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Division of City School
Olongapo City National High School
Special Science Class
Olongapo City
Talagon as Cardboard Food Packaging
Talahib( Saccharum spontaneum L
...
Merlita Alferos
II-4 SSC (Molave)
SY
...
i
Acknowledgement …………………………………………
...
2
Statement of the Hypothesis ………………………………………
...
3
Significance of the study ……………………………………………………
...
5
Chapter 2- Review of Related Literature and Studies
Related Literature ………………………………………………………………
...
9
Relation of Previous Study to the Present Study………………………………
...
12
Research Design ………………………………………………………………
...
13
Statistical Treatment ……………………………………………………………
...
17
1
Chapter I
Introduction
Background of the study
Non-biodegradable waste is a major concern everywhere in the world
...
To lessen this environmental problem, one logical solution is to use biodegradable
materials or recyclable ones in making food packaging
...
This material can be recycled over and over again
...
This also spells trouble for the already depleted
forest
...
This alternative
uses cogon grass (Imperata cylindrical) and talahib leaves (Saccharum spontaneum L
...
Cogon grass and talahib is found abundantly in many
places and is sometimes considered a nuisance
...
And talahib leaves, also one of the main
ingredients that have oil that is needed in the cardboard food packaging
...
Sub-Problem:
1) Is there a significant difference between the cardboard made of “Talagon” and the
commercial cardboard food packaging in terms of:
a) Durability/Breaking stress
b) Reaction to acid and base
c) Water absorbency
d) Tensile strength
2) Which among the ratio of Talagon cardboard is the most effective ingredient in food
packaging?
Statement of the Hypothesis
Ho: There is no significant difference between the cardboard made of “Talagon” and the
commercial cardboard food Package in terms of:
a) Breaking stress
3
b) Reaction to acid and base
c) Water absorbency
d) Tensile strength
Research Paradigm
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Amount of Talahib leaves of
strong fibers
Amount of Cogon Grass
extracts of starch
The quality Talagon cardboard
in terms of:
a
...
) Absorbency
c
...
) Tensile strength
(Ratios)
1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 2:3, 3:2
Intervening Variable
Shape and size of the cardboard
4
Significance of the Study
Hopefully this study will eventually help to lessen the use of plastic and styrofoams by
using Talahib and cogon grass as a replacement of plastic
...
Scope and Limitation of the study
This study is to make a cardboard with the use of talahib and cogon grass (Talagon)
with the ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 2:3 and 3:2
...
It will be prepared in five different treatments having three trials
...
This study will be held at Olongapo City National High School (OCNHS)
and will be conducted in Year 2012-2013
...
It’s
pulp is needed for making the cardboard
...
Talahib leaves are needed for holding the cardboard
...
It is to test the
absorbency and for reducing its absorbency
Muriatic Acid- hydrochloric acid that will be needed to test the cardboard’s reaction to
acid and base
...
Starch- a substance of cogon grass that is needed for making the cardboard
...
A component to be mixed with the powder of the gelatin to test the absorbency of
the cardboard
...
And also an equipment
to test the tensil strength of the cardboard
...
And also an
equipment to test
...
5 meters
...
5 to 1 meter long, 6
to 15 mm wide
...
Spikelets are about
3
...
Occurs
from India to Southern china and through Malaya to Polynesia
...
In the Philippines decoction of the roots
...
Decoction
of roots use for fever
...
In Pakistan, used as a laxative,phthisis, burning
sensations and disease of the blood
...
In Siddha, the whole plant is use for
diseases of vatam andpittam, vomiting and various abdominal disorders, mental
diseases,dyspnea, anemia and obesity
...
7
According to Wikipedia(February 3 , 2011) , Cogon Grass (ImperataCylindrica )
commonly known as blady grass , Cogon Grass or Japanese Blood Grass , is a species of
grass in the genus imperata
...
5 meters tall and to 2 centimeters wide
(Glabel , 1982 ; Lippincott , 1997; Langeland and Burks , 1998)
...
,1997; Bryson and
Carter, 1993)
...
,1997; Langeland and Burks, 1998)
...
5
centimeters Langeland and Burks, 1998)
...
8
millimeters length
...
According to Wikipedia the free encyclopedia, cardboard may refer to: Cardboard
paper (paper product) the generic term for a heavy-duty paper
...
Paper board, a paper based material often use folding cartons, set-up boxes,
carded packing, etc
...
)The cardboards, a Pittsburgh Penslyvana band of
8
1970’s and 1980’s cardboard record, a type of cheaply made phonograph record made of
plastic- coated thin paper board
...
It requires protection, tampering resistance,
and special physical, chemical, or biological needs
...
Packaging has
several objectives:
Physical protection: A barrier from oxygen, water vapor, dust, etc
...
Permeation is a critical factoring design
...
Modified atmosphere or controlled atmosphere are
also maintained in some food packages keeping the contents clean, fresh and safe for the
intended shelf life are a primary function
...
Powders and granular materials need containment
...
Some types of information are required by
governments
...
They include the “true grasses”, of the Poaceae (or Gramineae) family as well as
the sedges (Cyperaceae) and the rushes (Juncaceae)
...
Sedges include many wild marsh
9
and grassland plants, and some cultivated ones such as water chestnut (Eleocharisdulcis)
and papyrus sedge (Cyprus papyrus)
...
According to (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2007) starch or amylum is a
carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds
...
It is the most
common carbohydrate in the human diet and is contained in large amounts in such staple
foods as potatoes, wheat, maize (corn), rice, and cassava
...
It consists of two types
of molecules: the linear and helical amylose and the branched amylopectin
...
[1] Glycogen, the glucose store of animals, is a more branched version of
amylopectin
...
To lessen the used
of trees and participate in various movements advocating the prevention of excessive
logging and use of non- biodegradable food containers, talahib leaves was studied in this
research project
...
All substances added to the
10
crushed talahib leaves including the mount of talahib leaves in three set-ups were the
parameters except for the amount of paste from newspaper which was varied in each setup
...
The tensil strength was then tested in two
ways, first by the use of force measurer which was attached to the cardboard pulled
...
The second one was the load that could be carried by the cardboard container
...
The same was done to the
commercial egg tray
...
Based from the result of the
study, it was found out that talahib leaves as cardboard food packaging is feasible and
stronger than commercial egg tray
...
On the study conducted by Jerome Bodionganon et al (2003), on the feasibility of
solid polystyrene coated paper as a substitute for packaging concluded, polystyrene
coated paper is proven to have a greater breaking strength, does not react when subjected
to basic and acidic solution, but shows no significant difference in water absorbency
...
The
researchers also recommended that the polystyrene coated paper was suitable for
11
packaging
...
Relation of the Previous Studies and Present Study
The relation of the previous study to our present study today is they’re both for food
packaging and also to reduce the non- biodegradable waste who is a major concern
everywhere in the world
...
12
Chapter 3
Methodology
Materials and Equipment
To make this study possible some materials must be gathered
...
The researchers will
also need water for the extraction of the cogon and talahib grass
...
The
researchers need bowls to put the products and treatments
...
Research Method
I
...
The samples that will
be produce will undergo some treatments
...
By measuring the tensile strength,
absorbency, its reaction to acid and base, and breaking stress
...
Sampling Design
The researchers choose to go with the stratified sampling for this study
...
The researchers and some cardboard food
packager will only be the ones who will pick among the products
...
Gathering Materials
The researchers will get the talahib and the cogon grass at the researcher’s house
...
The gelatin will be bought at the grocery
store
...
Preparation of the Talagon food packaging
The cogon grass and talahib leaves will be cut crushed and boiled separately in order
to get the extracts with starch in the cogon grass
...
The cogon grass starch and the talahib leaves
will be mixed and then folded with newspaper
...
1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 2:3, and 3:2
...
Bio Assay
The extracts of cogon grass (Imperata cylindrical) and the talahib fibers (Saccharum
spontaneum L
...
It could also
determine if there is a chemical content that could affect the food we are going to put in
the cardboard food packaging
...
Testing of the alternative product
The process where in the researchers will find if the Talagon food packaging is
effective is to measure first the absorbency
...
Second is to measure the reaction of
the cardboard to acid and base
...
Third is to measure the Tensile strength
of the cardboard
...
First is by the use of force measurer which
is attached to the cardboard when pulled
...
The second is to measure the load that
could be carried by the cardboard container by the use of weighing scale
...
The cardboard will be placed
15
in high distance and then it will be dropped downward to see if it will break
...
The formula will be use is: X=∑x
N
Where:
X = mean
∑x = sum of packed food
N = number of cardboard packaging
samples
Two way ANOVA
This test will be use to determine the significant difference between Talagon as
Cardboard Food Packaging and other commercial food packaging
...
dost
...
ph/index
...
com/article/Biodegradable-Packaging-Study-Cogon-Grass-Cardboardfor-Food-Packaging/1576171/
http://www
...
org/pests/weeds/grasses/cogongrass
...
stuartxchange
...
html
http://en
...
org/wiki/Cardboard
science&Itemid=45
http://en
...
org/wiki/Food_packaging
ii
Acknowledgement
The researchers would like to express their greatest gratitude to the people who
helped and supported them throughout their project
...
Merlita Alferos for her continues support for the research from initial
advice and contacts in the early stage of conceptual inception through encouragement
through this day
...
To their parents for their individual support and interest which improved and
encouraged them to go on
...
The Researchers