Notesale: Turn your study into money

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Black Codes​: codes allowing african americans certain rights, such as marriage, owning property, limited
access to the courts, but prohibited the right to testify against whites, serve in juries or militias, vote, or have job
w/o approval of the previous employer
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Vagrancy statutes​: laws that applied exclusively to african americans that makes it a criminal offense to
not be working
Convict leasing​: Around the 1840’s, prisoners contracted out as laborers to the highest paying bidder
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High death rates
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Seen as
worse than slavery as it was the selling of people’s lives into another and downright degrading another race and
people
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Disenfranchisement​: to deprive a person or people from their rights, such as voting
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Punitive​: inflicting punishment
Socioeconomic​: relating to or concerned with social and economic factors
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Jim Crow Laws:​ were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States
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These laws mandated the
segregation of public schools, public places, and public transportation, and the segregation of restrooms,
restaurants, and drinking fountains for whites and blacks
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Critical Historian​ - A person that approaches the history of art, literature, or architecture from a critical
perspective of the relationship between the past and the compositions of history
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Punishments
for this sort of behavior would be: stocks, pillory, whipping posts, fines, etc
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This way of punishments was nearly eliminated by 1820
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Sharecropping​: A farmer (especially in the South) who raises crops for the owner of a piece of land and is
paid a portion of the money from the sales of the crops
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Punishment over the law that
includes imprisonment and death
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Restorative Justice​: A system of criminal justice that ​focuses on the rehabilitation of offenders through
reconciliation with victims and the community at large
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Benjamin Rush​: ​Rush was known for his efforts to reform care given to the mentally ill, and he eschewed
many primitive contemporary "treatments" in favor of careful clinical observation and study Crime was seen as
something that was inevitable, as man was “born in sin” and so it thought it could be treated through religion
which helped in the creation of the two systems
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Was made to be seen
as “ A grand theater for the trial of all new plans in hygiene and education”(106)
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Worked,
ate, and slept in solitary confinement and were allowed to only see limited/special visitors
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BOTH​: Emphasized isolation, steady routine of labor, and obedience
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Auburn​: Prisoners slept alone, one to a cell
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Less expensive to build and maintain
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Most states adopted this plan
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Attitudes towards the “reform” model​: Dickens: Found it “cruel and wrong”, finds that tampering with
the brain is more detrimental than that of the body
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Under the administration of President
Andrew Johnson in 1865 and 1866, new southern state legislatures passed restrictive “black codes” for African
Americans
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Radical Reconstruction
began in 1867, and newly enfranchised blacks gained a voice in government for the first time in American
history, winning election to southern state legislatures and even to the U
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Congress
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​Cruel
punishments were being implemented to maintain order, and prisoner unrest increased due to overcrowding
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(signed during civil war, that did not
end until 1865)
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​The Ku Klux Klan in particular waged a campaign of
intimidation and violence against Republicans, especially African Americans
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14: All persons born in the united states are american citizens including african americans - 1868
15: Prohibits each government from denying citizens the right to vote based on race, color, or previous
conditions or servitudes
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- SLAVERY BY
ANOTHER NAME
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Prisons are a natural and inevitable response to crime
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(10)
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Criminal rate is also not equal to the incarceration rate
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Prison prevents crime by deterring others
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for many
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3
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They
lose rights after prison as well such as the right to vote
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Prisons protect the public from dangerous offenders - You can not predict if someone will go back to
their old ways in the future
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(13)
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Prison reflects our need to punish crime
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