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Title: World War I overview
Description: Got an exam tomorrow? This is a review sheet about World War I. It includes chain reactions and many significant events during the war.
Description: Got an exam tomorrow? This is a review sheet about World War I. It includes chain reactions and many significant events during the war.
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Review sheet: World War I
Emperor: a sovereign ruler of great power and rank, especially one ruling an empire
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- Emperor of Austria-Hungarian Empire didn't have a son made Archduke Franz Ferdinand
the heir to the Austrian-Hungarian throne
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- Archduke Franz Ferdinand was heir to the Austrian-Hungarian throne
- (June 28, 1914) a member (Gavrilo Princip) of the Black Hand Gang/Secret Society (Serbian
rebels) assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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- Russia decided to help Serbia against Austria-Hungary
- Germany decided to help Austria-Hungary defend itself against Russia
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- (August 03, 1914) Germany declared war on France and marched its army through Belgium to
attack the French
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- (August 14, 1914) seven European nations were at war
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Warzones: the use of ships to block other ships from entering an area (blockade)
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- Great Britain set up “warzones” in the Atlantic Ocean
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- Germany wanted to isolate Great Britain so they will receive no supplies and cannot trade
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Draft: A system for selecting young men for compulsory military service, administered in the United
States by the Selective Service System
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- 24 million men had been registered by local draft boards, with over 4 million serving in the
armed forces
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Selective Service drafts: requires male ages 21-35 to service in the armed forces
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Standstill: a situation or condition in which there is no movement or activity at all // something not
changing or improving
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U-boat: a German submarine used in World War I or World War II
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Others
include: Serbia, Belgium, Italy and Japan Japan wanted to gain control of Germany’s Pacific
colonies after the war
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- Great Britain didn't join alliances with France and Russia immediately
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Central Powers: (Triple Alliance) Germany and Austria-Hungary (Italy) allies: Ottoman Empire and
Bulgaria
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- Italy joined later, forming the Triple Alliance Italy remained neutral in the early stages of the
war but then broke its former alliances with Germany and Austria-Hungary to join the Allied
Powers
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- German U-Boats sunk the Lusitania off the coast of Ireland
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- 128 Americans were killed
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- penned by German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmermann
- Germany to Mexico
- Germany wanted Mexico to attack the U
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- Mexico would receive - Arizona, Texas and New Mexico
- Intercepted by Great Britain and given to the United States
- (January, 1917) British cryptographers deciphered the telegram
Liberty bond (war bond): consists of debt securities issued by a government for the purpose of
financing military operations during times of war
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// Wanted Bosnia to be independent and join Serbia
Sedition Act (1918): made it a crime to criticize the U
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government and/or undermine its war effort
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S
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Isolationist sentiment was strong in the U
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prior to American intervention in the war, and not everyone approved of American boys being sent
overseas to fight the 'Europeans' war
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S
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The Sedition Act of 1918 violated the first amendment of the Bill of Rights, freedom of speech
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By
making it a crime to express a political views about the government or the war, the Sedition Act of
1918 greatly extended the scope of the Espionage Act
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Essentially, the government was willing to temporarily suspend
constitutional rights due to the perceived perils associated with wartime
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Trench warfare: soldiers dug holes in the ground to hold a position and protect themselves // a type
of combat in which opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other
...
-
Example: when you run out of bullets so you stick a blade in the rifle and stab people to
protect yourself :)
Reparation: the making of amends for a wrong one has done, by paying money to or otherwise
helping those who have been wronged
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Armistice: an agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce -
break in war to talk peace
- Signed on November 11, 1918 (at the 11th hour)
- Food was so scarce in Germany that more than 800 German civilians were dying of
starvation every day, Germany was also running out of soldiers
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Countries were competing for trade
2
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Small countries wanted their independence
4
...
S
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- American companies could sell war supplies to fighting countries
- Hundreds of ships from America crossed the Atlantic Ocean and carried war supplies to
France and Great Britain
- British navy tried to prevent Americans from trading with Germany through the use of war
zones
- Germany set up a war zone around the island of Great Britain to isolate them → no trade, no
food, no supplies
- Wilson feels the U
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has the right to have ‘freedom of the seas’
- (1916) Wilson was re-elected for a second term ”He kept us out of the war”
Wilson’s 14 points - (January 08, 1918) a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for
peace negotiations in order to end World War I
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S
...
S
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S → Great Britain -> similar culture, language, customs, democratic practices
United States during WWI -
- (start) United States wanted to remain neutral by not taking sides
- American companies started to sell war supplies to fighting countries (sent to France and
Great Britain)
- (May 07, 1915) Lusitania sank causing the death of over 1,200 people including 128 Americans
- (May 13, 1915) Wilson wrote a letter to protest to Germany (warning) → caused Germany’s
warzone to become less effective
...
S
...
S
...
S
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Pershing
- (July, 1918) Over 1 million U
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troops in Europe // blocked German ports using water mines
Doughboys - nickname for American Sailors in WW1
Reasons why the U
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declared war on Germany -
1
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Germany fired U
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ships in Atlantic
3
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American factories stopped production of consumer goods to make war supplies
2
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Government increased taxes and sold bonds to raise money for the war
4
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Pershing) commanded the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in Europe
during World War I
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S
...
S
...
S
...
S
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H
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- was split into two countries
- New countries: Poland (from Russia and Germany) // Czechoslovakia // Yugoslavia (Bosnia
and Serbia)
- Germany was blamed for WW1
- Forced to pay $33 billion in war reparations (damages)
- Took away German colonies in Africa, Asia, and the North Pacific (income)
Big Four: Allied Powers
- David Lloyd George: Leader of Great Britain at the end of World war I
- Georges Clemenceau: Leader of France at the end of World War I
- Vittorio Orlando: Leader of Italy at the end of World War I
- Woodrow Wilson: United States - Wilson didn’t want to punish the Central Powers // signed
the Treaty of Versailles for support for his League of Nations
Title: World War I overview
Description: Got an exam tomorrow? This is a review sheet about World War I. It includes chain reactions and many significant events during the war.
Description: Got an exam tomorrow? This is a review sheet about World War I. It includes chain reactions and many significant events during the war.