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Title: Carbohydrate notes
Description: essential carbohydrate study notes used for first year bachelor of Biomedical science at Queensland University of Technology. Basic foundation for anyone studying or wanting to study biology or medicine at university.
Description: essential carbohydrate study notes used for first year bachelor of Biomedical science at Queensland University of Technology. Basic foundation for anyone studying or wanting to study biology or medicine at university.
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182 Lecture 4 Carbohydrates
Made of: Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen CH2O – for every carbon there is a water
Monosaccharaides: simple sugars
Aldoses – Oxygen double bond on carbon 1
Ketoses – Oxygen double bond on carbon 2
Oligosaccharide: 2-10 linked sugars
- Common on cell membranes and surfaces
- Serve as cell markers (blood group glycolipids)
Polysaccharide: complex carbohydrates
- Also called Glycans
- Most carbohydrates found in nature occur as polysaccharides
o Storage material – hydrolyzed as needed
§ Starch (plants) glycogen (animals) – found in liver and muscles
o Building material – structures to protect cell/organism
§ Cellulose (plants) chitin (fungal cell wall, arthropod skeleton)
How they are joined determines their functions:
Starch (plants) and glycogen (animals) = storage
Cellulose (plants) and chitin (animals) = structural
Homosaccharides: Branched or unbranched chain of the same type of sugar
Heterosaccharides: Unbrached = 2 monomers, Branched = multiple monomers
Epimers
2 sugars that differ only in the configuration around 1 carbon atom
L-isomer & D-isomer = D-isomer is naturally occurring
...
- Once connected alpha or beta can be determined by the position of H and
OH attached to the anomeric carbon
...
Alpha 1-4 linkages, forms a helix
- Amylopectin: branched homopolysaccharide
...
Branches
Title: Carbohydrate notes
Description: essential carbohydrate study notes used for first year bachelor of Biomedical science at Queensland University of Technology. Basic foundation for anyone studying or wanting to study biology or medicine at university.
Description: essential carbohydrate study notes used for first year bachelor of Biomedical science at Queensland University of Technology. Basic foundation for anyone studying or wanting to study biology or medicine at university.