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COMPUTER CAPSULE
Dear Readers,
We are presenting you the Computer Capsule
...
We
are starting this with the introduction of the Syllabus
...
Fundamentals of the Computer :
i) Hardware and Software
ii) Memory and Memory Units
iii) Number System
2
...
Microsoft Office (MS-Office)
4
...
DBMS (Database Management System)
6
...
Full Forms/Abbreviations and Important Terms
8
...
Miscellaneous (Latest in Computers and Mobile Technology)
Distribution Of Marks In IBPS Exams
1
...
MS-Office
3
...
Full
Forms/Abbreviations
Important Terms
5
...
Internet
7
...
DBMS
9
...
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16-17 Marks
3-4 Marks
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COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS
A Computer is a general purpose device that can be
programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or
logical operations automatically
...
A general purpose computer has four main
components: the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the
control unit, the memory, and the input and output
devices (collectively termed I/O)
...
A computer is an electronic device that accepts data
from the user (input), processes the data by
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performing calculations and operations on it and
generates the desired Output
...
The mechanical, magnetic, electronic and electrical
components that comprises a computer system
such as the Central Processing Unit (CPU), monitor,
keyboard, etc
...
A set of instructions that tells the computer about
the tasks to be performed and how these tasks are
to performed, is known as Software
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The result of processing, manipulating and
organising data in a way that adds to the knowledge
of the person receiving it, is known as Information
...
The primary goal of computer is to process
information that it receives and output the results
...
The number system computer used to store data and
perform calculation - Binary Number System
...
Self Intelligence, Decision-Making power, Learning
power, Self care, Feelings are the Limitations of
Computer
...
They are designed to perform
large numbers of calculations for governments and
large enterprises
...
Data
stored in ROM can only be modified slowly or with
difficulty, or not at all
...
It only allows reading
...
Random Access Memory (RAM),allows the
computer to store data for immediate for immediate
manipulation and to keep track of what is currently
being processed
...
It allows reading and writing
...
SRAM retains data as long as power is provided to
the memory chip and need not be refreshed
periodically
...
Primary memory is computer memory that a
processor or computer accesses first or directly
...
Secondary memory (or secondary storage) is the
slowest and cheapest form of memory
...
Secondary memory devices include magnetic disks
like hard drives and floppy disks, optical disks such
as CDs and CDROMs, and magnetic tapes, which were
the first forms of secondary memory
...
Installation is the process of copying software
programs from secondary storage media to the hard
disk
...
The data on DRAM continues to move in and out of
the memory as long as power is available and must
be continually refreshed to maintain the data
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An Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is a digital circuit
that performs integer arithmetic and logical
operations
...
Control Unit is responsible for controlling the
overall operations of computer
...
The first computer architecture was introduced by
John Von Neumann (1970)
Personal computers use a number of chips mounted
on a main circuit board called Motherboard
...
It is also known as the Microprocessor
...
The term also refers to the ability of a system
to support more than one processor and/or the
ability to allocate tasks between them
...
A CPU can directly understand the Machine
Language
...
They are the
devices that feed data into a computer
...
The keys include the letter keys (0, 1, 2,
...
'Caps lock' and 'Num lock' keys are called as Toggle
Keys because when pressed, they change their status
from one state to another
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It consists of digits and
mathematical operators
...
By themselves, modifier keys usually do nothing;
that is, pressing any of the Shift, Alt, or Ctrl keys
alone does not (generally) trigger any action from
the computer
...
Drag and Drop refers to the action of clicking and
holding down the mouse button, while moving the
mouse and then releasing the mouse button
...
Joystick is the device that moves in all directions
and controls the movement of a pointer
...
Light Pen is the pen shaped device, which can sense
light and is used to point at spots on a video screen
...
It is referred as
Optical Mark Reader (OMR)
...
MICR reads the characters by examining their shapes
in a matrix form and the information is then passed
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`on to the computer
...
It provides a high level of security and is therefore
used by the banking industry for faster processing of
the cheques
It is a machine readable code, which is represented
by parallel vertical lines with varying widths
...
It is the mechanical or electronic conversion of
scanned or photographed images of typewritten or
printed text into machine-encoded/computerreadable text
...
Examples of Impact Printers are Character
Printers and Dot Matrix Printers
...
Examples of Non - Impact Printers are Inkjet
printers, Laser printers, Solid ink printers, Dyesublimation, Thermal wax printers, Thermal auto
chrome printers
...
The number of pixels displayed on a screen is known
as Resolution
...
It can either be a monochrome display or a
colour display
...
Itis a
sequence of instructions, written to perform a
specified task with a computer
...
It is a set of instructions that tells the
computer about the tasks to be performed and how
these tasks are to performed
...
Software that contributes to the control and
performance of the computer system and permits
the user to use the system more conveniently is
termed as System Software
...
The assembly language program is translated into
machine code by a separate program known as an
Assembler
...
It
contains a copy of every program data and system
file on a computer
...
Loading of the Operating System is known as
Booting
...
Basic Input – Output System (BIOS) is the part of
operating system that manages the essential
A keyboard is a typewriter-style device, which uses
an arrangement of buttons or keys, to act as
mechanical levers or electronic switches
...
The keys labeled Fl to F12 on the keyboard are called
Function Keys
...
The form of output displayed on the screen is
referred as Soft Copy
...
Pages Per Minute (PPM) is the unit used to count
the speed of the printer
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peripherals such as the keyboard, screen, disk drives
and parallel and serial ports
...
An Application Software is the program that makes
the computer useful to the users
...
Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or
components of a computer such as the monitor,
mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, hard drive
disk (HDD), system unit (graphic cards, sound cards,
Memory Units:
4 bit
8 bit
1024 B
1024 KB
1024 MB
1024 GB
1024 TB
1024 PB
1024 XB
1024 ZB
1 nibble
1 byte
1 KB (Kilo Byte)
1 MB (Mega Byte)
1 GB (Giga Byte)
1 TB (Tera Byte)
1 PB (Peta Byte)
1 XB (Exa Byte)
1 ZB (Zeta Byte)
1 YB (Yota Byte)
bit (b)
Byte (B)
The number system, the modern computers are
operated - Binary Number System(0's and 1's)
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memory, motherboard and chips), etc
...
The motherboard is the main component of
computer
...
Name the most significant bit, which represent 1
and 0 for a positive number and negative number,
respectively - Sign Bit
Which coding scheme represents data in a binary
form in the computer system? ASCII, EBCDIC and
Unicode are the most commonly used codes under
this scheme - Binary Coding Scheme
EBCDIC is a 8-Bit code with 256 different
representations of characters
...
EBCDIC stands for - Extended Binary Coded
Decimal Interchange Code
BCD is a method that represents the decimal digits
with the help of binary digits
...
BCD stands for Binary Coded Decimal
This coding system is used to represent the interval
storage area of the computers
...
Binary Coding System
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The Base or Radix of the decimal number system is
10
The standard code the computer industry created to
represent characters - American Standard Code
for Information Interchange (ASCII)
ASCII is a code used for standardizing the
storage and transfer of information amongst
various computing devices
...
At present, the mostly used coding
systems are ASCII and EBCDIC
The code is also known as Reflected Code - Gray
Code
Number System
Decimal, Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal Equivalents
Decimal
Binary
Octal
Hexadecimal
0
0000
000
0
1
0001
001
1
2
0010
002
2
3
0011
003
3
4
0100
004
4
5
0101
005
5
6
0110
006
6
7
0111
007
7
8
1000
010
8
9
1001
011
9
10
1010
012
A
11
1011
013
B
12
1100
014
C
13
1101
015
D
14
1110
016
E
15
1111
017
F
A Cursor is an indicator used to show the position
on a computer monitor or other display device that
will respond to input from a text input or pointing
device
...
Ctrl + C
Copy the selected text or object
Ctrl + X
Cut the selected text or object
Ctrl + V
Paste text or an object
Ctrl + Alt + V
Paste special
Ctrl + Shift + V Paste formatting only
Ctrl + Z
Undo the last action
Ctrl + Y
Redo the last action
MICROSOFT OFFICE
Microsoft Office is an office suite of desktop
applications, servers and services for the Microsoft
Windows and OS X operating systems
...
MS office primarily includes Word, Excel,
PowerPoint, Access and Outlook
...
MS WORD
Microsoft Word is a word processor developed by
Microsoft
...
Microsoft Word's native file formats are denoted
either by a
...
docx file extension
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bankersadda
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Save as is used to save a document for the first
time
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Print Preview is used to see the document before
the printout is taken
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Control Keys + Function keys
Ctrl+F2
Ctrl+F3
Choose
the
preview
command (Microsoft office Button)
Cut on the spike
Ctrl+F4
Close the window
Ctrl+F6
Go to the next window
Ctrl+F9
Insert an empty field
Ctrl+F10
Maximise the document window
Ctrl+F11
Lock a field
Ctrl+F12
Choose the
Open command
(Microsoft Office Button)
Portrait and Landscape options are available
in Orientation category of Page Setup
...
Auto complete is a feature in word that
automatically completes the spelling of days of
the week and months of the year that have
more than five letters in their names
...
Move text or graphic
...
Go to the nest pane or frame
...
Word has extensive lists of bullets and
numbering features used for tables, lists, pages,
chapters, headers, footnotes, and tables of content
...
It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables,
and a macro programming language called Visual
Basic for Applications
...
The cell in which we are currently working is
known as Active Cell
...
xls or
...
A Worksheet is made of columns and rows,
wherein columns run Vertically and rows run
Horizontally
...
Excel 2007 onwards, the maximum number of
rows per worksheet increased to 1,048,576 and
the number of columns increased to 16,384
...
Short cut key to insert a new worksheet in MSExcel is ALT + Shift + F1 + or F11
...
A Microsoft office document that contains one or
more worksheets is known as a Workbook
...
The bar at the top of the window that bears the
name of the window, is known as Title Bar
...
Auto Correct in word automatically corrects
certain spelling, typing, capitalisation or grammar
errors
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Shortcut Keys of MS-Excel
Key
Description
F2
Edit the selected cell
F5
Go to a specific cell
F7
Spell check selected text and/or
document
F11
Create chart
Ctrl + Shift + ; Enter the current time
Ctrl + ;
Enter the current date
Shift + F3
Open the Excel formula window
Shift + F5
Bring up search box
...
Ctrl + Page
Move between Excel worksheets in
Down
the same Excel document
Ctrl + Tab
Move between two or more open
Excel files
Alt + =
Create a formula to sum all of the
above cells
Ctrl + ’
Insert the value of the above cell
into cell currently selected
...
Pressing F8 key for three times selects
A) A word
B) A sentence
C) A paragraph
D) Entire document
3
...
What does EXT indicator on status bar of MS
Word indicate?
A) It indicates whether the external text is pasted on
document or not
B) It indicates whether extended add-ons are
installed on MS Word or not
C) It indicates whether Extended Selection mode is
turned on or off
D) None of above
5
...
What is the default number of lines to drop for
drop cap?
A) 3
B) 10
C) 15 D) 20
7
...
How many columns can you insert in a word
document in maximum?
A) 35
B) 45
C) 55 D) 65
9
...
What is the maximum font size you can apply
for any character?
A) 163
B) 1638
C) 16038
D) None of above
11
...
What happens if you press Ctrl + Shift + F8?
A) It activates extended selection
B) It activates the rectangular selection
C) It selects the paragraph on which the insertion line
12
...
A) Increase font size
D) None of above
B) Inserts a line break
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C) Indicate the text should be bold
D) Applies italic format to selected text
13
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What is the purpose of inserting header and
footer in document?
A) To enhance the overall appearance of the
document
B) To mark the starting and ending of page
C) To make large document more readable
D) To allow page headers and footers appear on
document when printed
15
...
Which of the following is not valid version of
MS Office?
A) Office XP
B) Office Vista
C) Office 2007
D) None of above
22
...
The key F12 opens a
A) Save As dialog box B) Open dialog box
C) Save dialog box
D) Close dialog box
16
...
Thesaurus tool in MS Word is used for
A) Spelling suggestions
B) Grammar options
C) Synonyms and Antonyms words
D) All of above
18
...
A bookmark is an item or location in
document that you identify as a name for future
reference
...
What is the short cut key to open the Open
dialog box?
A) F12
B) Shift F12
C) Alt + F12
D) Ctrl + F12
25
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Where can you find the horizontal split bar on
MS Word screen?
A) On the left of horizontal scroll bar
B) On the right of horizontal scroll bar
C) On the top of vertical scroll bar
20
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Which of the following is not available on the
Ruler of MS Word screen?
A) Tab stop box
B) Left Indent
C) Right Indent
D) Center Indent
E) All of them are available on ruler
28
...
Which file starts MS Word?
A) Winword
...
exe
C) Msword
...
exe
30
...
If you want to keep track of different editions
of a document which features will you use?
A) Editions
B) Versions
C) Track Change
D) All of above
32
...
What is a portion of a document in which you
set certain page formatting options?
A) Page
B) Document
C) Section
D) Page Setup
B) Margin that is added to right margin when
printing
C) Margin that is added to the binding side of page
when printing
D) Margin that is added to the outside of the page
when printing
38
...
If you need to change the typeface of a
document, which menu will you choose?
A) Edit
B) View
C) Format
D) Tools
40
...
What happens when you click on Insert >>
Picture >> Clip Art
A) It inserts a clipart picture into document
B) It lets you choose clipart to insert into document
C) It opens Clip Art taskbar
D) None of above
42
...
Borders can be applied to
A) Cells
B) Paragraph
C) Text
D) All of above
43
...
Which of the following is not a type of page
margin?
A) Left
B) Right
C) Center
D) Top
44
...
What is the default left margin in Word 2003
document?
A) 1"
B) 1
...
5" D) 2"
45
...
What is gutter margin?
A) Margin that is added to the left margin when
printing
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...
How can you
do that?
A) From format menu choose bullets and Numbering
and configure necessary setting
B) From Insert menu choose Page Number and
specify necessary setting
C) Click on Page Number Format tool and specify
required setting
D) All of above
47
...
Where can you change the vertical alignment?
A) Formatting toolbar
B) Paragraph dialog box
C) Page Setup dialog box
D) Standard toolbar
49
...
A) Insert
B) Format
C) Tools
D) Table
50
...
When assigning a shortcut key to a symbol,
you should always try to select a key or key
combination that is:
A) unassigned
B) Located on the ten-key pad section of your
keyboard
...
D) From the same font family as the symbol
...
Suppose you wanted to create an AutoCorrect
entry that would type the words ‘We regret to
inform you that your submission has been
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declined’ Of the following choices, which would
be the best name you could assign to this entry?
A) Regret
B) Subdual
C) We regret to inform you that your submission has
been declined
D) 11
53
...
Then, select the text or symbol and go
to the AutoCorrect dialog box
...
Then, click the Insert menu and choose
Symbol (or click the Format menu and choose
Paragraph) to add the symbol or paragraph to
AutoCorrect
...
It is not possible to convert a symbol or multiple
lines of text into an AutoCorrect entry
...
Then, select the text or symbol and
click the Edit menu followed by Paste Special
...
54
...
A) Short, repetitive
B) Grammatically incorrect
C) Misspelled
D) None of the above
55
...
If you will be displaying or printing your
document on another computer, you’ll want to
make sure and select the _____________ option under
the ‘Save’ tab
...
In Word, the mailing list is known as the
____________
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careerpower
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sscadda
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Which of the following is not one of the three
‘Mail Merge Helper’ steps?
A) Merge the two files
B) Create the main document
C) Set the mailing list parameters
D) Create the data source
59
...
It is possible to _______ a data source before
performing a merge
...
What is the default font size of a new Word
document based on Normal template?
A) 10 pt
B) 12 pt
C) 14 pt
D) None of above
62
...
Which tab in Font dialog box contains options
to apply font effects?
A) Font tab
B) Character Spacing
C) Text Effects
D) Standard Toolbar
64
...
Open
Underline Style and choose Double Underline
B) From Format menu choose Font option and then
from Font tab open Underline Style and select Double
Underline
C) Select the text then choose Format >> Font and on
Font tab open Underline Style and choose Double
Underline
D) Click double underline tool on formatting toolbar
65
...
How can you access the font size tool on
formatting toolbar?
A) Ctrl + S
B) Ctrl + Shift + S
C) Ctrl + P
D) Ctrl + Shift + P
68
...
What does Ctrl + = key effect?
A) Superscript
B) Subscript
C) All Caps
D) Shadow
70
...
B) The text is hidden and you need to bring it by
removing the check box if needed again
C) The text is deleted and cannot be returned back
D) The text is hidden and cannot be returned back
71
...
Which of the following line spacing is invalid?
A) Single
B) Double
C) Triple
D) Multiple
73
...
Then type
the new text again
...
What is the short cut key to open Font dialog
box?
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B) Copy the text and click on Paste Special tool on
new place
C) Select the text then click on Format Painter and
select the new text
D) All of above
74
...
On which toolbar can you find Format Painter
tool?
A) Standard toolbar B) Formatting toolbar
C) Drawing Toolbar D) Picture Toolbar
76
...
How can you remove tab stop markers from
ruler?
A) Double click the tab marker and choose Clear All
B) Drag the tab stop marker out of the ruler
C) Right click the tab stop marker and choose remove
D) All of above
78
...
What is the extension of Word files?
A) FIL
B) DOT
C) DOC
D) TXT
80
...
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It is a network of networks that consists of
millions of private, public, academic, business,
and government networks, of local to global
scope, that are linked by a broad array of
electronic, wireless, and optical networking
technologies
...
A Website, is a set of related web pages served
from a single web domain
...
A home page usually refers
to:
The initial or main web page of a website,
sometimes called the "front page" (by analogy
with newspapers)
...
sscadda
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This 'start
page' can be a website or it can be a page with
various browser functions such as the visual
display of websites that are often visited in
the web browser
...
The user can
specify the URL of the page to be loaded, or
alternatively choose e
...
to re-load the most
recent web page browsed
...
A Hyperlink is a reference to data that the reader
can directly follow either by clicking or by hovering
or that is followed automatically
A web browser (commonly referred to as a
browser) is a software application for retrieving,
presenting and traversing information resources on
the World Wide Web
...
In most web browsers, the
URL of a web page is displayed on top inside an
address bar
...
bankersadda
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Downloading means to receive data to a local
system from a remote system, or to initiate such a
data transfer
Uploading refers to the sending of data from a local
system to a remote system such as a server or
another client with the intent that the remote
system should store a copy of the data being
transferred
An Internet Protocol address (also known as an
IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each
device (e
...
, computer, printer) participating in a
computer network
...
It is a unique address for every
computer
...
One or more files can be
attached to any email message, and be sent along
with it to the recipient
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The list of CCed recipients is
visible to all other recipients of the message
...
The first email was sent by Ray Tomlinson to
himself in 1971
...
Data is
transferred through a pathway called as
communication channel which can be physical wire
connecting the devices or may be unguided media
like laser, microwave etc
...
The source
of data origination is single but there may be
multiple receivers
...
e
...
For eg
...
Half
duplex:In
this
communication
is
bidirectional
...
For eg
...
Full Duplex: Here also communication is in both
directions and both the devices can
simultaneously transmit the data
...
Telephone conversation
...
A LAN (local area network) is a group of computers
and network devices connected together, usually
within the same building
...
g
...
A MAN (metropolitan area network) is a larger
network that usually spans several buildings in the
same city or town
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A WAN connects several LANs, and
may be limited to an enterprise (a corporation or an
organization) or accessible to the public
...
The Internet is an example of a worldwide public
WAN
...
It uses physical
addresses of the packets for this decision
...
A bridge uses
Spanning tree Algorithm for data transmission so as
to avoid loops in the network
...
It is used to connect computers for
communication via telephone lines
...
It just acts like
a connector of several computers i
...
simply
connects all the devices on its ports together
...
Switch: It works at the Data Link Layer
...
It provides filtering of data packets and prevents
network traffic also
...
It is
used to amplify a signal that has lost its original
strength so as to enable them to travel long
distances
...
It does not have
filtering capacity i
...
all data including noise is
amplified and passed on in the network so don’t
help in reducing network traffic
...
It sends the data
packets to desired destination by choosing the best
path available thus reducing network traffic
...
Availability of path and
cost of transmission decide sending of data over
that path
...
Gateway: It operates in all the layers of the
network architecture
...
It
converts the data packets in form that is suitable to
the destination application
...
Bridge: They are used two connect two LANs with
the same standard but using different types of
cables
...
bankersadda
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A computer
virus has the capacity to corrupt or to delete data on
your computer and it can utilize an e-mail program
to spread the virus to other computer systems
...
The purpose of it is to
disrupt the operation of the computer or the
program
...
stealth viruses, worms, malware
(malicious software), Disk Killer, Stone virus,
Sunday, Cascade, Nuclear, Word Concept, etc
...
It can appear in the form
of executable code, scripts, active content, and other
software
...
Some of the famous
anti – viruses available are Avast!, Norton, Avira,
Kaspersky, AVG, etc
...
Authorization is the function of specifying access
rights to resources related to information security
and computer security in general and to access
control in particular
...
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Authentication is the act of confirming the truth of
an attribute of a single piece of data or entity
...
In other words, Authentication
often involves verifying the validity of at least one
form of identification
...
A Spoofing attack is a situation in which one
person or program successfully represents oneself
as another by falsifying data and thereby gaining an
illegitimate advantage
...
The model is a product of the
Open Systems Interconnection project at the
International Organization for Standardization
(ISO)
...
) of a computer
network
...
Physical topology is the placement of the various
components of a network, including device
location and cable installation, while logical
topology illustrates how data flows within a
network, regardless of its physical design
...
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Most logic gates have two inputs
and one output
...
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DBMS is a collection of interrelated data
and a set of programs to access this data in a
convenient and efficient way
...
Architecture
of
DBMS-The
generalized
architecture of DBMS is called ANSI/ SPARC model
...
This includes only
those portions of database of concern to a user or
Application program
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Conceptual view/Logical Level- All the database
entities and the relationship among them are
included
...
Internal view/Physical Level- It is the lowest level
of abstraction, closest to the physical storage
method
...
It is represented by internal
schema
...
The model represents data conceptually,
the way the user sees it, rather than how computers
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Entity – Relationship Model
Relational Model
Entity:A thing (animate or inanimate) of
independent physical or conceptual existence and
distinguishable
...
Attributes
Each entity is described by a set of
attributes/properties
...
Composite Attributes: having several
components
in
the
value
...
Example:
Age depends on Date of Birth
...
Single-valued: having only one value rather
than a set of values
...
Multi-valued: having a set of values rather
than a single value, for instance, Courses
Enrolled attribute for student Email Address
attribute for student Previous Degree attribute
for student
...
FULL FORMS & ABBREVIATIONS
TCP
FTP
TFTP
SFTP
SMTP
HTTP
HTTPS
UDP
ARP
Tel Net
POP3
BGP
P2P
Transmission Control Protocol
File Transfer Protocol
Trivial File Transfer Protocol
Secure File Transfer Protocol
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure
User Datagram Protocol
Address Resolution Protocol
Telecommunication Networking
Post Office Protocol Version3
Border Gateway Protocol
Point to Point Protocol
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PPP
Peer to Peer Protocol
IP
Internet Protocol
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
NTP
Network Time Protocol
SIP
Session Initiation Protocol
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
VOIP
Voice Are Internet Protocol
IMAP4
Internet Message Access Protocol
Version 4
RARP
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
SSH
Secure Shell
MIME
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension
SMIME
Secure Mime
ALGOL
Algorithmic Language
ANSI
American National Standard Institute
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AS
Autonomous System
BASIC
Beginners All Purpose Symbolic
Instruction Code
BIOS
Basic input Output System
BPS
Bit Per Second
DNS
Domain Name Server
EDI
Electronic Data Interchange
URL
Uniform Resource Locator
GIF
Graphics Interchange Format
ASCII
American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP
Active Sever Pages
BCC
Blind Carbon Copy
CAD
Computer Aided Design
CDMA
Code Durian Multiple Access
GSM
Global
System
for
Mobile
Communication
CMOS
Complementary Metal Oxide Semi
Conductor
CMYK
Cyan Magenta Yellow Block
GPS
Global Positioning System
GUI
Graphical User Interface
HDMI
High Definition Multimedia Interface
GIGO
Garbage in Garbage Out
LIFO
Last In First Out
FIFO
First In First Out
PING
Pocket Internet Gopher
HDD
Hard Disc Drive
NIC
Network Interface Controller/Cord
HDTV
High Definition Television
ISP
Internet Service Provider
JPEG
Joint Picture Expert Group
LCD
Liquid Crystal Display
LED
Light Emitting Diode
TFT
Thin Film Transistor
CRT
Cathode Ray Tube
MIDI
Musical Instrument Digital Interface
MPEG
Moving Picture Expert Group
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PDA
SQL
USB
VIRUS
VOIP
IVR
WIFI
WIMAX
Personal Digital Assistants
Portable Document Format
Structured Query Language
Universal Serial Bus
Vital Information Resource Under Sieze
Voice Over Internet Protocol
Interactive Voice Response
Wireless fidelity
Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access
ADSL
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
API
Application Program Interface
ARP
Address Resolution Protocol
RARP
Reverse ARP
ICANN
Internet Corporation of Assign Names
& Numbers
DPI
Data Per Inch
DSL
Digital Subscriber Line
FAT
File Allocation Table
MANET
Mobile Ad-Hoc Network
MIPS
Million Instruction Per Second
BIPS
Billion Instruction Per Second
TIPS
Trillion Instruction Per Second
NAT
Network Address Translation
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronic
Engineer
IMAP
Internet Message Access Protocol
ISDN
Integrated Servers Digital Network
ISO
International
Standard
Organization/International Org for Standardization
DHTML
Dynamic Hyper Text Markup Language
MAC
Media Access Control
CAN
Campus Area Network
PAN
Personal Area Network
SAN
Storage Area Network
CNM
Calculatory Network Mode
IPV4
Internet Protocol Version 4
IPV6
Internet Protocol Version 6
DBMS
Data Base Management System
MODEN
Modulator Demodulator
RAM
Random Access Memory
ROM
Read Only Memory
SMPS
Switch Mode Power Supply
OMR
Optical Mark Reader / Recognition
OCR
Optical Character Reader / Recognition
BCR
Bar Code Reader
MICR
Magnetic Ink Character Reader /
Recognition
PCB
Printer Circuit Board
SRAM
Static Ram
DRAM
Dynamic Ram
PROM
Programmable Rom
EPROM
Electrically Prom
EEPROM
Electrically Erasable Prom
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HDD
FDD
CD
DVD
BRD
HVD
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Hard Disc Drive
Floppy Disc Drive
Compact Disc
Digital Video/Versatile Disc
Blue Ray Disc
Holographic Versatile Disc
GLOSSARY
A
Access time - The amount of time it takes for
requested information to be delivered from disks
and memory
...
Artificial intelligence (AI) - Computer systems
that attempt to imitate human processes for
analyzing and solving problems
...
B
BIT - It is basic unit of computers
...
BYTE - Combination of 8 Bits
...
It provides a abstraction layer for the
hardware, i
...
, a consistent way for application
programs and operating system to interact with
input/output devices
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Bus - A pathway along which electronic signals
travel between the components of a computer
system
...
Crash - Your computer or application no longer
works correctly and so you “loose” all the work
you’ve done since the last time you saved
...
Cache - It is a memory storage area that keeps
frequent use data readily available to the computer
so that the computer does not retrieve them from
slow storage devices
...
High clock speed is synonymous
with high processing capability
...
Column - A vertical block of cells in a table or
spreadsheet
...
Debugging - Locating and eliminating defects in a
program
...
Dots Per Inch (DPI) - It is defined as the measure
of the resolution of a printer and scanner, or
monitor
...
E
Edit - To make certain changes in existing data
...
F
Fax - A shortened form of the word facsimile
...
File transfer protocol (FTP) - A set of guidelines
or standards that establish the format in which files
can be transmitted from one computer to another
...
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Flash Memory - It is a type of non-volatile
computer storage chip that can be electrically
erased and reprogrammed
...
G
Gateway - A machine that links two networks using
different protocols
...
One gigabyte represents 1024
megabytes
...
Gopher - A protocol used for locating and
transferring information on the internet
...
GUI - Graphical User Interface uses icons and
menus to carry out commands such as opening files,
delete files, move files etc
...
H
Hard copy - Text or graphics printed on paper; also
called a printout
...
Hyperlink - An image or portion of text on a
webpage which is linked to another webpage
...
Header - Repetitive information that appears at the
top (the head) of every page of a document
...
Instant messaging (IM) - A chat program that lets
people communicate over the Internet in real time
...
Internet service provider (ISP) - An organization
that provides access to the Internet for a fee
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Firewalls prevent outsiders from gaining access
to an organization’s intranet
J
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
...
Justification - Aligning lines of text at the left
margin, the right margin, both margins, or the
centre
...
K
Keyboard - The device used to enter information
into a computer
...
One kilobyte represents 1024 bytes
...
Laptop computer - A portable computer
...
Landscape Orientation – The positioning of the
page so that the information is printed across the
long dimension of the page
...
M
Macro virus - A type of virus that attaches itself to
documents or word processing templates
...
Memory - The part of a computer that stores
information
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Mass Storage - Storage systems that provide access
to hundreds of billions of bytes of stored data
...
MIPS - An acronym derived from millions of
instructions per second
...
Morphing - The transformation of one image into
another image
...
Mozilla - a web browser and successor to Netscape
Communicator
...
N
NIBBLE - Combination of four bits
...
They are of three types i
...
LAN, MAN, WAN
...
Node - A computer which is attached to the
network
...
O
Offline - Refers to the state in which a computer is
temporarily or permanently unable to communicate
with another computer
...
Open source software - Software that makes the
underlying source code available to all users at no
charge
...
P
Palmtop computer - A portable computer smaller
than a notebook (or laptop) computer that fits on
the palm of your hand
...
Password - A user’s secret identification code,
required to access stored material
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Piracy - The illegal copying of software or other
creative works
...
Phishing - A type of computer fraud that tries to
trick users into revealing their passwords and other
confidential information
...
The smaller the pixels, the higher the resolution
...
Protocol - A set of rules and regulations that
coordinates the exchange of information over the
network
...
Q
Query - An alternate pipe form of operating system,
which handles data in the form of messages rather
than bytes
...
R
Response time - The time a computer takes to
execute a command
...
Record - A collection of all the information
pertaining to a particular subject
...
Resolution - Measurement of the degree of
sharpness of a displayed image
...
Register - A temporary storage unit for quick,
direct accessibility of a small amount of data for
processing
...
Save - Tell the computer to create a file on disk that
has the information you’ve put into the document
...
Shut down - To quit all applications and turn off the
computer
...
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Scanner - An input device that can copy a printed
page into a computer’s memory, thus doing away
with the need to type the copy
...
Server - A computer that manages a shared
resource and provides a set of shared user services
to the clients
...
Spam - Unwanted repetitious messages, such as
unsolicited bulk e-mail
...
Sort - To arrange fields, records, or files in a
predetermined sequence
...
T
Trash - Place where you put files and folders that
you want to delete or get rid of
...
Track - A ring on a disk where data can be written
...
Touchpad - The device on a laptop computer that
takes the place of a mouse
...
U
Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) - A Battery
powered backup system that provides enough
electricity to a computer during a power outage so
that a user can save files before shutting down the
computer
...
Upload - To transfer information from a client
computer to a host computer
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W
WAP - Wireless Application Protocol is a
specification for a set of communication protocol
used to allow wireless devices to access the internet
and other utilities
...
The most common Web browsers now in use are
Internet Explorer, Google Chrome and Mozilla
Firefox
...
Wi-Fi (Wireless fidelity) - A process that permits
high-speed wireless transmission of data
...
Workstation - A desktop computer that runs
applications and serves as an access point in a local
area network
...
OS X Yosemite is the latest version of the Apple Mac
Operating System (Next will be OS X El Capitan)
List of some famous E-Commerce Website :
Paytm (India's Largest mobile commerce platform
...
Windows 10: Windows 10 launched globally on
29th July
...
It is yet to be released for
Mobile
...
0 MARSHMALLOW : Latest version of
the android software released
Google Nexus 6 will be manufactured by Huawei
Microsoft has officially released a beta version of its
Cortana app for Android for anyone to download
and install
...
Windows versions of Cortana support
the ‘Hey Cortana’ voice feature
...
!!
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