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Female internal genital organs
Ovaries
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Almond shape and size female gonads where oocytes develop, also
endocrine glands which produce reproductive hormones
Each ovary is suspended by a peritoneal fold known as the mesovarium
Retroperitoneal – lateral walls of pelvis
The mesovarium forms part of the broad ligament
Ovarian surface is smooth in prepubertal females, but becomes scarred and
distorted over time following repeated rupture of mature follicles
o Less pronounced in females taking oral contraceptives that prevent
ovulation
Suspensory ligament of the ovary is a peritoneal fold through which the
ovarian vessels, lymphatics and nerves pass
o Becomes continuous with the broad ligament
A short ligament of ovary tethers the ovary to the uterus
Ovaries located laterally between uterus and lateral pelvic wall
Ovary suspended in uterine cavity, not covered by peritoneum – thus follicles
are expelled into the peritoneal cavity
Can be displaced elsewhere after childbirth

Uterine tubes
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Uterine/Fallopian tubes conduct the oocyte prom the peri-ovarian peritoneal
cavity to the uterine cavity
Provide usual size of fertilisation
Divided into four parts (lateral-medial)
o Infundibulum
 Funnel shaped distal end, opens into peritoneal cavity via the
abdominal ostium
 Fimbrated ends spread over ovary surface, one large ovarian
fimbrae attaches
o Ampulla
 Widest and longest part
 Fertilisation of the oocyte usually occurs here
 Also most common site for an ectopic pregnancy
o Isthmus
 Thick walled part, enters uterine horn
o Ovarian part
 Short intramural segment that passes into the uterine cavity

Taken from Moore et al, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, Seventh Edition
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Innervation of ovaries and uterine tubes
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Derived partly from ovarian plexus, and from ovarian plexus
Visceral afferent pain fibres ascend to cell bodies in T11-L1, with descending
SNS fibres and lumbar splanchnic nerves
Visceral afferent reflex fibres ascend to S2-S4, with descending PNS fibres and
inferior hypogastric plexuses and pelvic splanchnic nerves

Taken from Moore et al, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, Seventh Edition
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Taken from Moore et al, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, Seventh Edition
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Lymphatic drainage of female genital organs
Lymphatic vessels from the ovaries follow the ovarian veins to the right and
left lumbar (caval/aortic) lymph nodes
Lymphatic vessels from the uterus and vagina drain in a number of directions
o Superficial ingual lymph nodes
o External iliac lymph nodes
o Internal iliac lymph nodes
o Sacral lymph nodes
Areas of uterus also drain to lumbar (caval/aortic) lymph nodes, while vagina
also drains to common iliac nodes

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Taken from Moore et al, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, Seventh Edition
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Reference
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Clinically Oriented Anatomy
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