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biologie+human science+Genetics+normal human
cells+living cell+bonus(the real truth of diabetes)
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It has been proposed that telomere shortening is the molecular clock that
triggers senescence
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In contrast to telomerase-negative control clones, which exhibited
telomere shortening and senescence, telomerase-expressing clones had elongated telomeres, divided
vigorously, and showed reduced staining for β-galactosidase, a biomarker for senescence
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The ability to maintain normal human cells in a phenotypically youthful
state could have important applications in research and medicine
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living cell
Celled organisms cell is the basic unit in the construction of living organisms of all kinds - a human
being or an animal or Nbata- despite the differences in the forms and functions
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Within this Almtnah entity at a young age there are thousands of
different organic molecules forms and functions
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In other words, this unit
represents almost the entire activity of the body, which is the result of activity of all cells
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Hooke who managed
in the seventeenth century (in 1665) to make for himself Mkroscoba used in the examination of certain
plant tissues such as cork plant, discovered the existence of small spaces and divisions regularly in cork
chips, separate from each other, resembling bees nest cells, called on each of these cell units, a name
means a small gap
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Despite this long
history, however, the cell has been for a long time and until recently unknown details, not scientists can

learn their parts and components to accurately only in the middle of this century, and helped them in
that technological advances in the manufacture of electronic Almikrscobat, with powerful zoom in force
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Falcain neighborhood that consists of a single cell -kbaktiria- is necessary for the survival of all
biological processes within this single cell
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In addition, they are different
defense operations that you need to get rid of, which is surrounded by dangers
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The
matter here is different from animals and humans, where we find millions of specialized cells
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Suffice it to say to explain that square inch of human skin contains about a million cells, while the brain
contains more than thirty billion cell
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This water broken down as follows: 40% is within the intracellular cells
0
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5% in the blood
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At the same time, the cells secrete this
fluid is produced from these processes of combustion products is undesirable, and can not for the cell to
keep inside
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Live cell within the human body on a high degree of specialization
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And it arises from the cells
brings together the so-called living tissue tissue, and each group of tissue clump together to form what
is called user organ, and each group of members form what is called the device system
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A group of members that are in the end are
generally nervous system
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Therefore, we note that the human body consists of a set of specialized devices,
which each of them a specific function, other devices can not do
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While we see the function of the digestive system is to
swallow and digest the food and turn it into a simple material is absorbed, it is treated for use and
distribution to parts of the body, and so on for the rest of the hardware
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Cells are the respiratory system have the
ability to absorb oxygen, as well as some of them contains a set of cilia on the surface helping to expel
foreign bodies from the airway, so that the lungs to function optimally
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Also remember when entering any food or
liquid in the throat instead of the esophagus, trachea muscles moving strongly to occur (choking) until
the disposal of this food, because then allowed the passage of air to the lungs
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And then we can consider the unit cell and the body's
vital functions building
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- Installation of a living cell:
Helped in the technical development of modern industry microscopes (microscopes) e to detect many
of the components of a living cell, which was until recently a world almost unknown
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In addition, it has been providing these microscopes to computers that can
record the cell parts and keep them, as well as monitoring what is happening inside the cell of molecules
and chemical interactions movement
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The
cell consists generally has two parts: the first membrane or cell wall, and the second item that
protoplasm protoplasm surrounded by a membrane, and is characterized into two parts: a gelatinous
fluid called cytoplasm cytoplasm and the nucleus of the cell
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1
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In addition to that he is responsible for the overall shape of the cell
due to the fluid that surrounds the gel is formed depending on the nature of the cell wall, just as water
is formed in the pot in which it resides
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Carl Negila K
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The cell membrane is composed of some organic molecules known as fatty Balphusvoulibdat
phospholipids where section refers (phospholipase) to phosphorus, and section (lipids) to fat
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The cell wall consists of hundreds of these molecules that line up next to each
other very regularly, and in a way a complex form in the end that perimeter cell membrane
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The head of the molecule and
is a lover of water hydrophilic head any gravitate toward the water, while the longer tail hem or
molecule reluctant to hydrophobic any water away from the water
The membrane is composed of two layers of phospholipids Tojaddan in opposite directions
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And as such become fatty tails (hydrophobic) molecules, each of the two classes are located in the
center of the cell wall, and away from the water
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These proteins also play an important role in the defense of processes inside the human body, as it
works to distinguish the body's cells from other extraneous cells represented by the microbes, and
therefore help the anti antibodies antibodies secreted by the body to defend himself, to identify exotic
his cells to attack them, and leave body cells
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This feature help him severely control the force of material
entering the cell or emerging from, according to the needs of the cell
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Second protoplasm: Protoplasm is the basic material of life, and the word protoplasm word of Hispanics with two syllables
(proto) means a primary or essential, and (soul with a bond) and means of living matter, and the word in
its entirety means the initial living material
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There are also a number of organic materials Kalkrbohadarat, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids
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As mentioned
above, the protoplasm is divided or characterized to the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the cell
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A
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A
gelatinous liquid located inside the cell, and is surrounded by a wall
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The cytoplasm viscous liquid similar in texture egg whites, swim hundreds of different particle shapes
and functions and installation
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And it is in this
continuous liquid chemical reaction processes, and is responsible for biological activity in the body of
the organism
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The following is the structure and function of each of these components:
1
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According to the first floor of
which (Endoplasmic) to having something inside the cytoplasm, while the second word means
(Reticulum) network
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This network is
responsible for the formation of proteins Ribosomes station
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It could be argued that there are at least two types of endoplasmic networks:
the first rough type, in which we find on the outside of network range of micro-granules are ribosomes,
which gives it a rough surface, and Type II type sleek which lacks these ribosomes, so the surface is
smooth
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The endoplasmic reticulum internal pillar of the
cytoplasm of the cell, and if it strengthens the structure of the cell shape
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It is also working on the transfer of materials from outside the cell to
the inside
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2
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This consists
of granules of DNA known as acid Alrebonaclaiak Ribo Nucleic Acid, and known for short Pal (R
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A) or
RNA
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3
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The floor is made up of two sections (Mito) is
concerned with the string, and (Kondria) live and concerned
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It is a small rectangular or bacillary form particles swim in the cytoplasm, and no
intracellular medium numbers, although some parts of the body Kkhalaaa liver contain huge numbers of
them run into the thousands, but has in sizes up to 20% of the weight of the cell
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The mitochondria are composed of two main parts: the cover or wall, and the charge or
the inner part or body
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The
outer shell gives your Balmitokondria shape, while the membrane bends or inside cover gives winding
form within the body of the mitochondria, and this meandering help to increase the inner surface area
of the oxidation processes take place
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N
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In this section are the oxidation of food operations, and you need these oxidation processes to
a continuous source of energy, to pay interaction processes (oxidation) to an end
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And this energy is stored in the form of compounds called adenosine tri-phosphate
Adenosine Tri Phosphate compounds which are known simply as (A
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P)
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And the cell can re-use the energy stored in several formats, it can convert chemical energy into kinetic
energy used by muscles, and converts it to electrical energy used in the transfer of nerve signals
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Typically, it is the oxidation process in stages so that they can be
used for cell energy resulting from each step of the reaction
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T
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And we can sum up the process of extracting energy and its
transition in the living cell as follows: Oxidizes glucose produced by the decomposition of food, several stages in chemical reactions, and in
each step of the interaction produce the amount of energy, are exploited in the formation of highparticles of energy are molecules A
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P transmitted inside the cell from one place to another to give
necessary for those who apply energy
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T
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D
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Then recharge the molecule A
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P phosphate group to turn into
a molecule A
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P again retains power
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3
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It consists of flour Allisusumat
membrane inside it contains a large number of tiny objects that contain the enzyme hydrolysis
hydrolysis These are called enzymes (Hedroleezz) hydrolase
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The
private enzyme breaks down proteins that we get food in, for example, decompose into small
components are amino acids that are reusable in protein synthesis once again, for the benefit of the
body, and so does the rest of the food ingredients, so-called digestive enzymes
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The membrane Allisusum
process is very important to maintain the stability of the life of the cell, it blocks out the enzymes inside
Allisusum to the cytoplasm, while allowing the entry of enzymes into Allisusum to increase its focus
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Generally considered the enzymes in one of the important components inside the cell because they are
responsible for the demolition and construction operations, where they are used as catalysts in chemical
reactions that take place inside the cell, which is not included in the process of interaction, but also help
push and stimulate interaction to an end, and therefore remain unchanged and without losing a thing of
the composition
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Both Rabcock and Clausen also proposed the following definition (which is a science that looks for
reasons both inherit traits Heredity and variations Variations between individuals with which it has no
kinship that one family also shows the relationship between successive generations
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It was a common belief in the past, that the blood is the primary factor in genetics such as their saying
(of the same blood, saying the blood), but knew then that the fetus does not arise from the blood of the
parents, but is created through the merger of two cells are egg from the mother and sperm from the
father
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Yes, that life is inherent in the breeding and reproduction form of life achieved the transfer of the
general features of dynamic and continuous regulation of the predecessor to the back (ie be conformed
to the children of parents) any continuous switch the old version with a new copy of individuals
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To assess the neighborhood's ability to reproduce is the (only give birth to the same),
but not always, is that the children and their parents in the match all the qualities
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That could be passed on to the next Ansalhm
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What is the essence of reproduction? This ensures that in the eternal types, ie that man begets a human
rat and mouse, and so the rest of the neighborhoods
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Such questions captured the full attention of
scientists for many centuries before it discovers its mind
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Since that time caper this science spikes and wide in the areas of research and progress, where he was
able Morkan Morgan and his aides to pervert the concept of default Mendel qualities factors into
reality, where was replaced by the word Factor factor word gene (inherited) Gene certain something

and the reality on the Alkromusat which represents the recipe of the qualities of the organism
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he was the model proposed by scientists Watson Watson and Crick Crick for
arranging the installation of a molecule of DNA a significant impact in the progress of this science
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The genetic discoveries paved the way to discern and insight into two new key issues as an asset life and
build a living material and the process of upgrading and evolution has Fraid yielded process involving
human requirements, starting from providing his medicine and education and improving plant and
animal production and the election and the synthesis of the finest up man touched himself to protect
him from disease and degradation
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population genetics population genetics
Interested in studying changes in the genetic duplicates of clans Mendelian to Hardy-and Aenberk 1908
Act
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inheriting behavior Behavior genetics
Interested in studying the effect of genotype on behavior and Matalbh genetic variations of a role in the
appointment of the behavioral differences in the clan
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biochemical genetics Biochemical genetics
Interested in studying the changing nature of the metabolic pathways through for Cruel Varieties of
organisms that can not manufacture a certain metabolic component to that component they need in
order to perform different activities
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Genetics immune Lmmuno genetics

Interested in studying genetic factors that produce a specific anti-antibodies with the relationship
between antibodies and antigens (antigens) in the tissues of the body
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5
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cytogenetics Cytogenetics
Interested in studying the genetic structure and changes in the chromosomes of cells after exposure to
environmental factors affecting the chemical
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Genetics Alsaitoblazmih Cytoplasimic inheritance
Interested in studying in the cytoplasm of cells and genetic units
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His relationship with the knowledge of the cell Cytology
Where is the Theory of chromosomes Chromosome Theory foundation in the study of genetics, linear
regulation of genetic material which makes the genetics and cell meet together and Aldan branch is the
science of cellular genetics Cytogenetics
Cytology + Genetics = Cytogenetics
Since the phenomenon is fundamental to the process of genetics is the multiplication of organisms and
with a basis of cell division before nearly a century and a quarter Vrashw Vircho to announce the cells do
not come only from her previous cells in the configuration and thus the cell genetic meet with each
other, also announced a researcher Wilson Wilson Since genetics include the continuation of content
genetic cells represented a doubling of the genetic material (chromosomes) and distributed equally
between the two cells, then the basic Valrabotth between successive generations are fertilized egg
(Zygote) or egg and sperm

(Egg and Sperm) The emergence of these cells preceded by a series of divisions, the most important is
the physical mitosis (Somatic mitosis) and meiosis' eiosis
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Fertilization process in the plant has been seen by researchers Hartok Hertwig, soya Fol and Straspockr
Strasburger in the late seventies of the nineteenth century, which led to kernel mode theory
(chromosomal theory), which confirms that the nucleus of the cell is a carrier of the rules of parenting
and substance chromatin is the substance constituent of chromosomes and taken system longitudinally
and that supported by the Rzman Wersman saying (that genetic units (genes genes) and taken position
along the chromosomes regular Petrtb), all due biggest bounty to pioneer and author of the genetics
world laws of Mendel Gregor Mendel 1884-1822, which remained the unknown laws to the
rediscovered by *
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Its relationship to the science of statistics of life Biometery Biosatistic
Who cares about the organization and the application of statistical methods and use them to analyze
and interpret the data and discuss the results and the work of the final clone her
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That sexual reproduction
Sexual Reproduction includes the contribution of gender feminine Female egg Egg anniversary Male
sperm Sperm This production resulted after meiosis process Meiosis in generating its cells, which halved
the number of chromosomes in half Haploid compared somatic cells that carry the full number of
chromosomes ((Diploid and when the egg Union sperm after fertilization fertilization process to form a
fertilized egg Zygote due chromosomal group bilateral Authority ((Diploid and experiencing divisions
unusual succession to form a new individual
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Its relationship to sociology and law and rights
Where some of the problems solved by genetics
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Neighborhoods used in genetics
Neighborhoods used in genetic studies Mouse Mouse and fruit flies
Fruit fly red bread mold of Red pread Mold corn Corn and bacteria Bacteria and Viruses filtrates while
the first experiments conducted by man confined to certain plants like wheat, rice, palm trees and some
animals like cows, sheep and horses economic importance
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(B) that there are many different strains of split peas in plant characteristics and produce similar
individuals
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The Morkan and his students have chosen to hold the fruit fly experiments for the following reasons:
A palace life cycle, where the nine days at room temperature
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(B) ease of breeding the insect in Almokhtpereh circumstances
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D ease study of the four pairs of chromosomes found in the nuclei of cells in the salivary glands insect
larvae
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Accordingly, for their election appropriate organism for genetic studies take into account the following
points
1
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the large number of offspring
3
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matings directed
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The new installation

1
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While the elephants, they reach sexual maturity during the period of 8-16 years and the need for two
years to reach integration in the wombs of their mothers
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2
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Conducting statistical collections to support the results also included
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Ease of use Convenience of Handling
Some objects are small and easy accessibility, availability and cheap price which will be more convenient
for genetic studies of large volumes of organisms which are difficult to obtain and are available if they
are expensive
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4
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We can not rely on genetic studies of humans on matings
directed
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In other
organisms Vensttia that control the multi-events Tzaujat and trace the inheritance of traits under study
are sufficient to generations inherited a statement
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covariance Variation
The organism elect genetic testing must be a number of differences and differences certain qualities
shown, for example, if the skin of man and one color for the study was the inheritance of this trait is
very difficult and this also applies to the eye color and the color of flowers and the form of seeds and the
nature of the securities and other characteristics of the organism, and whenever there is a number
substantially constant changes, the greater the importance of this organism for genetic studies
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The new installation Recombination
Genetic analyzes become more ease and speed of the object, if it possessed effective means to
assemble or install certain qualities no part of them in a single parent and no other part in the second
father
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Happens assembly for a lot of high-end living organisms as a result of sexual reproduction Sexual
Reproduction in which Khalitan Jncian Two parents different unite to form a marriage Zygote process of
citizenship is one of the upscale neighborhood properties, has spoken in many of the major
neighborhoods Lower organisms may occur in the filtrates and bacteria Kalaguetran Conjugation and
mobility Transduction than leads to a new assembly or installation
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com/zscynlk

The cold hard truth:
By living with diabetes and by taking your prescribed medication, you
are under the constant daily threat of dying of a heart attack, stroke,
kidney failure, succumbing to blindness, amputations, neuropathy,
hypertension, nerve system disease, high cholesterol, depression, and
falling into a coma
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Now lets add the side-effects from the drugs that are supposed to
"help" you; hepatitis, liver problems, acidosis leading to death within
hours, heart attacks, stroke, increased risk of cancer, weakened
immune system, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, heart failure, etc
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It has been scientifically proven that simply treating diabetes with
conventional methods does not stop the disease
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Then when those
fail, they get prescribed insulin injections on top of drugs
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This isn't a question of IF, but
WHEN
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The drugs you take will fail
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STOP
If you have diabetes, you simply cannot continue this way sooner rather than later you WILL die; either from diabetes,
its complications, or side-effects from the drugs you take
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Getting rushed to
the hospital while the paramedics break all of your ribs
giving you CPR will be hell on earth
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If you are OK with slowly losing your vision and then going blind as
diabetes destroys the blood vessels in your eyes causing them to
wither and die, if you're perfectly fine with dying 9 years
earliepossibly not waking up tomorrow, dropping dead at any
moment or having your legs amputated
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