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Biology Definitions

Gene
Enzymes

Intracellular
Extracellular
Competitive Inhibitors

Non-competitive
Inhibitors
Cofactors

Primary Structure
Secondary Structure
Tertiary Structure
Quaternary Structure
Speciation
Continuous Variation
Discontinuous
Variation
Variation
Classification
Phylogeny

A sequence of DNA nucleotides which codes for a specific
polypeptide
Globular proteins with hydrophobic and hydrophilic R
groups, insoluble and catalyse and enzyme controlled
reaction
Catalyse reactions inside the cell (metabolic reactions
inside cellulose)
Catalyse reactions outside the cell (digestion of bread)
A molecule with the same shape as the substrate but not
identical so no products form which competes for active
sites with substrate molecules
Molecule binds away from the active site but alters the
active site making it uncomplimentary to the substrate
Ions which increase the rate of an enzyme controlled
reaction and allow enzyme substrate complexes to form
more easily
A specific sequence of amino acids joined together by
peptide bonds
The coils and pleats of the protein molecule as a result of
hydrogen bonds
The 3D structure of the protein molecule bonded together
by hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges and ionic bonds
Protein structure where it consists of more than one
polypeptide chain
The formation of a new species due to years of variation
Variation could value anywhere between the two
extremes
There are distinct categories where the variation can fit
into
The presence of variety between individuals
The study of categorising specific species
The study of evolutionary relationships between
organisms

Taxonomy
In situ
Ex situ
Binominal System
Dichotomous Key
Species Richness
Species Evenness
Species

Habitat
Biodiversity
T Helper Cells
T Killer Cells
Plasma Cells
B Memory Cells
Antigen
Antibody
Agglutination
Fertiliser
Pesticide
Antibiotic
Health
Disease
Parasite

The study of the principles of classification
Conserving a species within its natural environment
Conserving a species outside of its natural environment
The Latin process of naming organisms (genus then
species)
Identifying an organism by answering a series of yes, no
questions
The number of different species present within an area
The number of individuals within that species
Organisms with similar biochemical, physiological and
anatomical characteristics whose members are able to
produce fertile offspring
A area in which organisms live
The range of organisms in which can be found
Produce Interleukins which stimulate the production of B
lymphocytes
Kill (release toxic substances into) infected cells
Produce antibodies
Provide long term immunity
Is what creates an immune response
Inhibits the pathogen from binding to the host cell
When an antibody has many variable regions and is able to
bind to many different antigens
Replaces minerals in the soil which have been removed by
previous crops (nitrate, potassium, growth)
Kills organisms which reduce the yield or cause disease to
the crops
Reduce the spread of disease to other organisms
Being in a state of physical, social and mental wellbeing
with the absence of disease
The departure of good health due to a malfunction of the
mind or the body
An organism which feeds on the host which can lead to
infection

Pathogen
Balanced Diet
Salting/Adding Sugar
Pickling
Freezing
Heating
Irradiation
Coenzymes
Adaptation
Behavioural
Anatomical
Physiological
Immune Response

An organism which causes disease
Taking in all of the 7 food groups in the correct
proportions
Dehydrates organisms are water leaves them due to
osmosis
The acidic pH denatures the enzymes active site
Retards enzyme activity so growth and reproduction is
very slow
Denatures the enzymes active site as a result of vibration
Kills the microorganisms by disrupting their DNA structure
Bind to the active site and aids the enzyme substrate
complex (they are also recycled)
A variation which aids the survival of an organism
A cognitive process which aids an organisms survival
(seagulls and worms)
A variation in the organisms physique (otters streamlined)
A variation that happens inside the organisms which aids it
survival (bears slow their metabolism when hibernating)
A specific response to a pathogen which involves
lymphocytes and antibodies



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