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Chapter - 7

Test & Measurement in Sports
Key Points :* Measurement of Muscular strength Kraus weber test
* Motor Fitness test - AAHPER
* Measurement of Cardio-Vascular Fitness-Harward Step
Test/Rock Port test
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Chair stand test for lower body strength
2
...

3
...

4
...

5
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Six minute walk test for aerobic endurance
7
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It can also
be said that the measurement aids evaluation process in which
various tools and techniques are used in the collection of
data
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Importance of Test & Measurement in Sports
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Selection of Athlete : On the basis of skill testing Evaluation

2
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Individual Game Classification of athletes :- Classification
based on gender
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body, weight, height, interest and
physical fitness
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To study the Development of Athlete :- Development of
athlete in respect to their neuro muscular, social, interpretive,
emotional development etc
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Individually Focused Training Programme :- Based on
individual’s weakness & strength
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Motivation of an Athlete :- measurements & evaluation
process creates interest in the training
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To predict in advance the performance potentials :Through measurements & evaluation procedure the future
performance can be predicated
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To prepare Norms & Standards : All types of standards
involve testing & measurements as an essential tool
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of individuals of an area
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To measure current Fitness Status :- Record of past &
present health status
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To conduct research : Mandatory part to conduct research
in the field of physcial education sports & health promotion
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To Achieve Objective & Goals : Coaching & training is done
with keeping a fixed target in a given time
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1

Kraus-Weber (K-W) Test
Dr
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Sonja Weber developed the KrausWeber Minimum Test in the 1950’s
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The test consists of five strength challenges
and one general flexibility procedure
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Administration of the Kraus-Weber test
The following six tests of key muscle groups represent the
minimal performance necessary for healthy living
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Test - I : Purpose : To measure the flexibility of the lower
back and hamstring muscles
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e
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The legs are
straight
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The subject is asked to perform one sit-up
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Test -2 Purpose : to assess the strength of the abdominal
muscles
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The examiner holds the feet to keep them on
the ground
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Score: If he unable to raise his shoulders from the table
or ground, he gets zero
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Procedure : Subject lies in supine position i
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flat on his
back with his hands behind the neck
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His legs should be
straight, no bending at the knee
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Scoring from 0-10 depends upon the number
of seconds he holds the appropriate position
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Procedure : The subject lies in prone position i
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face
down on his stomach with a pillow under his lower abdomen
and his hands behind his neck
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The subject is asked to raise his chest, head and
shoulders, while the examiner counts to 10 seconds
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Test #5 : Lower Back

Test-5 Purpose :- to assess the strength of the lower back
muscles
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e
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The examiner holds his chest
down
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The examiner counts to 10 seconds
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Test-6 Purpose : To measures the flexibility of the lower back
and hamstring muscles
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He is asked to lean down slowly to
touch the floor with finger-tips for 10 second
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The examiner holds his knees in order
to prevent any bending
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2

Motor Fitness Test AAHPER (American Alliance for Health,
Physical Education and Recreation)
Motor fitness refers to the capability of an athlete to perform
effectively at their particular sports
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The first version of this test was published in 1958 and then

revised in 1965 and in 1975 many changes were made in the
test battery
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1
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3
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5
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1
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Flexed - let sit-ups
Shuttle run
Standing long jump
50 yards dash
600 yards run

A
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Equipment : A metal or wooden bar approximately 1½ inches
in diameter is preferred
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Procedure : The bar should be high enough so that the
student can hang with his arms and legs fully extended and
feet free from the floor
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The student is advised to raise body so that
the chin reaches the level of bar
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The exercise is repeated
as many times as possible
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ii)
The body must not swing during the execution of the movement
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Scoring : Record the number of completed pull ups
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Flexed arm hang (for girls only)

Purpose : To measure arm and shoulder strength
...
The diameter of the
rod ought to be 1½ inches
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Procedure : The height of the bar should be adjusted so it is
approximately equal to the pupil’s
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The pupil
should use an overhang grasp, with the assistance of two
spotters, one in front and one in back
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The pupil holds this position as long as possible
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The stopwatch to start as soon as the subject takes the hanging
position
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The watch is stopped when
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iii)
Pupil’s Chin falls below the level of the bar
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Flexed - leg sit-ups

Purpose :- To measure abdominal strength and endurance
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keeping knees bent
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The feet are held by partner
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Teh student curls up and touches the elbows to
knees
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3
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Equipment : 1
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Stop watch
Procedure : Two parallel lines are marked 30 feet apart
wooden blocks 2x4 inches are kept on one side of marked
line
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On start the student runs towards wooden
blocks and pick one of them
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The student continues to run and
similarly lift other block and place at starting line
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The
better of two trials is taken as final score
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Standing long Jump

Purpose : To measure legs power
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Procedure : The student is advised to stand on restraining
line with feet close and he/she dips at the knee swinging
arms before jumping
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The distance from take off line to the heel is measured in
inches
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5
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The starter will give the start and the time keeper on finish will
take the time on starter’s signal
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The time
is recorded nearest to 10th of a second
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600 Yards run (548
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Equipment : marked track, stop-watch
Procedure : Pupil will take standing start from starting line
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The pupils are
advised to run or walk for 600 yards but the aim is to finish as
early as possible
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7
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(1943) in the Harvard Fatigue Laboratories
during WWII
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Objective : The objective of this test is to monitor the
development of the athlete’s cardiovascular system
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*
*
*
*
*
*
*

The athlete warms up for 10 minutes
The assistant gives the command “Go” and starts the
stopwatch
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The assistant measures the athlete’s heart (bpm) one minute
after finishing the test pulse 1
The assistant measures the athlete’s rate (bpm) two minutes
after finishing the test - Pulse-2
The assistant measures the athlete’s heart rate (bpm) three
minutes after finishing the test pulse3
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For example
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5 minutes was 90
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5 it was
80 and between 3-3
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5
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Not the rate (beats per minute) during that time
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0
Female >86
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0-90
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0-79
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0-86
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0-75-9

Below Average
55
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9
50
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9

Poor
<55
<50

7
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Purpose : The purpose of this Rockport fitness walking test
(Kilne 1987) is to monitor the development of the athlete’s
VO2 max
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*
*
*
*

The assistant weighs and records the athlete’s weight
The athlete warms up for 10 minutes
...
starts the stopwatch
and the athlete commences the test
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Scoring : A VO2max Score can be calculated using the
following equation (Kilne et at
...
,
1998) :
Females : VO2 =- 139
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388 x age) - (0
...
) - (3
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156 x heart rate)
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318 to the equation for females above
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4

Sit and Reach Test
The sit and reach test is a common measures of fliexibility,
and speciafically measures the flexibility of the lower back
and hamstring muscles
...


Purpose
The sit and reach test is a common measures of flexibility,
and specifically measures the flexibility of the lower back and
hamstring muscles
...

This test involves sitting on the floor with legs stretched out

straight ahead shoes should be removed
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The soles of the feet are placed flat against the box
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3
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The subject reaches forward
along the measuring line as far as possible
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After some practice reaches the subject reaches out and holds
that position for one two seconds while the distance is
recorded
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No jerk allowed
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7
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By Dr
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Jessie Jones
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It is a simple easy to use battery
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User Friendly
Minimal equipment and space required
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Upper and lower body strength
...
5
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Equipment required : a straight back or folding chair without
arm rests (seat 17 inches / 44 cm high), stopwatch
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Take resting vital sings
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Demonstrate the movement, first slowly then quickly
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Have the patient / client practice one or two repetitions to
ensure proper form, and adequate balance
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‘On the signal go’ the patient/ client rises to a full stand, then
returns to a fully seated position, as many times as possible
in 30 seconds
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If a person is more than half way up at the end of the 30
seconds, count it as a full stand
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7
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One trial
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Document any modifications (chair height, assistance
needed)
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7
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2 Arm Curl Test
Purpose :- Testing upper body strength
Equipment : 5 lb Weight & an 8 lb weight, stopwatch & a
straight-back chair with no arms
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weight in this test and men will curl an
8 lb
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It is extremely important to the
accuracy of the test that you use the appropriate weight for
men & women in this test
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*
Do as many curls as can in the allotted 30-second time period,
moving in a controlled manner
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Keep upper arm still
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If started raising the weight again and are over halfway up
when time is over, count that curl!
Scoring : The score is the total number of controlled arm
curls performed in 30 seconds
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5
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It also plays a role in your balance, posture,
in fall prevention, and in your gait, or walking
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Purpose : This test measures lower body flexibility
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One foot must remain flat on the floor
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#

Place one hand on top of the other with tips of the middle
fingers even
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#

Keep the back straight and head up
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Keep the
knee straight, and hold the reach for 2 seconds
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#

If the fingertips touch the toes then the score is zero
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If they overlap
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#

Perform two trials
Scoring : The score is recorded to the nearest 1/2 inch or 1
cm as the distance reached, either a negative or positive
score
...
5
...

*

Equipment required : ruler or a yardstick
...

*

Place one hand behind the head and back over the shoulder,
and reach as far as possible down the middle of back, palm
touching body and the fingers directed downwards
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*

An assistant is required to direct the subject so that the fingers
are aligned, and to measure the distance between the tips of
the middle fingers
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Score : If the fingertips touch then the score is zero
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Practice two times, and then test two times
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5
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Equipment required :- Stopwatch, straight back or folding
chair (about 17 inches / 44 cm high), cone marker, measuring
tape, area clear of obstacles
...

*
Clear the path between the chair the marker
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*
On the command, “Go,” timing is started and the subject stands
and walks (no running) as quickly as possible (and safety) to
and around the cone; returning to the chair to sit down
...

*
Perform two trials
*
Scoring : Take the best time of the two trials to the nearest 1/
10th second
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5
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Equipment required : Measuring tap to mark out the track
distances, stopwatch, chairs positioned for resting
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72m) rectangular
area (dimensions 45 x 5 yards), with cones placed at regular
intervals to indicate distance walked
...


*

Subjects are set their own pace (a preliminary trial is useful
to practice pacing), and are able to stop for a rest if they
desire
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