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Title: Children and Crime Explanations (Including theories)
Description: These not extensively explore what leads children to commit crimes. It explores what studies have been done on the subject as a key influence is the media, it explores what concepts have been made to explain criminal behaviour in children (Including, SLT and others)
Description: These not extensively explore what leads children to commit crimes. It explores what studies have been done on the subject as a key influence is the media, it explores what concepts have been made to explain criminal behaviour in children (Including, SLT and others)
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Social Learning Theory & Crime
Does the Media affect us?
The role of the Media
There is not much opportunity to witness anti
social acts in real life but the opportunity to do so
via the media is huge
...
g
...
3
...
7
...
6
...
Funk (1993) people who are repeatedly
exposed to violent games become
desensitised to violence and are less likely to
show an aversive response (e
...
disgust)
towards violence in real life
...
However, individual differences
Role models seen on TV/media may be models of
identification for viewers [not just provides a
role model]
Role models in the media are shown as powerful
and likeable [not just provides a role model]
Some video games/media glamorise violence
making it more appealing
Violence is shown without negative consequences
Violent video games reward anti-social behaviour
with points
Video games and aggression
A recent review of research evidence in this area
concluded that exposure to video game violence
increases aggressive behaviour (Dill and Dill, 1998)
...
Also,
the study tries to link the two together, video games
and aggression creating a cause and effect but it
does not indicate a causal relationship between
playing video games and violent behaviour
...
Violent stories: some increase in aggression has been
found after the reading of violent books or comics
(Bushman & Anderson, 01)
...
Violent news: this appears to increase aggression, but
the effect is smaller than for other programmes
(Paik & Comstock, 1994)
Aggressive sports: viewing aggressive sports shows a
small increase in aggression (Sachs & Chu,00)
Viole nt vide o game s
In a recent meta-analysis of 32
previous studies, Sherry (01)
concluded that the video game
effect was ‘less significant than
the effect of TV violence on
aggression’
...
Effects were most noticeable
in the 6-12 age range
...
The Bulger case has shown no significant link
between media violence and modelling
...
The study began in 1960 with 800 eight-year olds, and their TV
viewing habits were logged, as well as teachers’ reports of how
aggressive they were at school
...
They were studied a third time aged 30 in 1982,
to see once again if any had run into trouble
...
They were also more likely to be arrested as adults for criminal
behaviour
Evaluation points
This was a longitudinal study – what are the
strengths and weaknesses?
But this is a correlational study – what are the
disadvantages of this?
H and E did not find the same results across
cultures indeed some countries with a lot of
violence actual have a lower crime rate
...
The relation was stronger for individuals who
are characteristically aggressive and for men
...
Study 2
Two hundred ten (104 female, 106 male)
undergraduates from a large Midwestern
university participated for partial credit in their
introductory psychology course
...
Results
In Study 2, laboratory exposure to a graphically
violent video game increased aggressive thoughts
and behaviour
...
•
They found that violent video games were more
harmful than violent TV
...
He thought certain Schemata might be activated
when they watch violence in the media
...
(Vicarious reinforcement)
4 stages
& 3 other bits
Attention
Role Model
Retention
Identification
Reproduction
Because they’re cool and we
want to be like them!
IF
Vicarious Reinforcement
Motivation
Or lack of vicarious
punishment
4 rules/stages (how we do this)
Behaviour has to be noticed (attention)
The behaviour has to be remembered (retention)
The person has to be capable of reproducing the
behaviour (reproduction)
There has to be a motivation to repeat the
behaviour (this motivation usually comes from
vicarious reinforcement)
Role models
Everyone is a potential Model (when they
perform behaviours they are modelling them for
us)
We need to identify with
someone
...
It’s why
boys copy of boys and girls of girls et
...
It occurs most intra-sex but is
also affected by power, popularity and
attractiveness
...
All of this can happen in a matter of seconds, it
doesn’t have to be a long drawn out process
Cognition
Unlike the other theories in Learning this one does
pay some attention to your mental processes,
what you’re thinking
...
It also depends on how much motivation they are
given
...
g
...
Determinism = people have a choice to
play violent games and to be influenced by them but
it is also down to individual differences as everyone
is different and choose to interpret video and
aggression differently therefore games cannot be
the sole problem for a person being violent or
becoming violent as their environment also needs to
be taken into consideration
...
In addition to this, research studies have
consistently produced contradictory findings about the
effects of media violence on children
...
Title: Children and Crime Explanations (Including theories)
Description: These not extensively explore what leads children to commit crimes. It explores what studies have been done on the subject as a key influence is the media, it explores what concepts have been made to explain criminal behaviour in children (Including, SLT and others)
Description: These not extensively explore what leads children to commit crimes. It explores what studies have been done on the subject as a key influence is the media, it explores what concepts have been made to explain criminal behaviour in children (Including, SLT and others)