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Title: Male Reproduction System
Description: Notes specifically geared toward college-level Anatomy & Physiology course. Specifically, these notes contain structure and function of the male reproductive system, as well as the processes that undergo through these organs. These notes explain the major organs, duct system, accessory structures, and a microscopic anatomy of the testes. These notes are especially useful for college students taking Microbiology or Anatomy & Physiology
Description: Notes specifically geared toward college-level Anatomy & Physiology course. Specifically, these notes contain structure and function of the male reproductive system, as well as the processes that undergo through these organs. These notes explain the major organs, duct system, accessory structures, and a microscopic anatomy of the testes. These notes are especially useful for college students taking Microbiology or Anatomy & Physiology
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A&P LAB 38: Male Reproductive System and Structure!
!
• MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS!
!
Description
scotum
Function
pouch of loose skin suspended
from root of the penis; 2-3
degrees C lower than body temp
bc exterior of the body
houses testes
scrotal septum
internally divides scrotum into
two portions
dartos muscle
smooth muscle
wrinkles and raises scrotum
when contracted
cremaster muscle
continuations of internal oblique
muscles; located in spermatic
cords superior to testes
contraction/relaxation when hot/
cold to adjust distance of testes
from the body wall
testes
oval-shaped glands
produce and release male
hormones androgens
(testosterone); produce and
release sperm
tunica albuginea
dense fibrous connective tissue;
extends into testis to form septa
septa
partitions
lobules
compartments of testes
tunica vaginalis
extension of peritoneum;
external of tunica albuginea
spermatic fascia
loose connective tissue; external
of tunica albuginea
sperm
produced by spermatogenesis
seminiferous tubules
located within lobules of testes;
form straight tubules
divide the testes into smaller
compartments (lobules)
form straight tubules
straight tubules
carry sperm into a network called
rete testis
efferent ducts
connect the rete testis to the
edididymis
!
!
!
!
!
!
• MALE DUCT SYSTEM!
!
Description
Function
epididymis
curves over the posterior of the
corresponding testis
site of sperm maturation and
storage; move sperm to ductus
deferens from peristaltic
contractions of smooth muscle
ductus (vas) deferens
—initial portion leaves scrotum
and enters spermatic cord that
travels bet
...
artery!
2
...
lymphatic vessels!
4
...
vas deferens!
6
...
prostatic urethra!
2
...
spongy urethra
external urethral orifice
!
• Composition of male duct system!
!
!
1
...
3
...
5
...
prostatic urethra: passes through the prostate gland!
2
...
spongy (penile) urethra: within the penis!
!
• ACCESSORY STRUCTURES!
!
Description
seminal vesicles
Function
sac-like glands posterior to the
bladder, flanking either side
seminal vesicle duct
—secretes additional fluid to
seminal vesicles; alkaline fluids
constitutes 60% of semen
volume and neutralizes acid from
male urethra/female vagina!
—fluid contains fructose =
energy source for sperm!
—fluid contains prostaglandins =
stimulate sperm motility and
muscular contractions in vagina
prostate gland
—surrounds the prostatic urethra
inferior to the urinary bladder!
—increases in size during male
development and known to
enlarge @ age 45 = BPH
(benign prostatic hypertrophy
= constricts prostatic urethra =
hard to ejaculate)
secretion has several proteolytic
enzymes (prostate specific
antigen PSA); constitutes 25%
of semen volume
Cowper’s gland
located on either side of
membranous urethra within the
urogenital diaphragm, a skeletal
muscle
secrete an alkaline secretion that
neutralizes the acidic male
urethra and secret mucus that
lubricates the urethra and glands
penis
penis
—cylindrical shaft that contains
distal portion of urethra =
passageway for urine and
ejaculation of semen!
—located medial and anterior of
scrotum and testes; contains
spongy (penile) urethra!
—Three parts:!
1
...
root!
3
...
(2) dorsolateral corpora
cavernosa penis!
2
...
seminal vesicles!
2
...
Cowper’s gland!
• Composition of penis!
1
...
root!
3
...
head!
2
...
tail
head
consists mostly of nucleus with
an acrosome
acrosome
vesicle filled with hydrolytic
enzymes
enzymes allow sperm to
penetrate the female oocyte for
fertilization
midpiece
contains many mitochondria
provides the needed energy ATP
for the tail once the sperm cells
are ejaculated
tail
flagellum
performs a whip-like motion,
propelling the sperm
!
• Process of spermatogenesis!
1
...
spermatogonia divide = form primary spermatocytes (diploid) + more spermatogonia
stem cells!
3
...
primary spermatocytes with 46 chromosomes enlarge = nucleus divides in mitosis I =
2 haploid (n) secondary spermatocytes, each with 23 double chromosomes!
5
...
spermiogenesis: spermatids go through drastic change in shape/composition = making
of sperm!
7
...
environment for the process/assisting the cells to move from basement membrane to
lumen
Title: Male Reproduction System
Description: Notes specifically geared toward college-level Anatomy & Physiology course. Specifically, these notes contain structure and function of the male reproductive system, as well as the processes that undergo through these organs. These notes explain the major organs, duct system, accessory structures, and a microscopic anatomy of the testes. These notes are especially useful for college students taking Microbiology or Anatomy & Physiology
Description: Notes specifically geared toward college-level Anatomy & Physiology course. Specifically, these notes contain structure and function of the male reproductive system, as well as the processes that undergo through these organs. These notes explain the major organs, duct system, accessory structures, and a microscopic anatomy of the testes. These notes are especially useful for college students taking Microbiology or Anatomy & Physiology