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MUMPS
Case Study of Mumps

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The most common symptom is painful swelling of the salivary glands, located
between the ear and jaw
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Symptoms usually appear about
16 to 18 days after exposure and resolve after 7 to 10 days
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About one third of people have mild or no symptoms
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Women may
develop ovarian swelling but this does not increase the risk of infertility
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Rubulavirus is within the genus
Paramyxovirus and is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae
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Of 2 glycoproteins on the
surface of the RNA viral envelope, one mediates neuraminidase and hemagglutination activity,
whereas the other is responsible for fusion to the lipid membrane of the host cell
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Chemical agents (ie, ether, formalin, chloroform), heat and ultraviolet light can inactivate this
virus
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Affected salivary glands show edema and lymphocytic
infiltration
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The mumps virus does share various epidemiologic characteristics with other
well-known viral pediatric diseases, such as measles (RNA virus, of the genus Morbillivirus, in
the Paramyxoviridae family) and rubella (RNA virus, of the genus Rubivirus, in the Togaviridae
family)
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Humans are the only known natural hosts
...
(See
Epidemiology
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II
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Viremic
dissemination then occurs to target tissues, such as the salivary glands (parotid glands) and
extrasalivary locations (CNS)
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A secondary phase of viremia that occurs before the immune response is due to the replication
of the virus at the target organs
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Therefore, impaired renal function
(glomerulonephritis) may occur
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Salivary
glands show edema and desquamation of necrotic epithelial cells lining the ducts
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III
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When signs and symptoms do develop, they usually appear about two to three weeks
after exposure to the virus and may include:


Swollen, painful salivary glands on one or both sides of your face (parotitis)



Fever



Headache



Muscle aches



Weakness and fatigue



Loss of appetite



Pain while chewing or swallowing

The primary — and best known — sign of mumps is swollen salivary glands that cause the
cheeks to puff out
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Causes
The infection of the parotid glands by the paramyxovirus, which spreads easily from person to
person through infected saliva, via airborne droplets expelled when coughing or sneezing
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Mumps Virus
Mumps virus is the causative agent of mumps, a well-known common childhood disease
characterised by swelling of the parotid glands, salivary glands and other epithelial tissues,
causing high morbidity and in some cases more serious complications such as deafness
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V
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Infants born to mothers
who have had mumps a week prior to delivery may have clinically apparent mumps at birth or
develop illness in the neonatal period
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Complications
Serious complications from mumps are rare
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It is possible for a vaccinated person to get mumps, but if this happens,
serious complications are less likely
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Orchitis is painful, but it rarely leads to sterility — the inability to father
a child
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

Ovaries and Breasts Inflammation
Females who've reached puberty may have inflammation in the ovaries (oophoritis) or
breasts (mastitis)
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

Brain Inflamation
A viral infection, such as mumps, can lead to inflammation of the brain (encephalitis)
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It occurs in
about 2 out of 100,000 infected children
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Can occur if the
mumps virus spreads through your bloodstream to infect your central nervous system
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This can include headache
and stiff neck, but most infected adults get well within 3 to 10 days
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In
young children, mumps can cause permanent deafness in about 1 out of 20,000 infected
children
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Up to 4 out of 10 adolescent and adult males infected with
mumps may have swelling of the testicles, which rarely results in decreased fertility
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

Transverse myelitis
It is an inflammation of the spinal cord, which often targets insulating material covering
nerve cell fibers (myelin)
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

Polyneuritis
A nontraumatic generalized disorder of peripheral nerves, affecting the distal fibers most
severely, with proximal shading (for example, the feet are affected sooner or more
severely than the hands), and typically symmetrically; most often affects motor and

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sensory fibers almost equally, but can involve either one, either solely or very
disproportionately


Guillain-Barré syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) causes progressive muscle weakness and paralysis (the
complete inability to use a particular muscle or muscle group), which develops over days
or up to four weeks, and lasts several weeks or even months
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Previous Patient of Mumps
Jamibell Ann L
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She experience mumps very young at the
age of 7 years old
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Then day passed she started not eating any of
ther food and complaining that something is hurting at the
right side of her face near the ear
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That is when they knew that she got
mumps
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Three
or four days past my mom notice that the right side of her face is also swollen
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She doesn’t go to school
because it’s contagious especially for childrens
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Then the mumps
fade away after 5 days
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Prognosis
The prognosis for patients with uncomplicated mumps is excellent
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Reported rates of mumps
encephalitis cite 5 cases per 1000 reported mumps cases
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4%
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Transient myelitis or polyneuritis is also uncommon
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[8] It occurs infrequently,
with an estimated frequency of 0
...
Permanent
deafness after mumps is rare and, if it occurs, primarily affects unilateral hearing (only 20%
bilateral)
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Minor
degrees of hearing loss are more likely to occur with higher incidence and are most likely
reversible
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The hyperglycemia that results is
usually transient, but a few cases of diabetes mellitus have occurred as a post complication
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At present, it is unclear if the mumps virus
is responsible
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A degree of testicular atrophy occurs in about 35% of cases of
mumps orchitis
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Impaired fertility occurs in 13% of patients
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Compromised fertility has not been shown
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These complications usually resolve within 2-3 weeks
without

sequelae
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The incidence of
myocarditis is 15%, but typically it is asymptomatic
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Mumps infection in pregnant women increases the risk of embryonic loss, spontaneous fetal
loss, and fetal death, especially during the first trimester of pregnancy (reported to be as high as
27%)
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Studies
relating maternal mumps infection to endocardial fibroelastosis in the fetus are inconclusive
...

Death due to mumps is rare; the majority of fatalities (>50 %) occur in patients older than 19
years
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Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine
The measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) is the best way to protect against getting
mumps, as well as measles and rubella
...

Experts have learned from recent outbreaks that despite having received the MMR vaccine,
people can still get infected with mumps
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It appears that people who get
mumps vaccine and later get mumps are less likely to have serious complications than
unvaccinated people
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Getting MMR vaccine is safer than
getting mumps
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A second dose is
recommended at age 4 through 6 years
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Treatment
There is no treatment for mumps itself, but age-appropriate painkillers, such as paracetamol or
ibuprofen may help relieve some of the symptoms
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Resting and drinking plenty of fluids may be advised, as well as having food such as soup that
doesn't need to be chewed
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GPs need to know about cases of mumps so
that public health authorities can help stop the infection spreading
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No antiviral agent is
indicated for viral illness, as mumps is a self-limited disease
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Refrain from acidic foods and liquids as they may cause
swallowing difficulty, as well as gastric irritation
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Topical application of warm or cold packs to the swollen parotid may soothe the area
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Bed rest, scrotal support, and ice
packs are recommended
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Prevention


Wash hands well and often with soap, and teach children to wash their hands, too
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

Surfaces that are frequently touched (toys, doorknobs, tables, counters, etc
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

Exclude the person with mumps from childcare, preschool, school and work for 5 days
after the onset of swelling
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

Mumps is best prevented by the Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) combination
vaccine or the Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella (MMRV) combination vaccine
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wikipedia
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cdc
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pdf
http://www
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com/health/mumps#Treatment3
http://www
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sa
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au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/health+t
opics/health+conditions+prevention+and+treatment/infectious+diseases/mumps
http://reference
...
com/article/966678-overview

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