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Title: Early Childhood Studies - The Changing Face of Childhood
Description: Module ED5701 - The Changing Face of Childhood Explores the different issues of childhood in the 21st Century, as well as comparing to the past. These notes are for 2nd year students.
Description: Module ED5701 - The Changing Face of Childhood Explores the different issues of childhood in the 21st Century, as well as comparing to the past. These notes are for 2nd year students.
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Introduction
02 August 2015
19:03
Learning Outcomes
Students will have:
1
...
2
...
3
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4
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Assessment
Part 1: Seminar
Group Tutorial: 4th March 2016, 11am
Reference list submission: 8th March 2016, 10am
Seminar: 11th March 2016, 12pm
•
•
•
•
•
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Journal Article - see link in handbook
Questions are given
Split into groups and discuss the questions and article
Lasts for 20 minutes (minimum)
Submit the reference list onto TurnItIn - the same reference list for each group
Focuses on Learning Outcome 4
Group: Jamie, Cora, Lidije, Helen, and Ashleigh
Part 2: Essay
Hand In Date: 19th April 2016, 10am
• Critically consider the effect on poverty on childhood, and to discuss and evaluate the
proposed impact of Government initiatives, which aim to tackle child poverty
• Word Count: 2,800 words
• Focus on poverty
• Child Poverty Strategy 2014-2017
• EPPE Project
• Focuses on Learning Outcome 1, 2, 3
• Assignment guidance on 11th March, in the afternoon
ED5701 - The Changing Face of Childhood Page 1
What is Childhood?
05 February 2016
10:28
Definitions of a child:
-
A young person of either sex
Human offspring
Someone that has a parent
A person that does not have the same legal rights as an adult
Definitions of childhood:
- Biological - related to development; physically, emotionally, socially, and intellectually
- Legal - there are laws and regulations related to age
- Legal age for:
Gambling, drinking, smoking: 18 years
Consensual sex: 16 years
Prosecution for criminal acts: 10 years for criminal responsibility
Joining the armed forces, getting married: 16 years with parental consent
Childhood is said to be socially constructed - have a look at p3 in Maynard and Powell
(2014) An introduction to early childhood studies, 3rd edition
ED5701 - The Changing Face of Childhood Page 2
Historical Perspectives
05 February 2016
13:42
17th Century - Childhood began to be recognised
Locke (1632 - 1704) - Children were considered as blank sheets, or 'tabula rasa', waiting to
be filled with knowledge
...
Children could learn through play
...
Most children at the time would work with parents
...
1750 - 1850) - this centralised production within factories
and mills, away from the family unit
- Children were cheap, small, and nimble workers
- The Factory Acts (1802) sought to limit the number of hours and improve the
conditions in which children worked
- The workhouse system (1834) was introduced to combat destitution
- The Custody of Infants Act (1839) assigned custody of under 7 years to their mothers
- The act of compulsory school attendance was introduced for the ages of 5 - 12 years
- The first Barnardo's home for destitute children was founded (1870)
Schooling:
Forster Education Act, 1870 - elementary education available for all children up to the
age of 10 years, but had to pay fees
Education Act, 1891 - free schooling, where school leaving age was raised to 12 years
Protecting children:
The Prevention of Cruelty to and Protection of Children Act, or Children's Charter, was
passed by parliament in 1889 - Police could now arrest anyone mistreating children
and enter homes to prevent danger to children
The Prevention of Cruelty to Children Act (1894) - allowed children to give evidence in
court, it also made it an offence to deny medical treatment to a sick child, whilst
recognising mental cruelty as abuse for the first time
The Prevention of Cruelty to Children Act (1904) - amended to give the NSPCC a
statutory right to intervene in child protection cases, and the power to remove children
from abusive or neglectful homes
ED5701 - The Changing Face of Childhood Page 3
Contemporary Perspectives on Early Childhood Education
and Care (ECEC)
12 February 2016
08:55
Have a look on the Moodle page - a few documents to support the seminar assessment…
Policies, Government Acts, and legislation regarding children and families in the UK include:
-
The Children and Families Act 2014
Children Act 1989 and Children Act 2004
Every Child Matters 2003
UNCRC 1989
SEN Code of Practice 2014
Working Together to Safeguard Children 2015
EYFS 2014
Common Assessment Framework
The Children's Plan
Every Child Matters
A green paper is more of a consultation document that has resulted as a formal response to
a incident, such as with the death of Victoria Climbie
The five points are:
- Be healthy
- Stay safe
- Enjoy and achieve
- Make a positive contribution
- Achieve economic well-being
The Government aim is for every child, whatever the background or circumstances, to have
the support they need in the above five areas
...
All about economic co-operation and development
...
e
...
Use statistics, legislation, definitions that relate to asylum seekers
...
Methodology used and ethical considerations involved
...
Semi-structured interview
...
Critically evaluate both of these - pros and cons, what I think…
On another note, a dissertation is similar to a journal article - literature review, abstract,
methodology used, ethics considered, findings, conclusion, and references…
3
...
Benefits of a supportive early years environment for the children
Possible barriers to asylum seeking children accessing the environment - such as
language, social, emotional…
5
...
Subjective perceptions - personal opinions, consider emotions
Childhood experiences and mothers' parenting experiences - impact
Discuss and evaluate the impact
There has to have been an impact…
ED5701 - The Changing Face of Childhood Page 5
Children and Family
26 February 2016
09:43
What is family?
My definition: Where everyone respects, accepts and loves each other unconditionally
...
'The family is a social group characterised by a common residence, economic cooperation and reproduction
...
' GP Murdock, Social Structure, 1949)
...
Two generations of family
members living in the same household
...
Horizontally Extended: includes relations such as aunts, cousins, etc…
Single Parent: one parent with dependent children
...
The 'Cornflake' family: other interpretations of family - http://medicaldictionary
...
com/Cornflake+family
Views of the family
Functionalist…
-
Family performs functions essential for society
Reproduction
Socialisation of the young
Economic support
Outlet for sex
Popular idea in post-war Britain
Feminist - challenges patriarchal system…
-
Women should have some rights as men
Against gender socialisation - often reinforced by family values
Women are subordinate within the family
Both women and children marginalised within traditional views of family
ED5701 - The Changing Face of Childhood Page 6
Children and Family - The Child's Voice
26 February 2016
13:09
The child's voice and their perceptions are part of everything we do as practitioners, and
they are integral in current early years discourse
...
Working Together to Safeguard Children (2015), page 53 - arrangements should be made to
create "a culture of listening to children and taking account of their wishes and feelings, both
in individual decisions and the development of services"
...
This emphasises the new-found respect for the child's voice, their competence as a learner,
and the importance of parents
...
Reggio Emilia Approach, in Northern Italy, can be seen to influence the EYFS
...
This could be translated as sustained shared thinking
...
Privacy
Give the child your full attention
Summarise content of the conversation, and decide together what will happen next
Reflect back what has been said to check you heard/understood correctly
To develop good communication with children:
- Build good relationships with all children in the setting
ED5701 - The Changing Face of Childhood Page 7
-
Build good relationships with all children in the setting
Giving children time to talk to you
Creating empathy by showing respect and understanding
Not completing a child's sentence(s)
Listening to the words and the tone of the child's voice
Being on the same level
Being aware of your own body language
Being careful not to jumpy to conclusions
ED5701 - The Changing Face of Childhood Page 8
Poverty
04 March 2016
13:08
Definition:
"Individual, families and groups in a population can be said to be in poverty when they
lack the resources to obtain the types of diet, participate in the activities, and have the
living conditions and amenities which are customary, or are at least widely encourage
or approves, in the societies to which they belong
...
" (Townsend, 1979)
However many things one person counts as necessity are certainly not a necessity for
another
...
An income-related
example would be living on less than X% of average UK income
Absolute poverty…
- A condition characterised by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food,
safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education and information
...
An income related example would be living on less that £Y per day
...
7 million children
or fewer live in qualifying households in the UK that fell within the relevant income
group for the purpose of section 3 (the relative low income target) - see the Act on
Moodle
There were 3
...
That's 28% of children, or 9 in a classroom of 30
...
Trussell Trust
Offered a support line for families
...
ED5701 - The Changing Face of Childhood Page 9
Globalisation
18 March 2016
08:59
What is globalisation?
"the term used to describe how modern economic systems and technology, enable
trade and financial markets to operate on a global scale
...
" (McDowall Clark, 2013)
Huge multinational companies have the power to switch their operations to wherever labour
and materials are cheapest, in order to increase their profits; making them even larger and
more profitable
...
It also puts pressure on children to purchase these items, which places a financial
burden on families, especially those living in poverty
...
Globalisation has an impact on childhood:
Bronfenbrenner's ecological model (1979) identifies the various contexts/people that
affects a child's development
...
It is argued that globalisation as a particular impact on children as they are very
vulnerable to the effects of poverty
Read Chapter 1, H
...
Worldwide, it denies 168 million children the right to education, leisure, and a healthy
life
...
18,000 refugees in one district of Istanbul
Vulnerable to poverty, sexual exploitation, disease, the weather conditions
ED5701 - The Changing Face of Childhood Page 10
Assignment Guidance
18 March 2016
11:51
Essay on Child Poverty
2,800 words
Due in Tuesday 19th April 2016
Task: Critically discuss and consider the effect of poverty on childhood, and to discuss and
evaluate the proposed impact of Government initiatives, which aim to tackle child poverty
...
Demonstrate critical knowledge and understanding about key issues related to the
changing face of childhood
...
Critically considered key Government policy initiatives relating to changing childhoods
...
Synthesised data collected from a range of sources related to changing childhoods
Title: Early Childhood Studies - The Changing Face of Childhood
Description: Module ED5701 - The Changing Face of Childhood Explores the different issues of childhood in the 21st Century, as well as comparing to the past. These notes are for 2nd year students.
Description: Module ED5701 - The Changing Face of Childhood Explores the different issues of childhood in the 21st Century, as well as comparing to the past. These notes are for 2nd year students.