Notesale: Turn your study into money

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ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION
[ˈ ɪŋglɪʃ prənʌnsɪˈeɪʃn]

Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia
Corsi di Laurea in Filosofia, Lettere, Storia
A
...
2010-2011
Frederika GEBHARDT

INDEX

UNIT 1 PHONETIC SYMBOLS AND SOUNDS

p
...
9

Difficult vowel and consonant combinations
-s and –ed suffix pronunciation
Homographs, homophones, silent letters

UNIT 3

STRESS PATTERNS IN WORDS

p
...
22

Weak stress in function words, auxiliary
and modal auxiliary verbs

UNIT 5

ENGLISH WORDS USED IN ITALIAN

p
...
28

2

INTRODUCTION
The text follows the contents of G
...
CD (Edizioni
Erickson)
Unlike Italian, English is not a phonetic language which is the principle reason why it is
difficult to write and pronounce English words
...
This
text is a short introduction to the phonetic transcription of English phonemes (vowel and
consonant

sounds)

to

increase

the

Italian

student‟s

understanding

of

English

pronunciation, improve speech and reading, and help students consult a dictionary
...
The text will focus particularly on sounds that are
difficult to pronounce for Italian students and those that may be easily confused
...
Attention is
paid to strong and weak stress in words and phrases, taking into consideration function
words, contracted forms, compound nouns and adjectives, prefixes and suffixes
...


In conclusion, there is a brief section on English words used in Italian that are often
mispronounced, and false anglicisms (words used by Italians that do not exist in English)
...

1
...
later

2
...
joke

3
...
heart

4
...
there

5
...
doubt

6
...
work

7
...
shut

8
...
think

9
...
pool

10
...
bought

Exercise 2 Listen to the following words and circle the sound that you hear
...


/æ/

/ʌ/

6
...


/æ/

/e/

7
...


/ʊ/

/ɒ/

8
...


/ɪː/

/ɪ/

9
...


/ɜː/

/ɔː/

10
...
make

/ɑɪ/

/ɔɪ/

/əʊ/

/ɑʊ/

/m _ _ k/

/ɪə/

/eə/

/ʊə/

6
...
sure

/ʃ _ _/

7
...
bear

/b _ _/

8
...
island

/- - lənd/

9
...
employ /ɪmpl _ _/

10
...

1
...
/grenɪtʃ/

3
...
/edɪnbrə/ 5
...
It can be found in unstressed function words such as a, am,

an, but, can, of; in prefixes and suffixes such as in-, suc-, to-, ad-, -ible,
ment; in words such as according, lemon, minute, purpose, second etc
...

1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...

5
...

6
...

7
...

8
...

9
...
There were seven or eight hundred people present at the conference
...

Exercise 6 Tick the words that contain the /ɜː/ sound
...
Thursday

5
...
birthday

13
...
does

6
...
turn

14
...
skirt

7
...
bun

15
...
short

8
...
weren‟t

16
...
Underline the alternative
that you hear
...
Which county/country did you say he lived in?
2
...

3
...

6

4
...
We were wondering/wandering where she was
...
She has a heart/hut of gold
...
Put the batter/butter in the fridge
...
Did you say he run/ran away?
9
...

10
...

/ɪ/
Italian does not have this sound: fill - /fɪl/, ship - /ʃɪp/
...

1
...
_____

2
...
_____

3
...
_____

4
...
_____

5
...
_____

/θ/ and /ð/
These sounds do not exist in Italian, so they may be transformed in /t/, /f/ or /d/
...

there

three breathe thin moth whether although nothing throw either
/θ/

/ð/

/w/
This sound tends to be pronounced by Italian speakers as /v/
...
Underline the alternative
that you hear
...
There was only a little vine / wine left
...
Where is the vest / west?
3
...

4
...
Her poetry has become worse / verse
...
The letter
„G‟ can also produce this sound: general, storage, as can the combination

–dge and –age: edge, storage
...

1
...
yam

9
...
damage

2
...
soldier

10
...
mayor

3
...
guilty

11
...
collage

4
...
gum

12
...
college

/h/
This sound tends to be omitted by Italian speakers
...

Exercise 12 The teacher will read out sentences
...

1
...
old

hold

2
...
heir

hair

3
...
all

hall

4
...
eight

hate

5
...
edge

hedge

/s/
Apart from the letter „S‟, the /s/ sound can be represented by a number of consonant
combinations, which differ in pronunciation from the Italian: psyche, cellar, science,

listen
...

1
...
face

9
...
disciple

2
...
city

10
...
sugar

3
...
message

11
...
mix

4
...
houses

12
...
psychology

8

Exercise 14 Underline the word that the transcription represents
...
bɔːn

burn

born

2
...
fɪːlɪŋz

fillings

feelings

4
...
meɪdʒə

major

mayor

6
...
wɜːd

word

worried

8
...
ɑɪs

eyes

ice

10
...

1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...

5
...


UNIT 2 ENGLISH SPELLING AND SOUNDS
English spelling is a particular obstacle to non-native speakers
...
Thus, for example,
the sound /ʃ/ is to be found in the following letter combinations: shut, champagne,

nation, expansion, conscience, issue, and sugar
...
Other words sound
alike, but are spelled differently (homophones): aren‟t / aunt - /ɑːnt/, bare / bear /beə/, and seen / scene - /sɪːn/
...
For example, in the 16th century the word bit
was sometimes spelt byte
...
But many
other words have kept unnecessary letters, for instance the B in debt , the E in have or the
P in receipt
...
The

American lexicographer Noah Webster took the process of simplification a step further in
the early 19th century, and Americans today use some distinctive spellings of the type his
dictionary recommended, such as center, traveling, favor, defense, realize (Br
...
centre,

travelling, favour, defence, realise)
...

ea: /ɪː/ - beach, /e/ - bread, /eɪ/ - break, /eə/ - bear, /ɪə/ - dear
...

oo: /uː/ - too, /ʊ/ - look, /ʌ/ - flood, /əʊ/ - brooch, /ɔː/ - floor
...

ou: /ɑʊ/ - out, /əʊ/ - soul, /ʌ/ - touch, /ʊ/ - could, /uː/ - you, /ɔː/ - pour
...

ow: /ɑʊ/ - now, /əʊ/ - know, /ɒ/ - knowledge
...

augh: /ɔː/ - taught, /ɑːf/ - laugh
...

cc: /ks/ - success, /k/ - account, /tʃ/ - cappuccino
...

ng: /ŋ/ - sing, /ŋg/ - finger, /ndʒ/ - danger
...

1
...
sheep

beer

field

people

3
...
shout

now

round

mould

5
...
signature

foreign

Gnostic

tongue

7
...
though

rough

enough

tough

9
...
author

caught

laughter

daughter

Suffixes
-s suffix
The morpheme -s of the 3rd person singular (he works), of the noun plural (books), of
the genitive (John‟s) and of the contraction of is or has (he‟s) is pronounced in three
different ways depending on the sound of the preceding consonant:
ɪz

after sibilant consonants: s

ʃ

tʃ

dʒ

slices

brushes

/brʌʃɪz/

churches
s

/slɑɪsɪz/
/tʃɜːtʃɪz/

wages

/weɪdʒɪz/

after unvoiced consonants: /f/ /k/ /p/ /t/
packs

/pæks/

rates

/reɪts/

laughs

/lɑːfs/

taps

/tæps/
11

z

in other cases
boys

/bɔɪz/

girls

/gɜːlz/

clothes

/kləʊðz/

John‟s

/dʒɒnz/

Some unvoiced sounds, θ and f , become voiced when the -s suffix is added
...


1
...
watches

_____

2
...
attends

_____

3
...
tapes

_____

4
...
books

_____

5
...
wives

_____

-ed suffix
The morpheme -ed of the past tense (or past participle) is also pronounced in three
different ways depending on the preceding consonant:
ɪd

after t and d
painted

founded

/fɑʊndɪd/

wanted

t

/peɪntɪd/
/wɒntɪd/

rounded

/rɑʊndɪd/

after unvoiced consonants: /f/ /k/ /p/ /s/ tʃ /ʃ
clapped

brushed

/brʌʃt/

laughed

d

/klæpt/
/lɑːft/

wished

/wɪʃt/

in other cases
earned

/ɜːnd/

carried

/kær ɪd/

changed

/tʃeɪndʒd/

harmed

/hɑːmd/

12

Exercise 17 Pronounce the past form of these regular verbs paying attention to the –ed
suffix
...
study

_____

6
...
judge

_____

7
...
listen

_____

8
...
miss

_____

9
...
work

_____

10
...

1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...

5
...

Homographs
Some examples of homographs:

to lead
to read
to live

lead
read
live

/lɪːd/
/rɪːd/
/lɪv/

/led/
/red/
/lɑɪv/

The sound may also change according to the where the stress is on the word:

to record
to present
Exercise 19

/rɪˈkɔːd/
/prɪˈzent/

record
present

/ˈrekɔːd/
/ˈpreznt/

Listen to the sentences and circle the transcription that you hear
...
/hɑʊz/

/hɑʊs/

2
...
/kləʊz/

/kləʊs/

4
...
/ˈkɒntrækt/

/kən ˈtrækt/

13

Homophones
Some examples of homophones:

son / sun
allowed / aloud
minor / miner

/sʌn/
/əlɑʊd/
/mɑɪnə/

Exercise 20 Listen to the teacher and circle the word that you hear in its context
...
whose / who‟s

6
...
there / their

7
...
sale / sail

8
...
rode / road

9
...
steel / steal

10
...
This is either because they were
once pronounced (knock) or come from a foreign language (psychology)
...

Some examples:

government

family

chocolate

garden

reason

evil

Exercise 21

Mark the silent letters in the following words
...
answer

6
...
subtle

16
...
Greenwich

7
...
vegetable

17
...
interest

8
...
generous

18
...
restaurant

9
...
psychosis

19
...
written

10
...
cupboard

20
...
Read it aloud
...

And dead, it's said like bed, not beadfor goodness' sake don't call it 'deed'!
Watch out for meat and great and threat
(they rhyme with suite and straight and debt)
...

English, on the contrary, is a stress-timed language in which there exists a
distinction between strong (toniche) and weak (atone) syllables
...
The system for
syllable division is generally a phonetic one
...
However, there are a few rules to
help divide words up into syllables
...
When a consonant separates two vowels,

divide the word after the first vowel and before the consonant:

stu-dent

re-sult

ex-a-mine

b) When the vowel is at the end of a syllable, it has a long sound, called an open syllable:

may

be-low

an-ec-dote

c) When the vowel is not at the end of a syllable, it has a short sound, called a closed
syllable:

mad

sub-ject

con-vent

d) Syllables are divided between doubled consonants, unless the doubled consonant is
part of a syllable that is a base word: din-ner
e)

tell-er

Monosyllabic prefixes and suffixes are not divided:

il-le-gal
gov-ern-ment
f)

swim-ming

un-com-mon
cou -ra-geous

Plurisyllabic prefixes and suffixes are divided:

an-ti-war
vel-o-ci-ty

un-der-take
hy-po-the-ti-cal

Exercise 22 Divide the following words into syllables
...
mirror

5
...
sunshine

6
...
poem

7
...
wonderful

8
...
computer

13
...
lovely

14
...
fine

15
...
tongue
Stress patterns in words
The strong or primary stress on one syllable has the effect of weakening the
pronunciation of the secondary syllables
...

Symbols used to indicate stress:
ˈ the following syllable has primary stress
ˌ the following syllable has secondary stress
Suffixes
Suffixes do not generally have primary stress
...

Some examples are:
-oo

kangarˈoo

-elle

gazˈelle

-ee

employˈee

-ette

cigarˈette

-eer

engineˈeer

-ese

Chinˈese

Some suffixes determine the position of the primary stress
...

1
...
passion

2
...
anxiety

3
...
universal

4
...
career

5
...
economics

Adjectives
-ic, -ible, -igible

hisˈtoric

inˈvisible

Note the shift in stress:

eˈconomy

ecoˈnomic

to neˈglect

ˈnegligible

-ious, -eous, -uous

ˈglorious arˈboreous

ˈeligible

conˈtinuous

18

-ial, -ual

ˈsocial

ˈusual

Other suffixes do not alter the stress pattern of the word
...
)

ˈbaby

ˈbabyish

-ism

to ˈcriticise

ˈcriticism

-ize/-ise (v
...
)

ˈrapid

ˈrapidly

-man (n
...

1
...
experiment

experimental

3
...
nation

nationality

5
...
psychiatry

psychiatric

7
...
examine

examination

9
...
demonstrate

demonstration

Prefixes
Two-syllable words with no prefix usually have the primary stress on the first
syllable: ˈfollow

ˈcarry

ˈgovern

ˈcancel

19

Two-syllable words with a separable prefix (often written with a hyphen) have equal
stress on the prefix and the main word:

ˈex-ˈwife

ˈpre-ˈbook

ˈre-ˈwrite

ˈself-ˈhelp

Two-syllable VERBS with an inseparable prefix generally have the primary stress on
the second syllable: to exˈplain

to preˈsent

to deˈny

to proˈduce

Two-syllable NOUNS with an inseparable prefix generally have the primary stress on
the first syllable: ˈexpert

ˈpresent

Some exceptions to this are: adˈvice

ˈdeluge

deˈfence

exˈcuse

ˈproverb
reˈlief

The stress in three-syllable words can vary from word to word
...

1
...
to desert

desert

3
...
to subject

subject

5
...
to decrease

decrease

7
...
to produce

produce

9
...
to rebel

rebel

Exercise 26

Find the word in each group that the primary stress located on the different

syllable from the other three
...
a) con-fi-dent

b) del-i-cate

c) po-et-ic

d) sen-si-tive

2
...
a) or-i-gin

b) oc-cur

c) lim-it

d) of-fer

4
...
a) ca-nal

b) de-moc-ra-cy

c) char-ac-ter

d) suc-cess

6
...
a) man-age

b) con-nect

c) o-blige

d) re-veal

8
...
a) ac-ci-dent

b) ma-chin-e-ry

c) res-tau-rant

d) tel-e-phone

10
...
Compare this to
the equal stress of adjective and noun:

ˈdining-room

ˈtextbook

ˈdark ˈroom

ˈblackbird

ˈlibrary ˈbook

ˈblack ˈbird

Compound adjectives
The stress generally falls on the second element with the –ed participle and -ing
participle: bad-ˈtempered

old-ˈfashioned

good-ˈlooking

However, if one of the elements of the compound adjective is a noun, stress will fall on
the noun, even if it is the first element: ˈlaw-abiding

ˈrecord-breaking

Compound verbs
The stress generally falls on the second element: outˈrun

overˈrate

underˈline

Exercise 27 Mark the stress on the following words
...
blackboard

6
...
mobile phone

7
...
well-dressed

8
...
highlight

9
...
swimming pool

10
...

1
...


2
...


The vegetables are
...
We went on holiday at the last minute
...
holiday
...
Jane works very hard
...


5
...


Tom is
...

prepositions

conjunctions

at

/ət/

that

ðət

for

fə

as

əz

from

frəm

than

ðən

of

əv

and

ən , n

to

tə

but

bət

per

pə

or

ə , ər

pronouns

determiners

he

hɪ

his

ɪz

him

ɪm/, /əm

her

hə , /ə/

her

hə

our

ɑː

us

əs

your

jə

them

ðəm

a, an

ə , ən

some

səm

the

ðə , ðɪː/

Exercise 29 Underline the weak function words in the following sentences
...
I‟d love a cup of tea
...
When are you going to Spain?
3
...

4
...

5
...

6
...

7
...

8
...
He said that he‟d go home as soon as possible
...
I told them they were going to fall
...

1
...

2
...
She is _____ Anglo-Italian
...
It is _____ European law
...
Jane is _____ university student
...
I hope to study for _____ M
...
degree next year
...
It was _____ one-hour lesson
...
The concert was _____ extraordinary event
...
You‟ll have to have _____ X-ray for that leg
...
It was _____ enjoyable evening
...

1
...


6
...


2
...


7
...


3
...


8
...


4
...


9
...
_____ U
...
A
...
_____ one-man band
...

(c) in tag questions and short answers:

She hasn‟t arrived, 'has /hæz/she?
Yes, she 'has /hæz/
...

(c) in tag questions and short answers:

He doesn‟t /dʌznt/ live here, 'does /dʌz/ he?

Yes, he 'does /dʌz/
...


They could /kəd/ 'come
...


They 'won‟t / wəʊnt / come
...


Exercise 32 Underline the weak function words in the following sentences
...
He could have told you if you had asked
...
Don‟t you want to know?
3
...

4
...
Who does she think she is?
6
...

24

7
...
That is the place he has renovated
...
I certainly won‟t do that job again
...
You don‟t have to stay if you don‟t want to
...
Practise reading them
with attention to the weak forms (auxiliaries, articles, pronouns, prepositions etc)
...


In the popular mind, this revolution is associated with natural

science and technological change, but the scientific revolution was, in reality, a series of
changes in the structure of European thought itself: systematic doubt, empirical and
sensory verification, the abstraction of human knowledge into separate sciences, and the
view that the world functions like a machine
...


This modification in world view can also be

charted in painting, sculpture and architecture, where it can be seen that people are
looking at the world very differently
...


About 300 million people speak it as their

mother-tongue, and there are as many - if not more - for whom it is an additional
language
...


A radical shift in power would undoubtedly result in the eventual

displacement of English as the paramount international language
...


25

UNIT 5 ENGLISH WORDS USED IN ITALIAN
In the last century the Italian language has adopted and adapted a wide range of English
words, especially when they refer to new products and trends
...
Other influences concern direct translations
from English into Italian: la maggioranza silenziosa (the silent majority) and le pubbliche

relazioni (public relations)
...
There is also a tendency to coin
English words that do not in fact exist in English (called „false anglicisms‟), such as

footing (jogging) and fiction (TV series)
...
Make sure you know their
correct pronunciation
...
management

11
...
performance

12
...
audience

13
...
replay

14
...
know-how

15
...
check-in

16
...
server

17
...
partner

18
...
desktop

19
...
cover

20
...

1
...
diversamente abile
3
...
parola-chiave
5
...


1
...
funfair

2
...
juvenile murderer

3
...
toilet

4
...
motorway snack bar

5
...
pinball machine

6
...
channel surfing

7
...
adhesive tape

8
...
hitch-hiking

9
...
internship

10
...
jumper

11
...
campsite

12
...
facelift

27

ANSWER KEY
UNIT 1
Exercise 1
1
...
shut

2
...
heart

3
...
think

4
...
work

5
...
later

6
...
bought

7
...
pool

8
...
/dʒəʊk/ - b
...
doubt

10
...
there
Exercise 2
1
...


head

/e/

3
...


live

/ɪ/

5
...


pine

/ɑɪ/

7
...


hair

/eə/

9
...


gel

/ʒ/

Exercise 3
1
...
sure

/ʃʊə/

3
...
island

/ ɑɪlənd/

5
...
hear

/hɪə/

7
...
home

/həʊm/

9
...
know

/nəʊ/

Exercise 4
1
...
/grenɪtʃ/

Greenwich
28

3
...
/edɪnbrə/

Edinburgh

5
...
We went to the theatre yesterday
...
He can speak Russian and German
...
Susan is famous for her Christmas cake
...
The pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary are difficult
...
We could ask them if they have reached a decision
...
A man and a woman were waiting at the station
...
They‟re going to the mountains on Saturday
...
The private sector is all economic activity other than government
...
Where are the spoons and forks?
10
...

Exercise 6
1
...
skirt 6
...
turn

8
...
birthday

12
...
hurt 15
...
Which county did you say he lived in?
2
...

3
...

4
...
We were wondering where she was
...
She has a heart of gold
...
Put the batter in the fridge
...
Did you say he ran away?
9
...

10
...

Exercise 8
1
...
tin / tin - S

2
...
live / leave - D

3
...
lick / leak - D

4
...
chip / chip - S

5
...
bid / bid – S
29

Exercise 9
/θ/

/ð/

three

there

thin

breathe

moth

whether

nothing

although

throw

either

Exercise 10
1
...

2
...
I saw a long whale in the distance
...
What was under the veal?
5
...

Exercise 11
1
...
large

4
...
soldier 9
...
just 13
...
college

Exercise 12
1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...

5
...

6
...

7
...

8
...
They wrote „hate‟ on the wall
...
Try not to go near the hedge, Paul
...
song

4
...
face 6
...
message

10
...
castle 13
...
mix 16
...
bɔːn

born

6
...
θɪŋ

thing

7
...
fɪːlɪŋz

feelings

8
...
vɑɪn

vine

9
...
meɪdʒə

major

10
...
accommodate
7
...
beer 3
...
mould

5
...
signature

8
...
flood 10
...


Exercise 16
1
...
lives /z/
5
...
plates /s/

6
...
attends

4
...
tapes /s/

9
...
wives /z/
Exercise 17
1
...
answer d

2
...
test ɪd

3
...
invent ɪd

4
...
work /t/

9
...
enjoy d

Exercise 18
1
...
cloth /θ/ 3
...
soothes /ð/ 5
...

Exercise 19
1
...
/teə/

Your dress has got a big tear
...
/kləʊs/

They live very close to us
...
/wɑɪnd/

I forgot to wind up my alarm clock last night
...
/kən ˈtrækt/

We were afraid she might contract some disease in Africa
...
Whose book is this? 2
...
3
...
4
...
5
...
6
...
Here is where the battle took place
...
The monarch‟s reign
was peaceful
...
He couldn‟t bear to be seen
...
This novel is by a famous author
...
answer

6
...
subtle

16
...
Greenwich

7 design

12
...
mustn‟t

3
...
know

13
...
Wednesday

4
...
comfortable

14
...
bomb

5
...
honest

15
...
hoped

UNIT 3
Exercise 22
1
...
sun-shine 3
...
won-der-ful 5
...
glo-bal 7
...
De-cem-ber 9
...
lov-ely
11
...
tongue 13
...
din-ner 15
...
ˈvillage

2
...
ˈpassion 7
...
ˈtalkative 4
...
ˈclassify

8
...
caˈreer 10
...
eˈconomy / ecoˈnomics 2
...
ˈhistory / hiˈstorian

4
...
phiˈlosophy / philoˈsophical

6
...
ˈscience / scienˈtific 8
...
ˈidiot / idiˈotic 10
...
to ˈconduct / conˈduct 2
...
to preˈsent / ˈpresent
4
...
to conˈflict / ˈconflict 6
...
to obˈject / ˈobject 8
...
to susˈpect / ˈsuspect
10
...

Exercise 26
1
...
d) ˈnec-es-sar-y 3
...
d) ad-ˈvise
32

5
...
d) ˈpho-to-graph 7
...
a) a-ˈtom-ic

9
...
d) ex-ˈist-ence
...
ˈblackboard

2
...
well-ˈdressed

5
...
ˈtrain-spotting

7
...
ˈhighlight

8
...
outˈdated 10
...

Exercise 28
1
...

2
...
It was a ˈlast-minute holiday
...
Jane is hard-ˈworking
...
Tom is good-ˈlooking
...
I‟d love a cup of tea
...
When are you going to Spain?
3
...

4
...

5
...

6
...

7
...

8
...
He said that he‟d go home as soon as possible
...
I told them they were going to fall
...
an 2
...
an 4
...
a

6
...
a

8
...
an

10
...


Exercise 31
1
...
/ðə/ universe 3
...
/ðɪː/ ugly house
5
...
S
...
/ðə/ hotel 7
...
/ðə/ jewels
...
/ðɪː/ hour-glass 10
...


33

Exercise 32
1
...

2
...
I should have known he was joking
...
She can apply for the job, can‟t she?
5
...
He was at school when the fire broke out
...
Where does he say he was going?
8
...

9
...

10
...

Exercise 33
TEXT 1
Of all the changes that swept over Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,
the most widely influˈential was an epistemoˈlogical transforˈmation that we call the
“scienˈtific revoˈlution”
...
These changes greatly altered the human
exˈperience of every other aspect of life
...

TEXT 2
Today English is a world-wide language
...
The unˈparalleled status of English as an interˈnational language reflects the
ecoˈnomic and technoˈlogical power of the English-speaking countries, preˈdominantly
the Uˈnited States
...
Even so, it will remain
the national language of many countries where the maˈjority of the popuˈlation now speak
it as their first or second language
...
management /ˈmænɪdʒmənt/

11
...
performance /pəˈfɔːməns/

12
...
audience /ˈɔːdɪəns/

13
...
replay /ˈrɪːpleɪ/

14
...
know-how /ˈnəʊhɑʊ/

15
...
check-in /ˈtʃekɪn/

16
...
server /ˈsɜːvə/

17
...
partner /ˈpɑːtnə/

18
...
desktop /ˈdesktɒp/

19
...
cover /ˈkʌvə/

20
...
cartone animato – cartoon
2
...
informatica – information technology
4
...
parola d‟ordine - password

Exercise 36
1
...
motorway snack bar
2
...
campsite
3
...
funfair
4
...
internship
5
...
jumper
6
...
juvenile murderer
7
...
toilet
8
...
adhesive tape
9
...
facelift
10
...
pinball machine
11
...
channel surfing
12
...
hitch-hiking

35

36



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