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Child, Family, School,
and Community
Chapter 7
ECOLOGY OF TEACHING

THE TEACHER’S ROLE AS A
SOCIALIZING AGENT
TEACHERS
 Translate program goals into action

 MOST powerful socializing influence of the
school

EFFECTIVE TEACHERS:
• Provide appropriate time, opportunity, and
pacing for instruction
• Communicate high student expectations
• Involve all students in learning activities
• Adapt instruction to all student learning needs and
abilities
• Ensure student success

TEACHER CHARACTERISTICS AND
STUDENT LEARNING
• The teacher who is a facilitator guides the participation of
children in their own learning
...


STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS AND
TEACHER INTERACTION
ETHNICITY

• More than 32 million speak a language

other than English at home
...


STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS AND
TEACHER INTERACTION
American MACROCULTURE is
characterized by:
 Emphasis on active mastery rather than passive
acceptance
 Stress on assertiveness and achievement
 Interest in the external things and events (not internal
meanings and feelings)

STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS AND
TEACHER INTERACTION
American MACROCULTURE is also
characterized by:
 Belief in rationalism, not traditionalism
 Emphasis on peer relationships, not superordinate-subordinate
relationships
 Focus on individual personality, not group identity and responsibility
 Emphasis on open relationship

STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS AND
TEACHER INTERACTION
MACROCULTURE (INDIVIDUALISTIC) Cultures:
Objects/People:
Children learn having
physical objects is a
means toward
independence

Achievement:
individual
achievement and
competition most
important

Possessions: having
and keeping
possessions
emphasized

Social Roles: respect
and certain rights for
everyone

STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS AND
TEACHER INTERACTION
MICROCULTURE (COLLECTIVISTIC) Cultures:
Objects/People:
Children are amused
and helped by others
Possessions: social
relationships and
communal
possessions
emphasized

Achievement:
Group affiliation
and cooperation
most important
Social Roles:
Children taught to
respect authority
and elders

STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS AND
TEACHER INTERACTION
LEARNING STYLES

Howard Gardner:
• ALL children learn differently
• Teachers should adapt the curriculum to the
various multiple intelligences

STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS AND
TEACHER INTERACTION
LEARNING STYLES

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Logical-mathematical
Linguistic
Bodily-kinesthetic
Musical
Spatial
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Naturalist

STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS AND
TEACHER INTERACTION
DISABILITY
Educators have modified the teaching environment
to include:
• Individualized instruction
• Adaptation of the curriculum to various learning styles
• Collaboration with various professionals
• Peer tutoring

STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS AND
TEACHER INTERACTION
DISABILITY

Inclusion
• integration of individuals with disabilities into society via
legislation (aka community)
• The Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973 serves as a “Bill of
Rights” for individuals with disabilities
...


STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS AND
TEACHER INTERACTION
POVERTY, SUBSTANCE ABUSE, AND VIOLENCE

Poverty:

One of these 6 children is classified as POOR
...

CDF 2001

STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS AND
TEACHER INTERACTION
POVERTY, SUBSTANCE ABUSE, AND VIOLENCE

• Alcohol – prenatal exposure as well as growing up in an
alcoholic home can negatively impact a child’s ability to
learn
...


MACROSYSTEM AND CHRONOSYSTEM
INFLUENCES ON TEACHING
PHILOSOPHIES OF TEACHING AND LEARNING

Teacher-directed
(traditional)
school imparts
basic factual
knowledge and
preserves the
American cultural
heritage
...


MACROSYSTEM AND CHRONOSYSTEM
INFLUENCES ON TEACHING
SOCIALIZATION OUTCOMES OF DIFFERENT CLASSROOM
CONTEXTS

• Traditional programs generally produce children who
perform better academically and are able to work
individually
...


Instructional settings can be organized
into “goal structures”:
1
...

2
...

3
...




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