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Title: Reptilian Anatomy and Physiology
Description: Points on the important aspects of reptile and amphibian anatomy
Description: Points on the important aspects of reptile and amphibian anatomy
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Reptiles & Amphibians Lecture 1
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Superclass: Tetrapoda
Class: Amphibia
Class: Reptilia
Orders: Anura, Caudata & Apoda
Orders: Testudines, Rhynchocephalia, Squamata &
Crocodilia
Amphibian Integument
• Dermal scales lost
...
Epidermis has incipient Stratum corneum
(conservation)
...
1
...
Frogs and toads
...
Caudata (Urodela): Elongated bodies, tails, smooth moist skin
...
3
...
Caecilians
...
• In water, evolved gills
...
External Gills= Highly branched and folded elaborations, provide large surface area for gas exchange
with water
...
In most aquatic invertebrates
& larval amphibians
...
Internal Gills= Depends on life stage/ paedomorphic traits
...
Very
fine filaments containing capillaries
...
Cutaneous Respiration:
• Amphibians do not have stratum corneum
...
Epidermis extremely permeable to
gases and water
...
Skin in smooth, moist, glandular
...
Moisture maintained via secretion of mucus
...
Pulmonary Respiration:
• Two nostrils connected directly with the mouth cavity
...
Floor of
mouth is raised; air is forced into the lungs
...
9% of respiration
...
Lungs: Internal thin-walled cavities for gas exchange
...
Elastic, connected to mouth via
glottis
...
Nasal cavities
...
• Glottis= base of tongue
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Trachea= not all reptiles have c shaped cartilage, some have whole circle of cartilage
...
Bronchi= some have bifurcation, some don’t
...
No alveoli, and most do not have a diaphragm
...
Episodical= periods of apnoea and periods of breathing
...
Highly vascularised and septa= hexagonal spaces
...
• 2 atria- right receives deoxygenated blood, left receives oxygenated
...
May stop sending blood to lungs when not breathing)
Double circulation
Urogenital System- Amphibians
• Kidneys: Metanephros is the permanent kidney in reptiles
...
• Excretory system closely associated with genital system in males, but separate in females
...
• Amphibians excrete ammonia, or urea on land
...
Urogenital System- Reptiles
• Paired metonephric kidneys
...
• Excrete non-soluable uric acid
...
• Paired internal gonads
...
• Crocs and turtles= single median structure i
...
phallus
• Lizards and snakes= hemipenes (internal when not in use)
• Mostly oviparous and bury eggs
...
Oviparous= egg laying
Viviparous= producing young alive, not in eggs
Ovoviviparouns= an egg with persistent membranes, which hatches in the maternal body
Parthenogenesis= Reproduction without fertilisation by male gamete (clones)
Title: Reptilian Anatomy and Physiology
Description: Points on the important aspects of reptile and amphibian anatomy
Description: Points on the important aspects of reptile and amphibian anatomy