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Title: IGCSE Organic Compounds
Description: International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) Notes on Organic Compounds - Crude Oil, Fractional Distillation, Cracking, Alkenes and Alkanes.

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Crude oil is Petroleum 
● Non­renewable source of energy formed from plant and sea­life, 

sediments, and (shells/skeletons turning into limestone), all under high 
pressure = Crude Oil 
● Properties of hydrocarbons depends on intermolecular forces of 
attraction ­ ​Increase​ in chain length = ​high​ boiling point  ­​ low​ Volatility ­ 
high​ Viscosity ­ s​low​ Combustion 
● Slower combustion with longer hydrocarbon due to ­ greater Van der 
Waals forces, which reduces the volatility of the hydrocarbon
...
e
...
Fermentation ­ glucose reacted with yeast catalyst at 30 degrees celcius = 
12% Ethanol 
2
...
 hydrogen diatomic molecule) = Addition reaction  
● Alkene + Water = Catalytic hydration  

 
● Polymerisation ­ monomers have a double carbon bond which disappears 
during polymerisation ­ find repeat unit 
● Condensation polymerisation (e
...
 nylon formed from a diamine and 
dicarboxylic acid) ­ a water molecule is eliminated each time two 
monomers are joined together to form a chain  ­ THIS REQUIRES TWO 
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS ON EACH MONOMER 

 
 


Title: IGCSE Organic Compounds
Description: International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) Notes on Organic Compounds - Crude Oil, Fractional Distillation, Cracking, Alkenes and Alkanes.