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CBSE Class-1 Physics Quick Revision Notes
Chapter-01: Electric Charges and Fields
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Like Charges and Unlike Charges:
Like charges repel and unlike charges attract each other
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Quantization of Electric Charge:
It means that total charge (q) of a body is always an integral multiple of a basic quantum
of charge (e)
q = ne
where n = 0, ±1, ±2, ±3, …
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Conservation of Electric Charges:
The total charge of an isolated system remains uncharged with time
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The Electric Field E at a Point due to a Charge Configuration:
It is the force on a small positive test charges q placed at the point divided by a
magnitude
|q|
4πε 0 r 2
It is radially outwards from q, if q is positive and radially
inwards if q is negative
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Coulomb’s Law:
The mutual electrostatic force between two point charges q1 and q2 is proportional to
the product q1q2 and inversely proportional to the square of the distance r21 separating
them
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An Electric Field Line:
It is a curve drawn in such a way that the tangent at each point on the curve gives the
direction of electric field at that point
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Important Properties of Field Lines:
These are:
(i) Field lines are continuous curves without any breaks
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(iii) Electrostatic field lines start at positive charges and end at negative charges – they
cannot form closed loops
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d s is a ‘dot’ product, hence it is scalar
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q
φ = ∫ E
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The same result is true for a solid sphere of uniform volume charge density
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Material downloaded from http://myCBSEguide
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co
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n
2πε 0 r
where r is the perpendicular distance of the point from the wire and is the radial unit
vector in the plane normal to the wire passing through the point
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n
2ε 0
^
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Where n is a unit vector normal to the plane, outward on either side
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r (r ≥ R)
4πε 0 r 2
E=0
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(r < R)
where r is the distance of the point from the centre of the shell and R the radius of the
shell, q is the total charge of the shell & q = 4πR2σ
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Charges in a conductor can reside only at its surface
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In a cavity within a conductor (with no
charges), the electric field is zero
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