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i)

Describe how the process of respiration release chemical energy from a molecule of
glucose

Respiration involves the breakdown of glucose in gradual steps and the energy is used to
create ATP
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Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm
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This is then broken down into two triose
phosphates which are 3 carbon molecules
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The net gain of glycolysis is 2ATP molecules and 2NADHs
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Two pyruvates is broken down into two acetates, producing 2CO₂
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Then it continues to the krebs cycle, where carbon bonds are broken to produce energy to
synthesise ATP and produce reduced NAD
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Firstly, acetyl CoA combines with a
4 carbon compound to form a 6 carbon compound
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The 6C compound
undergoes a series of reactions involving dehydrogenation which produces reduced NAD and
FADH₂, and decarboxylation which produces CO₂
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The reduced
NAD and FAD deliver the hydrogen to the electron transport chain
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In the electron transport chain, reduced NAD moves to the inner membrane where there are
three pumps and two carrier molecule which make up the chain
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The hydrogen splits to form H⁺ and e⁻
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The energy released powers the pump to pump H⁺ into the inter
membrane space
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The H⁺ ions build up
in the inter membrane space creating an electrochemical gradient

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