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Matter
The note contains information about matter. The level is a 1st year beginner
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This note is given to help people to overcome their failure.
£1.50 Preview RemoveFunctional Equations
All basic notes that you need to answer an IMO questions related to Functional Equations.
£2.50 Preview Remove1. O Level Chemistry Metals Notes PDF 2.Reactivity Series Cheat Sheet for Students 3.Metal Reactions Summary for Exam Preparation 4.Download PowerPoint on Extraction of Metals 5.Comparison of Properties of Metals and Non-Metals 6.Rusting of Iron Expe
This PDF provides comprehensive notes on metals tailored for O Level Chemistry students. It begins by outlining the general physical properties of metals and contrasts them with non-metals, highlighting characteristics like conductivity, malleability, ductility, and ion formation. The document then details various metal reactions—specifically with acids, cold water, steam, and oxygen—along with balanced chemical equations and key observations such as fizzing, temperature change, and color or state changes. The concept of reactivity is clearly explained using the reactivity series, supported by tables and common mnemonics to aid memorization. Displacement reactions are discussed in depth, demonstrating how more reactive metals displace less reactive ones from salt solutions. The uses of common metals like aluminium and copper are linked directly to their properties, and the section on alloys explains their formation, advantages, and examples like brass and stainless steel. Rusting of iron is covered with experimental setups, observations, and methods of prevention using barrier methods and sacrificial protection. Galvanising is explained as both a physical barrier and an electrochemical defense using zinc. The final sections cover the extraction of metals, describing methods such as electrolysis and blast furnace reduction, with full chemical equations and process explanations. The extraction of aluminium from bauxite and iron from hematite are presented in detail with supporting diagrams and electrode reactions. Overall, the notes serve as a complete, exam-focused summary ideal for revision and concept reinforcement.
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