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Refraction of Light at a Plane Surface
Object:
To study the refraction of light from water into air, at a plane surface
...
3 V power supply
...
The
study of the properties of light with this approximation is called geometric optics
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A thin beam of light, angled upwards from the lower right and traveling through water,
encounters a flat surface (plane) of intersection between water and air
...
This
reflected beam travels as if it bounced from the surface
...
The
travel of light through a surface (or interface) that separates two different materials is
called refraction
...
Note that the bending occurs only at the
surface
...
Each ray is oriented with respect to a line, called the normal, that is
perpendicular to the surface at the point of refraction and reflection
...
103
The following laws apply to light beams reflecting and refracting at plane surfaces:
Law of Reflection:
(reflection)
The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence
...
It relates the angle of incidence to the angle of
refraction via the use of two dimensionless numbers (n1 and n2) called the index of
refraction for material one and two respectively
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The index of refraction for water will be measured in this experiment
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6) one can show that the speed
of a beam of light traveling in a transparent material is given by:
where c is the speed of light in vacuum (approximately 3
...
Procedure:
Adjusting the light source:
1
...
2
...
3
...
Turn the slit plate until the
light beam passes through the center of the bath
...
Loosen the fixing screw and rotate the back cover of the light source either
clockwise or counterclockwise until the sharpest image is formed (avoid using
excessive force during this adjustment)
...
Place the circular water bath on a
flat, level surface and fill it with
water to the mid-line (90-90
line)
...
2
...
Measure the angle of reflection at
10 degree increments
...
Data Table 1
Angle of incidence
Angle of reflection
Percent difference
Experiment 2:
50
60
70
80
Refraction of light passing from air through water
1
...
This will require approximately 1
liter of water
...
Slowly move the light source from
its top position (zero on the scale)
downward while at the same time
observing the path of the refracted
light
...
Angle of incidence ( )
sin ( )
Angle of refraction ( )
sin ( )
Index of refraction for
water
0
Data Table 2
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
105
Analyzing the data:
1
...
= _________
2
...
333)
...
Data Table 3
Angle of incidence ( )
sin ( )
Angle of refraction ( )
sin ( )
Index of refraction for water
0
10
20
30
40
Analyzing the data:
1
...
106
Find the average value of the index of refraction for water from the third
experiment (from water through air)
...
333)
...
Refraction of 90 degrees
Use Snell’s law (with the average value of
and
), to calculate the angle of
incidence ( ) from water into air which produces an angle of refraction equal to
90 degrees
...
Position the light source at the angle of incidence calculated in #1 above
...
Measured refraction = ________ degrees
Percent difference = __________ %
Questions:
1
...
2
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Does the data from experiments 2 and 3 agree with the law of refraction? Why or
why not?
4
...
(the
)
1
...
5
...
Is the
wavelength of light shorter or longer in glass?
6