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1 - Muscles of the Back
Muscle

Innervation

Proximal
Attachment

Spinal Accessory
Nerve (XI)

Medial 1/3 Superior
Nuchal Line, Nuchal
Ligament, Spinous
Processes of C7-T12

Latissimus
Dorsi

Thoracodorsal
Nerve (C6, C7, C8)

Iliac Crest, Spinous
Processes of inferior 6
Thoracic vertebrae,
Inferior 3 or 4 ribs

Rhomboid
Minor

Dorsal Scapular
Nerve (C4, C5)

Spinous Processes of C7
& T1 vertebrae, Nuchal
ligament

Rhomboid
Major

Dorsal Scapular
Nerve (C4, C5)

Spinous Processes of T2
– T5 vertebrae

Levator
Scapulae

Dorsal Scapular
Nerve (C5) and
Cervical Nerves
(C3, C4)

Transverse processes of
C1-C4 vertebrae

Serratus
Posterior
Superior

2nd to 5th
Intercostal Nerves

Spinous Processes of C7T3
Nuchal Ligament,

Intermediate

Extrinsic

Superficial

Trapezius

Distal
Attachment

Lateral 1/3 of Clavicle, Acromion
of Scapula, Spine of Scapula

Intertubercular (Bicipital)
Groove of Humerus

Medial Border of Scapula from
Spine to Inferior Angle
Medial Border of Scapula from
Spine to Inferior Angle

Function
-Descending (superior) fibers: elevates
scapula
-Ascending (inferior) fibers: depresses
scapula
-Middle (or all parts together): retracts
the scapula
*Descending and ascending parts act
together to rotate GC superiorly
Extension of Head
-Arm/SJ extension (down)
-Arm/SJ ADDuction
-Medial Rotation of Arm/SJ
-(Climbing muscle)
-depress and downwardly rotate scapula
even though it is not directly attached
-Retract, elevate and downwardly rotate
scapula
-Retract, elevate and downwardly rotate
scapula

Superior angle of the Scapula

-Elevate and downwardly rotate Scapula
-Extension of head

Superior Border of Ribs 2-4

-Elevate ribs during forced inspiration
-combination of rib movements for
normal respiration
-Proprioception

Intermediate (Erector
Spinae)
Deep (Transversospinalis
Group)

Intrinsic (deep)

Superficial

Serratus
Posterior
Inferior

9th to 11th
Intercostal
Nerves, Subcostal
Nerve (T12)

Spinous Processes of T11
– L2

Inferior Border of Ribs 8-12

Splenius
Capitis

Dorsal Rami

Spinous Processes of C7
– T4, Nuchal Ligament

Mastoid Process, Superior
Nuchal Line of Skull

Splenius
Cervicis

Dorsal Rami

Spinous Processes of T3
– T6, Nuchal Ligament

Transverse Processes of C1 – C4

Spinalis

Dorsal Rami

Longissimus

Dorsal Rami

Iliocostalis

Dorsal Rami

Semispinalis
capitis,
vervicis,
thoracis

Lumbar and Thoracic
Spinous processes
Aponeurosis (tendon)
tethered to Iliac crest,
sacrum, sacroiliac
ligaments, and sacral
and lumbar Spinous
processes

Upper Thoracic Spinous
Processes
Ribs and Mastoid process of
Skull

Dorsal Rami

-Unilateral: lateral flexion of head and
neck, rotate head and neck
-Bilateral: Extension of head and neck

-Extension of vertebral column
-Extension of head
-unilateral: mediate rotation and lateral
flexion of the spine

Angles of Ribs and transverse
processes of cervical vertebrae
-Postural
-Extension of Head
-Postural
-Extension of Head

Multifidus
Rotatores
(Brevis and
Longus)

Muscle
Rectus Capitus
Posterior Major

-Depress ribs during forced expiration
-combination of rib movements for
normal respiration
-Proprioception

-Postural
-Proprioception
Attachments
Lateral Nuchal
Line

Occipital Triangle Muscles
Function
-Extends the head
-Rotates head to the same side (Ipsilateral rotation)

Misc
...

-Powerful lateral rotator of arm
-lateral rotator of arm
-assists in adduction
-primary medial rotator of arm and
adducts arm

4 - Muscles of the Arm
Muscles

Innervation

Attachments

Distal Attachment

Function

Brachialis

Musculocutaneous

Triceps Brachii

Musculocutaneous
Nerve
Radial Nerve

Anconeus

Radial Nerve

Posterior

Musculocutaneous
Nerve

Coracobrachialis

Anterior

Biceps Brachii

Long Head
-supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Short head
-coracoid process
-distal anterior humerus

-Coracoid process of scapula
Long head
-infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Medial head
-posterior humeral surface (inferior to
radial groove)
Lateral head
-posterior surface of the humerus
(superior to radial groove)
-Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

-Radial Tuberosity
-Deep fascia of forearm via bicipital
aponeurosis

-Supinate forearm
-Flexes supine forearm
-Does NOT attach to humerus

-Ulnar tuberosity and coronoid
process of the Ulna

-Main flexor of forearm in all
positions

Middle of humerus

-Flexes and adducts the arm
-Shunt muscle for GHJ
-Main extensor of the forearm
-Shunt muscles for glenohumeral
joint

Olecranon of the Ulna

Lateral surface of the olecranon
and the superior part of the
posterior aspect the of ulna

-Assists triceps in extending
forearm; stabilize elbow joint;
abduction during pronation

5 - Forearm Muscles: Anterior Compartment = Flexors/Pronators
Innervation
Median nerve

Distal Attachment
-lateral surface of Radius

Function
Pronates and flexes forearm at elbow

Flexor carpi radialis
*Palmaris longus

Median nerve
Median nerve

-2nd metacarpal
-Flexor retinaculum

Ulnar nerve

- olecranon process of ulna, Medial
epicondyle of humerus

-5th metacarpal, pisiform,
and hamate

Flex wrist and ABduct hand
Flexes hand at wrist and tighten palmar
aponeurosis; 40% don’t have; mist visibile when
wrist is flexed
...
The 4 fingers represent the superficial muscles (P/F/P/F) : pass fail pass fail
o pronator teres (most lateral, index finger)
o flexor carpi radialis (middle finger)
o Palmaris longus (ring finger)
o Flexor carpi ulnaris (most medial, pinky finger)

5 - Forearm Muscles: Posterior Compartment = Extensors/Supinators
Attachments
- Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus

Distal Attachment
-lateral surface of
distal end of Radius

Radial nerve

-Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus

Extensor carpi radialis
brevis

Deep radial nerve

- Lateral epicondyle

Extensor digitorum

Radial nerve

- Lateral epicondyle

Extensor digiti minimi

Radial nerve

- Lateral epicondyle

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Radial nerve

-Lateral epicondyle; posterior ulna

Supinator

Deep

Innervation
Radial nerve

Extensor carpi radialis
longus

Superficial

Muscles
Brachioradialis

Deep radial nerve

Extensor indicis

Radial nerve

-Lateral epicondyle; radial collateral and
annular ligaments, supinator fossa, supinator
crest
-posterior/distal ulna and interosseous

*ABDuctor Pollicis Longus

Radial nerve

-dorsal aspect of
base of 2nd
metacarpal
-dorsal aspect of the
Base of 3rd
metacarpal
-extensor expansions
of medial 4 digits
-extensor expansions
of 5th digit
-dorsal aspect of
Base of 5th
metacarpal
-lateral, posterior
and anterior surfaces
of proximal radius
-extensor expansion
of 2nd digit (index)
-Base of 1st
metacarpal

-posterior/proximal Ulna, radius and
interosseous membrane

Function
Weak flexor of the forearm at
elbow joint; maximal when
forearm is in mid-pronated
position
Extend and ABDuct hand at wrist

Extend and ABDuct hand at wrist

Extend wrist joint; Extend medial
4 digits
Extend wrist joint, Extend 5th
digit
Extend and ADDuct hand at wrist

Supinate forearm
Extend wrist joint; Extend 2nd
digit (index)
-Extend wrist, ABduct thumb,
extend thumb

*Extensor pollicis brevis

Radial nerve

-posterior/distal Radius and interosseous

*Extensor pollicis longus

Radial nerve

-posterior Ulna (and interosseous membrane?)

-dorsal aspect of
Base of 1st proximal
phalanx (thumb)
-dorsal aspect of
Base of distal 1st
phalanx (thumb)

-Extend wrist, Extend proximal
phalanx of thumb at
metacarpophalengeal joint
-Extend wrist, Extend distal
phalanx of thumb at IP joint

Tips for remembering posterior/extensor muscles
• can compare the muscles to the anterior/flexor muscles
o brachioradialis analog to pronator teres
o extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis are analog to flexor carpi radialis
o extensor digitorum and extensor digiti minimi are analog to Palmaris longus
o Extensor carpi ulnaris is an analog of flexor carpi ulnaris
• brachioradialis is the exception for the extensor muscles
...

BracioRadialis is a Beer Raising muscle – flexes elbow best when wrist is in beer holding orientation
• radialis will always abduct, ulnaris will always adduct
• pollicis = thumb

6 – Thenar Group
Muscles

Innervation

Attachments

Distal Attachment

Function

Abductor pollicus
brevis

Recurrent branch of
the
Median Nerve
Recurrent branch of
the
Median Nerve

-(flexor retinaculum and tuberacles of) scapoid
and trapezium

-base of proximal phalanx of
thumb

-ABDucts thumb
-Helps oppose it

-(flexor retinaculum and tuberacles of) scapoid
and trapezium

-base of proximal phalanx of
thumb

-Flexes thumb

Flexor pollicus brevis

Opponens pollicus

Recurrent branch of
the
Median nerve

-(flexor retinaculum and tuberacles of) scapoid
and trapezium

-lateral side of first metacarp

-Draws 1st metacarpal bone
medially to center of palm and
rotates it medially for opposition

6 – Hypothenar Group
Muscles
ABDuctor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi

Innervation
Deep branch of ulnar
nerve
Deep branch of ulnar
nerve
Deep branch of ulnar
nerve

Attachments
-pisiform

Distal Attachment
-proximal phalanx

-Flexor retinaculum (and hook of hamate)

-proximal phalanx

-flexor retinaculum (and hook of hamate)

-5th metacarpal

Function
-ABDucts digit 5
-Assists in flexion
-flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
-draws 5th metacarp anterior and rotates it
bringing digit 5 into opposition with thumb

6 - Hand Muscles
Muscles
Lumbricals 1 and 2

Innervation
Median nerve

Attachments
-lateral 2 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

Distal Attachment
-Lateral sides of digits

Lumbricals 3 and 4

Deep branch of
Ulnar nerve
Deep branch of
Ulnar nerve

-medial 3 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

-lateral sides of digits

-flex at metacarp-phalang joints and
extend interphalangeal joints

-medial side of base of
proximal phalanx of thumb

-ADDucts thumb towards middle digit

-extensor expansion and
bases of proximal phalanges
2-4
-Extensor expansions of
digits and bases of proximal
phalanges of digits 2,4,5

-ABDuct digit from axial line and act with
lumbricals to flex metacarp-phalang joint
-Extend interphalang joint

ADDuctor pollicis

Dorsal interossei

Deep branch of
Ulnar nerve

Palmar interossei

Deep branch of
Ulnar nerve

Oblique head:
-base of
and
metacarpal, capitate and adjacent carps
Transverse head:
-anterior surface of body of 3rd metacarpal
-adjacent 2 sides of 2 metacarpals
2nd

3rd

-Palmar surface of 2nd, 4th, 5th metacarpals

Function
-flex at metacarp-phalang joints and
extend interphalangeal joints

-ADDuct digit 2,4,5 toward axial line
-assist lumbricals in flexing metacarpphalang joint
-extend interphalang joint

[End of Exam 1 Muscles]

Facial Muscles
Muscles
Orbicularis oculi
(orbital sphincter)

Innervation
Facial Nerve
(CN VII)

PA
-medial orbital margin, medial palpebral
ligament; lacrimal bone

Orbicularis Oris
(oral sphincter)

Facial Nerve
(CN VII)

-fibers near medial plane of maxilla
superiorly and mandible inferiorly

DA
-skin around margin of orbit;
superior and inferior tarsi
(tarsal plates)
-mucus membrane of lips

Function
-close eyelids (palpebral part does so gently; orbital
part does so tightly – winking)
-assist flow of lacrimal fluid
-compresses and protrudes lips
-(i
...
purses them during whistling and sucking)
-Tonus closes mouth

Zygomaticus Major
Temporalis muscle

Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Mandibular division of
Trigeminal

-zygomatic arch
-Floor of temporal fossa and deep
surface of temporal fascia

Masseter muscle

Mandibular division of
Trigeminal

-inferior border and medial surface of
zygomatic arch

Lateral pterygoid

Mandibular division of
Trigeminal

Medial pterygoid

Mandibular division of
Trigeminal

Superior head:
-infratemporal surface and
infratemporal crest of greater wing of
sphenoid bone
Inferior head:
-lateral side of lateral pterygoid plate
Deep head:
-medial surface of lateral pterygoid
plate and pyramidal process of
palatine bone
Superficial
-tuberosity of maxilla
-procerus and corrugator supercilii
-galea aponeurotica

Frontalis of
Occipitofrontalis
(epicranius)
Occipitalis of
epicranius

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Depressor anguli
oris
Buccinator (cheek
muscle)

Terminal brances of
Facial nerve (CN VII)
Terminal brances of
Facial nerve (CN VII)

Platysma

Terminal brances of
Facial nerve (CN VII)

-superficial fascia over superior P
...


Eye Muscles

-Muscle of facial expression
-elevates mandible, closing jaw
-posterior fibers retract mandible after protrusion,
and lateral movement
-elevate and protrudes mandible (retrusion and
grinding), thus closing jaws
-deep fibers retrude it
Bilaterally:
-protracts mandible and depress chin
Unilaterally:
-swings jaw towards contralateral side (work
back and forth for lateral chewing/grinding)
Bilaterally:
elevate mandible, closing jaw, protrude mandible
Unilaterally:
-protrude side of jaw
Alternating Unilaterally:
-produce grinding motion
-Elevates eyebrows
-wrinkles forehead as in surprised
-draws back scalp
-raises eyebrows
-wrinkles forehead
-depresses angle of mouth
-antagonist of lavatory anguli oris, zygomaticus major
-aids chewing (works with tongue to keep food
between occlusal surfaces)
-expel air from mouth
-draws lower lip and corner of mouth inferolaterally
-partially opens mouth

-tilts head to one side, laterally;
-flexes neck and rotates it so face is turned superiorly
toward opp side acting together:
-2 muscles flex neck so chin is thrust forward

Muscles
Levator Palpebrae
superioris

Attachments
-lesser wing of sphenoid bone, superior
and anterior to optic canal

Superior rectus

Innervation
-Oculomotor nerve (CN
III)
-Postganglionic
sympathetic fibers
(autonomic NS)
Oculomotor (CN III)

Inferior Rectus

Oculomotor (CN III)

-Anulus of Zinn (body of spehenoid)

Medial rectus

Oculomotor (CN III)

-Anulus of Zinn (body of spehenoid)

Lateral Rectus

Abducent nerve (CN VI)

-Anulus of Zinn (body of spehenoid)

Superior oblique

Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

-Anulus of Zinn (body of spehenoid)

Inferior oblique

Oculomotor (CN III)

-Floor of orbit

-Anulus of Zinn (body of spehenoid)

Function
-raises superior eyelid

-skin and tarsal plate of
superior eyelid

-Sclera just posterior to
corneoscleral junction
-Sclera just posterior to
corneoscleral junction
-Sclera just posterior to
corneoscleral junction
-Sclera just posterior to
corneoscleral junction
-sclera, deep to superior
rectus
-sclera, deep to lateral rectus

-clinical abduction: elevates globe
-clinical abduction: depresses globe
-abductor
-adductor
-clinical adduction: depresses globe
-clinical adduction: elevates globe

Anterior Triangle of the Neck - Suprahyoid Muscles
Muscles
Digastric

Geniohyoid

Innervation
Anterior:
-Mylohyoid nerve
Posterior:
-Facial nerve
C1 ventral rami via
hypoglossal nerve (CN
XII)

PA
Anterior belly:
-digastric fossa of mandible
Posterior belly:
-mastoid notch of temporal bone
-inferior mental spine of mandible

DA
-intermediate tendon to
body and greater horn of
hyoid bone
-body of hyoid bone

Function
-depresses mandible
-raises hyoid bone and steadies it during
swallowing and speaking
-pulls hyoid bone anteriosuperiorly, shortens floor
of mouth, and widens pharynx

Mylohyoid

Mylohyoid nerve, a
branch of inferior
alveolar nerve of CN v3

-mylohyoid line of mandible

-mylohyoid raphe and body
of hyoid bone

-elevates hyoid bone, floor of mouth and tongue
during swallowing and speaking

Stylohyoid

Cervical branch of
facial nerve

-stylohyoid process of temporal bone

-body of hyoid bone

-elevates and retracts hyoid bone, thereby
elongating floor of mouth

Muscles
Sternohyoid

Innervation
Ansa Cervicalis

Omohyoid
Sternothyroid

Ansa Cervicalis
Ansa Cervicalis

Anterior Triangle of the Neck - Infrahyoid Muscles
PA
-manubrium of sternum
-medial end of clavicle
-superior border of scapula
-Posterior surface of manubrium of sternum

DA
-body of hyoid

-inferior border of hyoid
-Oblique line of thyroid
cartilage
Thyrohyoid
C1
-Oblique line of thyroid cartilage
-inferior border of body of
hyoid and greater horn of
hyoid
Lateral prevertebral muscles: scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior), splenius capitus, levator scapulae)

Function
-depresses hyoid after elevation during swallowing
-Depresses, retracts, and steadies hyoid
-Depresses hyoid and larynx
-depress hyoid and elevate larynx

Anterior Prevertebral Muscles of the Neck
Muscles
Longus Capitis

Innervation
C1-3 ventral Rami

SA
-basilar of occipital bone

Longus Colli

-C2-6 ventral rami

*Anterior tubercle of C1 (atlas); bodies of C1C3 and transverse processes of C3-C6

Rectus capitis
anterior

-branches of loop
between C1 and C2
spinal nerves

-base of cranium just anterior to occipital
condyle

+ rectus capitis lateralis?

IA
-anterior tubercles of C3-6
transverse processes
*Bodies of C5-T3;
transverse processes of C3C5
-anterior surface of C1

Function
-Flex neck
-Weak Flexor of neck

-flexes head

Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue
Muscles
Genioglossus

Innervation
Hypoglossal Nerve (CN
VII)

PA
-mental spine of mandible

Hyoglossus

Hypoglossal Nerve (CN
VII)
Hypoglossal Nerve (CN
VII)

-Body of hyoid

Styloglossus

Palatoglossus

Vagus (pharyngeal
plexus)

-Anterior border of distal styloid process
-Stylohyoid ligament
-Palatine aponeurosis of soft palate

DA
-entire dorsum of tongue
-inferior and posterior
fibers attach to hyoid
-Inferior aspect of lateral
part of tongue
-Sides of tongue posteriorly

Function
-bilaterally depress
-posterior part pulls tongue anteriorally for
protrusion
-Depresses tongue, especially pulling sides
inferiorly to shorten
-Retrudes tongue and curls its sides
-Helps to form central trough while swallowing

-Blends with intrinsic
transverse muscles

-Capable of elevating posterior tongue or
depressing soft palate

Intrinsic Muscles of the Tongue
Muscles

Innervation

PA

DA

Function

Superior
Longitudinal

Hypoglossal Nerve (CN
VII)

-submucosal fibrous layer and median fibrous
septum

-margins of tongue and
mucous membrane

Inferior longitudinal

Hypoglossal Nerve (CN
VII)

-Root of tongue and body of hyoid

-apex of tongue

Transverse

Hypoglossal Nerve (CN
VII)
Hypoglossal Nerve (CN
VII)

-median fibrous septum

-fibrous tissue at lateral
margins
-inferior surface of borders
of tongue

-curls tongue longitudinally upward
-elevate apex and sides
-shortens (retrudes) tongue
-curls tongue longitudinally downwards
-depresses apex
-shortens (retrudes) tongue
-narrows and elongates (protrudes) tongue

Vertical

-submucosal fibrous layer of dorsum of
tongue

-flattens and broadens tongue

Anterior and Middle Scalene Muscle
Muscles
Anterior scalene

Innervation
Cervical spine nerves
4,5,6

Middle scalene

Anterior rami of
cervical spinal nerves

Attachments
Superior fibers:
-anterior tubercles of transverse processes
of C3-7
-posterior tubercles of transverse processes
of C3-7

Inferior fibers:
1st rib
-superior surface of first rib

Function
-elevates first rib
-laterally and rotates neck
-elevates first rib
-laterally and rotates neck
-elevates first rib during forced inspiration

Oral Cavity and Pharynx (External Layer)
Muscles
Superior
Constrictor

Innervation
Vagus (recurrent
laryngeal)

Attachments
-Posterior end of mylohyoid line of mandible

Middle constrictor

Vagus (recurrent
laryngeal)

-Stylohyoid ligament and greater and lesser
horns of hyoid

Inferior constrictor

Vagus (recurrent
laryngeal)

-Oblique line of thyroid cartilage and side of
cricoid cartilage

Muscles
Palatopharyngeus

Innervation
-pharyngeal branch of
Vagus (CN X) and
pharyngeal plexus
-pharyngeal branch of
Vagus (CN X) and
pharyngeal plexus
-glossopharyngeal nerve
(CN IX)

Pharyngeal tubercle on
basilar part of occipital
bone
(Median) pharyngeal raphe
Cricopharyngeal part
encircles
pharyngesophageal junction
without forming a raphe

Function
-Constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing

-Constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing
-Constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing

Oral Cavity and Pharynx (Internal Layer)

Salpingopharyngeus
Stylopharyngeus

Attachments
-hard plate and palatine aponeurosis

-Cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube
-styloid process of temporal bone

-posterior thyroid cartilage
and side of pharynx/esoph
...

Some Say Marry Money But My Buddies Say Big Brains Matter More
...
Iliopsoas muscles (psoas major, minor and iliacus) perform flexing, too
...


Muscles
Gluteus Maximus

Gluteus Medius

Gluteus Minimus

Tensor of Fascia Lata
Superior and inferior
Gemellis

Quadratus Femoris

Muscles of Gluteal Region: Abductors and rotators of thigh
Innervation
Attachments
Inferior Gluteal nerve
-gluteal line, dorsal
(L5-S2)
sacrum and coccyx,
sacrotuberous ligament
-iliotubial tract, gluteal
tuberosity
superior Gluteal nerve
-ilium between gluteal
(L5-S1)
line
-greater trochanter of
femur
superior Gluteal nerve
-external ilium between
(L5-S1)
gluteal lines
-greater trochanter of
femur
superior Gluteal nerve
-ASIS, iliac crest
(L5-S1)
- iliotibial tract
Superior:
Superior:
Nerve to obturator
-ischial spine
internus
Inferior:
Inferior:
-Iscial tuberosity
Nerve to quadrates
Distal attachment:
Femoris
-Greater trochanter
Nerve to quadrates
-Ischical tuberosity
Femoris
-quadrate tubricle of
femur

-adducts thigh
-flexes leg
-helps rotate leg medially
-lateral rotator of thigh
-steady head of femur in acetabulum

Function
-extends thigh
-steadies thigh
-assists with lateral rotation and
rising from sitting position
-abduct and medial rotate thigh

-abduct and medial rotate thigh

-abduct and medial rotate thigh
-Laterally rotate extended thigh
-Abduct flexed thigh
-Steadies femoral head

-laterally rotates thigh
-steadies femoral head

Piriformis and obturator internus muscle

Muscles

Muscles of Posterior Thigh: Tibial division Sciatic (except short head biceps-common fib
...

Part itbia
Ischial tuberosity- post
...
Aspect head fibular, superior
¼ post surface fib, soleal line,
medial border tibia- calcaneal
tendon
Inf
...
Foot at ankle, raise
heel during walking, flex leg at
knee jt
...
/ base distal
phalanx great toe

Flexor digitorum
longus

Tibial Nerve

Tibialis posterior

Tibial nerve

Med
...
Tibia inf
...
bases of distal phalanges of lat
...
Arch
of foot

Tendons located posterior to medial malleolus: Tom, Dick, and A Very Nervous Harry
Tibialis posterior
flexor Digitorum longus
tibial Artery, tibial Vein, tibial Nerve
flexor Hallicus longus
Nerves of Lumbar Plexus:
Subcostal: T12
Ilioinguinal: L1

Weak assist plantarflex foot at
ankle/flex knee

Plantarflexes foot at ankle INVERTS
foot

Iliohypogastric- L1
Genitofemoral- L1-2
Lateral cutaneous nerve to thigh- L2-3
Femoral: L2-4
Obturator: L2-4
Lumbosacral trunk: L4-5
Motor Nerves of leg include: Anterior compartment thigh (Femoral)
Medial Adductors (Obturator) ex: pectineus obturator +femoral, adductor magnus obturator+ sciatic
Posterior compartment leg, hamstrings (Sciatic)
Anterior Leg (Deep Fibular)
Lateral Leg (Superficial Fibular)
Posterior Leg (Tibial)
Cutaneous Nerves of Leg: Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
Lateral sural cutaneous nerve (from common fibular nerve)
Medial sural cutaneous nerve (from tibial nerve)
Medial and Lateral Plantar nerves (from tibial nerve)
Saphenous nerve (from femoral nerve)
Motor Nerves of Lower Limb:
Nerve
Femoral

Origin
Lumbar Plexus (L2-L4)

Obturator

Lumbar Plexus (L2-L4)

Sciatic

Sacral Plexus (L4-S3)

Course
Deep to midpoint inguinal
lig, lateral femoral vessel,
divides into muscular and
cutaneous in femoral
triangle
Enters via obturator
foramen and dividesanterior branch descends
b/w adductor
longus/brevis; post branch
descends b/w adductor
brevis/magnus
Enters gluteal through
greater sciatric fformane,
passes inferior to
piriformis, into post
...
Branch of sciatic,
descends through
popliteal fossa, into deep
post
...
Carotid a)
Left: left common carotid a, left subclavian a
...
Border trans
...
Tibial Artery & Anterior Tibial art
...
Leg
-anastamoses with perforating branch fibular/lateral malleolar
-medial malleolar
-lateral tarsal
-dorsal artery of the foot (name change once onto dorsum foot)
-medial tarsal
Internal Iliac Artery
-iliolumbar a
-lateral sacral a
-anterior division internal iliac a
- umbilical (becomes medial umbilical lig)
-superior vesical a
-obturator
-internal pudendal a
-uterine a (female only)
-vaginal a (female only)
-inferior vesical a (male only)
-artery to ductus deferens ( male only)
-prostatic branch inferior vesical a (male only)
-middle rectal a
-posterior division internal iliac a (becomes inferior gluteal a)
- superior gluteal a

*anastomosing around ant
...
Trunk)
Lateral arcuate ligament- fascia from quad
...
Lumborum, subcostal n)
*greater splanchnic nerve from superior surface diaphragm penetrates crus to enter abdominal cavity and distribules to the celiac ganglion where its sympathetic axons synapse
(greater splanchnic nerve also innervates suprarenal gland)



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