the following are true, except Student Answer: lactic acid is removed from muscle cells. muscle fibers are unable to contract. heat is generated. oxygen is consumed at above the resting rate. the muscle actively produces ATP. 34. Question : Which of the following hormones directly stimulates growth of muscle tissue, leading to increased muscle mass? Student Answer: parathyroid hormone calcitonin testosterone thyroid hormone epinephrine Points Received: 1 of 1 Comments: 35. Question : The narrow space between the synaptic terminal and the muscle fiber is the Student Answer: motor end plate. synaptic cleft. M line. motor unit. synaptic knob. 36. Question : Aerobic metabolism normally provides percent of the ATP demands of a resting muscle cell. Student Answer: 25 95 50 100 70 37. Question : The thin filaments of striated muscle are made of which protein(s)? Student Answer: troponin tropomyosin actin nebulin all of the above 38. Question : After death, muscle fibers run out of ATP and calcium begins to leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm. This results in a condition known as Student Answer: oxygen debt. depolarization. rigor mortis. treppe. tetany. 39. Question : During anaerobic glycolysis Student Answer: ATP is produced. oxygen is not consumed. pyruvic acid is produced. all of the above B and C only 40. Question : Active sites on the actin become available for binding after Student Answer: troponin binds to tropomyosin. calcium binds to tropomyosin. myosin binds to troponin. actin binds to troponin. calcium binds to troponin. 41. Question : The delicate connective tissue that surrounds the skeletal muscle fibers and ties adjacent muscle fibers together is the Student Answer: epimysium. periosteum. superficial fascia. endomysium. perimysium. 42. Question : At rest, active sites on the actin are blocked by Student Answer: ATP molecules. tropomyosin molecules. troponin molecules. calcium ions. myosin molecules. 43. Question : Figure 10-2 Muscle Contractions Use Figure 10-2 to answer the following questions: To produce a contraction similar to the one in graph (b), the muscle Student Answer: is excited by a stimulus of increasing intensity. must be stimulated again before it has relaxed from the previous stimulation. is caused to produce isolated twitches. must be stimulated to the point of fatigue. gradually warms up. 44. Question : When calcium ion binds to troponin, Student Answer: myosin shortens. tropomyosin moves into the groove between the helical actin strands. active sites on the myosin are exposed. muscle relaxation occurs. actin heads will bind to myosin. 45. Question : The type of muscle fiber that is most resistant to fatigue is the fiber. Student Answer: slow intermediate anaerobic fast high-density 46. Question : Skeletal muscle fibers are formed from embryonic cells called Student Answer: myofibrils. sarcomeres. myomeres. fascicles. myoblasts. 47. Question : Which of the following best describes the term sarcomere? Student Answer: thin filaments are anchored here storage site for calcium ions protein that accounts for elasticity of resting muscle largely made of myosin molecules repeating unit of striated myofibrils 48. Question : A resting muscle generates most of its ATP by Student Answer: the tricarboxylic acid cycle. anaerobic respiration. glycogenolysis. hydrolysis of creatine phosphate. aerobic metabolism of fatty acids. 49. Question : Figure 10-1 Skeletal Muscle Fiber Use Figure 10-1 to answer the following questions: Where are the myosin molecules located? Student Answer: 4 5 6 7 8 50. Question : At peak levels of muscle exertion the mitochondria can supply Student Answer: only about one-third of the energy required by the muscle. all of the energy required by the muscle. 80 percent of the energy required by the muscle. only about 10 percent of the energy required by the muscle. more than half of the energy required by the muscle. 51. Question : Figure 10-1 Skeletal Muscle Fiber Use Figure 10-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "1." Student Answer: myofibril synaptic vesicle glycogen ATP mitochondria 52. Question : Which of the following statements is false? Student Answer: Cardiac muscle stimulation is neural. Cardiocytes are interconnected through intercalated discs. Skeletal muscle stimulation is neural. Skeletal muscle contractions may be summated. Cardiac muscle contractions cannot be summated. 53. Question : The cytoplasm of the neuromuscular terminal contains vesicles filled with molecules of the neurotransmitter Student Answer: norepinephrine. epinephrine. acetylcholine. antidiuretic hormone. all of the above Points Received: 1 of 1 Comments: 54. Question : The dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds an entire skeletal muscle is the Student Answer: endomysium. tendon. epimysium. perimysium. fascicle. 55. Question : Compared to a "typical" body cell, skeletal muscle cells are Student Answer: filled with crystalline 3-D arrays of fibrous proteins. larger than normal cells. multinucleate. capable of rapid shortening against a load. all of the above 56. Question : The type of contraction in which the muscle fibers do not shorten is called Student Answer: isometric. isotonic. concentric. treppe. tetany. 57. Question : Figure 10-1 Skeletal Muscle Fiber Use Figure 10-1 to answer the following questions: Which of the following are found in the structure labeled "3"? Student Answer: tropomyosin myosin titin actin all of the above 58. Question : During the recovery period the body's need for oxygen is increased because Student Answer: muscle cells are producing energy anaerobically. the individual is panting. the liver requires more oxygen to produce lactic acid. additional oxygen is required to restore energy reserves consumed during exercise. the muscles are not producing ATP. 59. Question : Which of the following best describes the term titin? Student Answer: storage site for calcium ions largely made of myosin molecules protein that accounts for elasticity of resting muscle repeating unit of striated myofibrils thin filaments are anchored here 60. Question : Which of these would lead to increased oxygen consumption? Student Answer: increased aerobic respiration by muscle cells increased conversion of lactic acid to glucose increased muscle activity increased heat production all of the above * Times are displayed in (GMT-07:00) Mountain Time (US & Canada)
£7.50 Preview RemoveCells, Bacteria and Viruses
Notes for beginner, entry level biology students Notes on Cells, Bacteria & Viruses
£12.50 Preview RemoveCHITIN AND CHITINASE A General Introduction and Importance in Research
Chitinases have wide-ranging applications including the preparation of pharmaceutically important chitooligosaccharides and N-acetyl D glucosamine, preparation of single-cell protein, isolation of protoplasts from fungi and yeast, control of pathogenic fungi, treatment of chitinous waste, mosquito control and morphogenesis, etc. This document includes the following sub-headings: 1. Definition: Chitinase and Chitin 2. Structure and function of chitin 3. Classification of Chitinase 4. Role of Chitinases in Various Organisms (bacteria, fungi, insects, plants and vertebrates) 5. APPLICATIONS OF CHITINASES 6. FUTURE PROSPECTIVE OF CHITINASE
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Neuroscience notes including brain anatomy and neurobiology. Suitable for 1st to 2nd year neuroscience students/life sciences students undertaking neuroscience related courses/modules
£6.25 Preview RemoveBiology branches and invertebrates
This note include biology branches and their detail study. This note conclude invertebrates phylum and their sub phylum and many more. This note is the best for biology student who want to learn biology from basic
£2.50 Preview RemovePrinciples of genetics 7th edition Chapter 1 - BIOL 2083 notes and Full length summary- Unit 1 Exam university of Cincinnati Fall 2020
Principles of genetics 7th edition Chapter 1 - BIOL 2083 notes and Full length summary- Unit 1 Exam university of Cincinnati Fall 2020
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These note help you to understand what parasitic and mutualistic is and how and what it is about
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Looking at the process of reproduction in plants to the level of Biology A-Level including pollination, fertilisation and germination.
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Grand Valley State University, BMS 212 class notes. These notes follow the book: Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy, 4th Edition Author - Robert W. Bauman Ph.D.
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These notes cover Transcription and translation. All are answered.
£12.50 Preview RemoveBehavioural Ecology
Bachelor level module: Condensed notes with key points, diagrams and case study examples for essays and exams Chapters include: - What is animal behaviour? - How to measure behaviour - Reproductive behaviour - Parental care - Group behaviour & stress - Stress & behavioural ecology - Foraging - Biological rhythms & sleep - Cognition & learning - Communication & senses
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This notes are well organized in a logical order so as to give you sequential understanding. With this notes, you will learn more concepts about the origin of life through various theories from different scientists such Lamarck and Darwin. GET IT NOW.
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These notes cover different transport processes in animal and plant cells, including diffusion, osmosis and active transport. These notes are mainly focused for Biology IGCSE 0610, although may help for other biology courses as well. Happy Learning!
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Covers the first 5 chapters of General Biology Unit 1 study guide notes.
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This contains a brief summary of topics discussed under Immunohematology & Blood Banking such as the different blood groups, blood donation, blood transfusion and the laboratory methods performed in the laboratory. The content of this reviewer is from the book of Denise Harmening titled Modern Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices. This reviewer can be used by students taking up medical technology, medicine and other related courses.
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notes with specification points & pictures clear, concise, detailed, simple - but quality Higher Grade 9 if you learn it
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These notes are from an algebra based Physics I course geared towards Biology majors. This powerpoint is a boiled down version of the material as it contains all the equations we were required to know how to use for the test.
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Notes on nucleic acids & the encoding of biological info
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Contains the Chapters Key Concepts, Vocab, and Summary.
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THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM STUDY GUIDE WITH WELL DETAILED NOTES.
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These are revision notes of the whole of Topic 9 Plant Biology for the new specification of IB HL Biology (exams from 2016 onwards). These were created through the use of a variety of resources, including the Oxford textbook, revision guide and class notes. I have just finished my IB exams and am predicted a 7 in HL Biology.
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BIO 2529 Écologie Introduction à l'étude des systèmes écologiques: la nature des expériences écologiques; les dynamiques de populations; l'exploitation des populations; les processus qui structurent les communautés dans le temps et l'espace; les flux d'énergie et d'éléments nutritifs dans les écosystèmes; la relation entre les structures et fonctions écologiques; les produits et services écologiques. Travaux pratiques sur le terrain et en laboratoire illustrant des processus écologiques importants, principes fondamentaux du design expérimental, l'analyses des données et de l'échantillonnage écologique. BIO 2509.
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Detailed first year (AS) biology notes to aid key revision of topics and enhance knowledge.
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A guide to the common terms used for the components of skin and its conditions.
£1.00 Preview RemoveBIO 2137 Presentation Life cycle of a Bellis Perennis Introduction to Plant Science
BIO 2137 Introduction to Plant Science Evolution of the diversity of plants, physiological and anatomical concepts; metabolism including photosynthesis; recent applications in ecology and biotechnology. BIO 2127.
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