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AMBER SHAW
3
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2
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2)

Triglycerides
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One glycerol molecule and three fatty acids
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o Fatty acids – Member of a group of molecules called carboxylic
acids
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o Both contain hydroxyl (OH) groups
§ OH groups interact – Condensation reaction forms three
H2O molecules and ester bonds between fatty acids and the
glycerol molecule – Esterification

Triglycerides: Saturated and Unsaturated
Saturated
Unsaturated
No double bonds present between the Double bonds between some of the
carbon atoms, all the carbon atoms
carbon atoms
form the maximum number of bonds
o Monounsaturated: One double
with hydrogen atoms
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Dairy and meat)
– Can lead to coronary heart disease

Double bonds – Cause molecule to kink
or bend – less compact – Liquid at
room temperature rather than solid
Liquid at room temperature
Found in plants-based sources (eg
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– Tend to be
healthier in the human diet than
saturated fats
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5 LIPIDS (SPEC REF
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1
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Breakdown
Hydrolysis: Three water molecules need to be supplied to reverse the reaction
that formed the triglyceride
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5 LIPIDS (SPEC REF
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1
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• Diagram in textbook page 56
• Components of lung surfactants
Phospholipids: Bilayer
• Phosphate-choline ‘head’ (hydrophilic, polar) orientates itself towards any
aqueous medium
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o Cannot form hydrogen bonds with the aqueous medium – Non polar
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• Components of cell and organelle membranes
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5 LIPIDS (SPEC REF
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1
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Complec alcohol molecules based on a four carbon ring structure with a
hydroxyl group (OH) at one end
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o OH group – Polar, Hydrohphilic
o Rest of the molecule – Non-polar, hydrophobic

Eg
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• Important role in the formation of cell membranes
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o Gives stability to the cell membrane
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Functions
1
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3
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Membrane formation and the creation of hydrophobic barriers
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Waterproofing – Eg
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Energy storage
2
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In penguins
3
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