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Bottom  Up  Model  
 
 
The  bottom  up  theory  emphasis  children  learning  to  read  through  the  
progression  of  first  learning  the  parts  of  language,  or  letters,  to  then  understanding  
the  meaning  of  what  is  being  read
...
   According  to  Gough  and  Leberge  and  Samuels  there  are  two  
beliefs  on  how  the  Bottom  Up  Model  works
...
   Readers  
begin  by  translating  the  parts  of  written  language  into  speech  sounds,  then  piece  the  
sounds  together  to  form  individual  words,  then  piece  the  words  together  to  arrive  at  
an  understanding  of  the  text
...
   The  visual  input,  letters  and  
words,  is  sequentially  entered  into  the  mind  of  the  reader,  much  like  how  an  
individual  would  type  their  thoughts  into  a  computer
...
   This  means  that  readers  have  a  limited  ability  to  shift  
between  decoding  words  (sounding  them  out)  and  comprehending  or  
understanding  what  they  mean
...
 
 
Teachers  who  use  this  method  begin  teaching  their  readers  letter  names  and  
sounds,  then  they  will  progress  to  pronouncing  the  whole  word  to  understanding  
the  meaning  of  the  word
...
 
 
http://www
...
com/reference/article/bottom-­‐up-­‐theories-­‐reading-­‐
process/  
 
• Key  Features  
o Letter  name,  shape  
o Letter  relationships  
o Words  meaning  
• Learn  to  decode  then  understand  
http://www
...
com/Reading%20Models
...
   This  model  stresses  phonic  and  the  understanding  of  individual  
words  versus  the  text  as  a  whole
...
   I  believe  that  
understanding  the  meaning  of  each  word  is  important  but  I  do  not  believe  this  is  
necessary  for  a  student  to  be  able  to  read
...
   It  is  important  for  a    student  to  WANT  to  understand  what  words  mean
...
“The meaning-based, or whole language approach, is a topdown method that emphasizes reading comprehension, or deciphering meaning
of words based on context,” (Education Week, 2004)
...
Context is crucial for the construction of meaning, and that is possible
through the schemas that humans build throughout their lives
...
According to top-down advocates,
reading is a natural process
...
Words on paper are meaningless alone
...
For these advocates, reading
goes beyond decoding words and acquiring fluency
...
In this theory, the accuracy in reading fluency and decoding
is not a sign or weakness as long as the reader is still able to make a mental
picture of what he/she is reading
...

http://www
...
org/ew/issues/reading/  

 
Teach  students  to  read  as  a  whole  versus  sounding  out  each  word  in  a  
sentence  
• Use  context  clue  to  decipher  unfamiliar  words  
• Helpful  for  second  language  learners  
• Focus  on  understanding  main  idea  
o Even  if  a  student  doesn’t  understand  every  word  if  they  grasp  the  
meaning  of  the  text  they’ve  learned  
• Allow  student  to  choose  books  they  are  interested  in  –  motivated  to  read  
• Read  aloud  to  develop  skills  
http://everydaylife
...
com/topdown-­‐reading-­‐model-­‐theory-­‐13028
...
learningwithjamesgentry
...
html  
 
 
 
 
Even  today  when  I  read  a  textbook  or  even  a  leisure  book  there  is  an  
occasional  word  that  I  don’t  understand
...
   I  use  my  context  clues  and  can  usually  figure  out  a  
“rough”  meaning  of  it,  or  realize  it  isn’t  so  important  that  I  can’t  understand  what  is  
happening  in  the  text  because  I  didn’t  understand  the  word
...
   This  model  believes  that  
this  time  period  is  different  for  every  individual
...
   It  was  first  believed  that  the  
precondition  for  learning  to  read  was  maturation,  that  when  a  child  matured  
enough  they  would  read
...
   Neural  
ripening  is  the  growth  in  neural  and  intrinsic  skills
...
   He  also  believe  that  a  child  had  to  posses  a  certain  amount  of  prerequisite  
skills  before  they  would  begin  to  read
...
   He  continued  to  believe  that  a  child  would  read  when  they  were  ready  to  but  
that  they  needed  a  certain  amount  of  instruction  before  they  would  become  a  
reader,  he  called  this,  prereading
...
   The  best  thing  
that  can  be  done  is  for  parents  to  read  aloud  to  their  children
...
   This  can  
happen  at  different  time  periods,  depending  on  the  child
...
ideals
...
edu/bitstream/handle/2142/17977/ctrstreadtechrepv
01992i00561_opt
...
thepeacefulpalace
...
html  
 
 
•

  
I  believe  that  learning  to  read  combines  both  of  these  beliefs
...
   For  example,  my  niece  is  only  3  years  old  and  LOVES  books
...
   
However,  she  now  likes  to  “read”  the  book  to  you
...
   However,  
she  isn’t  really  reading
...
   Granted,  this  may  help  her  when  
she  is  older  and  more  mature  to  understand  written  language
...
   This  is  different  when  a  
student  reaches  a  certain  age
...
 However,  I  do  not  believe  that  a  child  will  just  
start  to  read  one  day  if  never  taught
...
   A  student  needs  to  be  read  to  so  that  they  can  hear  how  
words  sound  and  start  to  recognize  what  words  look  like
...
   They  don’t  get  that  at  home  because  many  of  their  
parents  don’t  speak  English
...
   



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