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Title: Copper Conversion Lab Procedure Guide
Description: The notes provide a summarized version of the lab procedure for copper conversion. This is where solid copper is dissolved into solution and through a series of chemical reactions extracted from solution. There are helpful hints and notes throughout the procedure to allow for better understanding of the lab. To make the lab more universally applicable to other copper conversion labs, the list of equations for the lab are listed. These notes are for those taking a regular chemistry course in college or possibly Advanced Placement students taking chemistry
Description: The notes provide a summarized version of the lab procedure for copper conversion. This is where solid copper is dissolved into solution and through a series of chemical reactions extracted from solution. There are helpful hints and notes throughout the procedure to allow for better understanding of the lab. To make the lab more universally applicable to other copper conversion labs, the list of equations for the lab are listed. These notes are for those taking a regular chemistry course in college or possibly Advanced Placement students taking chemistry
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Copper Conversion Lab
Procedure
●
List of important laboratory equipment:
○ (2) Dry, clean beaker [ 100mL < = x < = 200 mL ] *
○ Beaker stand & clamp assembly
○ Electronic scale
○ Graduated cylinders [ Both 10 mL and 20 mL for convenience ]
○ Wash bottle [ Distilled Water ]
○ Hotplate [ A bunsen burner will be fine as well ]
○ Ceramic hotplate
○ Filter paper & Filter funnel
○ pH indicator
* Please note that larger vessels are used to limit copper loss caused by solution clinging to the side
...
* Reminder: Addition of distilled water will not adversely affect the reaction since subsequent filtration steps
will remove excesses
...
For example, if too much
nitric acid is added, the simple addition of more sodium hydroxide later will remediate this problem
...
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
● Mass the copper obtained on an electronic scale and transfer said copper into a
beaker
...
Perform this step under a fume hood or in a well ventilated
area
...
The reaction will produce nitric gas,
copper nitrate, and water
...
[ Hint: gently swirling the beaker
will accelerate the reaction && The end product will be light blue and will have no more brown gas
forming ]
● 2) Measure the appropriate amount of sodium hydroxide per gram of copper and
add it into the beaker of solution
...
Add no more than 10 mL of additional
distilled water if desired and mix with a glass stirring rod
...
The solution should be basic
...
[ Hint: To further minimize the loss of copper
and ensure safety, take the sir rod used to stir the solution and dab the tip of the rod to the pH
paper
...
This procedure should be conducted
with care
...
Should the solution be observed to be boiling, remove
the beaker from the heating element with beaker tongs and place it on a ceramic
plate
...
Remove with a sponge if found
...
If there is any solution clinging to the sides of the beaker,
gently wash the residue back into solution with a distilled water wash bottle
...
The top of the solution should appear clear ]
In the beaker, there should be copper oxide and excesses: ( the excess sodium hydroxide is converted
into water and sodium oxide) and sodium nitrate
...
To do this, place a filter paper in a funnel and hold the funnel above the other
beaker with the beaker stand
...
To get the copper oxide residue in the beaker, add distilled water, swirl
and pour the contents into the funnel
...
For a more efficient
procedure, use a stir rod with a rubber policeman to aid in the process
...
The solution accumulated at the bottom may be disposed of properly once
the washing process is completed
...
The beaker
should be replaced under the funnel for the next step
...
Once all of the
solution is in the beaker, the beaker should be replaced and the solution poured
back through the funnel
...
The swapping and pouring of the solution from
beakers should be continued until all the copper oxide has reacted
...
If there is a large portion of unreacted copper
chloride at the end of the third cycle, add a little more hydrochloric acid
...
This will strip the
copper from solution and cause the copper to plate on top of the iron
...
[ Hint: Add exactly
what is necessary as adding excess iron will prove difficult in removing
...
In this case, choose a larger piece of iron so that the copper that forms can be tapped off
of the iron and removed with a forcep
...
● 8) Weigh the filter paper and replace the used paper in the funnel
...
Rinse the copper with distilled water to prevent the copper from
reacting with the hydrochloric acid and to remove the other excess ions
...
[ Note: The mass of the filter paper minus the total mass =
copper mass ]
______________________________________________________________________
EQUATIONS TO DETERMINE THE AMOUNTS NEEDED:
1) Cu (s) + 4HNO3 (aq) → Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2NO2 (aq) + 2H2O (L) + [ excess HNO3 (aq)]
↳
a) _?_ g Cu (s) x ([mol Cu (s)] / [63
...
-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_2) Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) → Cu(OH)2 (s) + 2Na(NO3)2 (aq) + [ excess NaOH (aq)]
a) _?_ g Cu (s) x ([mol Cu (s)] / [63
...
845g Fe (s) ] / [mol Fe ] )
↳
( ii ) g Fe
< CuCl2 ( aq) + Fe (s) → Cu (s) >
Title: Copper Conversion Lab Procedure Guide
Description: The notes provide a summarized version of the lab procedure for copper conversion. This is where solid copper is dissolved into solution and through a series of chemical reactions extracted from solution. There are helpful hints and notes throughout the procedure to allow for better understanding of the lab. To make the lab more universally applicable to other copper conversion labs, the list of equations for the lab are listed. These notes are for those taking a regular chemistry course in college or possibly Advanced Placement students taking chemistry
Description: The notes provide a summarized version of the lab procedure for copper conversion. This is where solid copper is dissolved into solution and through a series of chemical reactions extracted from solution. There are helpful hints and notes throughout the procedure to allow for better understanding of the lab. To make the lab more universally applicable to other copper conversion labs, the list of equations for the lab are listed. These notes are for those taking a regular chemistry course in college or possibly Advanced Placement students taking chemistry