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Maus​​ ​-​ ​Part​ ​1
Title​ ​page
significance
(title​ ​&​ ​image)
1
...
​ ​ ​Reinforces​ ​the
notion​ ​that​ ​there​ ​was​ ​a
time​ ​that​ ​Anja​ ​and​ ​Vladek
were​ ​happy​ ​together
...


-Shows​ ​a​ ​happy
moment​ ​between
his​ ​parents
...

Eventually​ ​he
complies​ ​with
Artie’s​ ​requests​ ​as
he​ ​exercises​ ​on​ ​his
stationary​ ​bike​ ​as
he​ ​tells​ ​Artie​ ​how
he​ ​met​ ​Anja​ ​in
Poland​ ​prior​ ​to​ ​the
war
...
​ ​ ​He​ ​was
young​ ​and
handsome​ ​and
many​ ​of​ ​the​ ​women

Character
development

Thematic
subject/s

Motifs​ ​&​ ​symbols

Notable​ ​stylistic
features
(purpose​ ​&​ ​effect,
significance)

Power​ ​Dynamics:
-Vladek​ ​requests
Artie​ ​to​ ​omit​ ​the
content​ ​involving
his​ ​relationship​ ​with
Anja​ ​prior​ ​to​ ​the
war​ ​but​ ​Artie​ ​still
includes​ ​it
...


Father​ ​and​ ​Son:
-Vladek​ ​and​ ​Artie
have​ ​an
unconventional
relationship,
implications​ ​that
Artie​ ​feels​ ​guilty​ ​for
neglecting​ ​to​ ​care
for​ ​his​ ​father
...


-In​ ​the​ ​Middle​ ​panel
of​ ​Page​ ​14,​ ​you
can​ ​see​ ​the
tattooed​ ​numbers
from​ ​the​ ​Holocaust
...
​ ​ ​Reinforces
that​ ​they​ ​were​ ​not
seen​ ​as​ ​individuals,
only​ ​seen​ ​as
numbers
...


Manipulation​ ​of
Borders​ ​and
Frames:
-Artie​ ​is​ ​within​ ​a
frame​ ​his​ ​arms
construct
...

Artie​ ​is​ ​at​ ​the
center​ ​of​ ​Vladek’s
world
...

Juxtaposes​ ​with

“My​ ​Father​ ​Bleeds
History”​ ​rather​ ​than
a​ ​grotesque​ ​image,
shows​ ​part​ ​of​ ​the
history​ ​he​ ​bleeds​ ​is
his​ ​deep​ ​and
profound​ ​history
with​ ​Anja
...
​ ​ ​Their​ ​love​ ​is​ ​in
the​ ​spotlight,​ ​which
contrasts​ ​to​ ​the​ ​title
page​ ​where​ ​the
spotlight​ ​is​ ​put​ ​in​ ​a
more​ ​malevolent
context
...

-Why​ ​might​ ​Artie
need​ ​that?​ ​Even
after​ ​everything
happens,​ ​the​ ​love
for​ ​her​ ​is​ ​still
sentimental
...
​ ​ ​Vladek​ ​recalls
Lucia​ ​Green​ ​who
asked​ ​their​ ​mutual
friend​ ​Yulek​ ​to
arrange​ ​a​ ​meeting
...

-Vladek​ ​tells​ ​Artie
he​ ​had​ ​no​ ​interest
in​ ​Lucia​ ​but​ ​she
insisted​ ​on​ ​them
being​ ​together
...

Vladek​ ​tells​ ​Artie
that​ ​Lucia’s​ ​family
was​ ​nice​ ​but​ ​very
poor
...

-Can​ ​see​ ​that​ ​Artie
has​ ​limited
understanding​ ​of
his​ ​father’s​ ​past

Spotlight
-In​ ​the​ ​title​ ​page,
the​ ​Shiek,​ ​can​ ​see
a​ ​spotlight​ ​on​ ​Anja
and​ ​Vladek
...
​ ​ ​Their
love​ ​is​ ​in​ ​the
spotlight,​ ​which
contrasts​ ​to​ ​the​ ​title
page​ ​where​ ​the
spotlight​ ​is​ ​put​ ​in​ ​a
more​ ​malevolent
context
...

Emphasises​ ​how
Vladek’s​ ​love​ ​to
Anja​ ​remains
sentimental,​ ​Hitler
could​ ​not​ ​take​ ​her
away​ ​from​ ​him
...

-By​ ​having​ ​“My
Father​ ​Bleeds
History”​ ​shows
multiple​ ​sources​ ​of
pain,​ ​not​ ​only​ ​from
Holocaust​ ​but​ ​by
Anjas​ ​death
...


introduce​ ​him​ ​to
Anja​ ​who​ ​is
intelligent​ ​and​ ​from
a​ ​wealthy​ ​family
...
​ ​ ​ ​When
Vladek​ ​returns​ ​to
Czestochowa,​ ​he
exchanges​ ​letters
with​ ​Anja
...

Vladek​ ​admits​ ​that
Anja​ ​was​ ​not​ ​as
physically​ ​attractive
as​ ​Lucia,​ ​but​ ​was
intelligent
...

Vladek​ ​prepares​ ​to
move​ ​to​ ​Sosnowiec

though​ ​Lucia
pleads​ ​for​ ​Vladek​ ​to
stay
...
​ ​ ​Later,
Anja​ ​receives​ ​a
letter​ ​from​ ​a​ ​secret
friend​ ​who​ ​is​ ​likely
Lucia​ ​informing​ ​her
that​ ​Vladek​ ​is​ ​a
womanizer​ ​and
only​ ​wants​ ​to​ ​marry
her​ ​due​ ​to​ ​her
wealth
...

-In​ ​the​ ​end,​ ​Vladek
requests​ ​Artie​ ​to
omit​ ​this​ ​story​ ​from
the​ ​graphic​ ​memoir
...

2
...
​ ​ ​Sees​ ​Nazi
flag​ ​outside​ ​train
window​ ​and​ ​hears

-Page​ ​33​ ​features​ ​a
panel​ ​which​ ​has​ ​a
bolder​ ​border​ ​and
overlaps​ ​other
panels
...

When​ ​he​ ​brings​ ​his
arm​ ​down​ ​Vladek

Borderless​ ​Panel
-In​ ​Page​ ​30​ ​and​ ​33
captions​ ​featuring
Vladek​ ​as​ ​the
narrator​ ​do​ ​not
have​ ​borders
...

Honeymoon
connotes​ ​to​ ​a
romantic,​ ​fresh
start,​ ​however
juxtaposes​ ​with
Nazi​ ​flag​ ​which​ ​is
heavy,​ ​shows
heavy​ ​folds,​ ​pitch
black,​ ​also​ ​like
moon​ ​in​ ​the​ ​sky
...

-While​ ​the​ ​atrocities
of​ ​the​ ​Holocaust
have​ ​not​ ​occurred
yet,​ ​violence​ ​and
discrimination
against​ ​the​ ​Jews
was​ ​still​ ​rampant
prior​ ​to​ ​the​ ​war
...

-Everything​ ​in​ ​the
image​ ​except​ ​the

from​ ​others​ ​that
Jews​ ​in​ ​Germany
are​ ​persecuted​ ​and
some​ ​are​ ​even
killed
...

Joyous​ ​story​ ​of
Vladek’s​ ​son​ ​is
painful​ ​in
retrospect
...
​ ​ ​As​ ​it
overlaps​ ​the​ ​other
panels,​ ​this​ ​visually
shows​ ​how​ ​the
events​ ​in​ ​the​ ​panel
are​ ​linked​ ​and​ ​how
they​ ​impact​ ​each
other
...

-The​ ​motif​ ​of​ ​pills
indicate​ ​a​ ​larger
theme​ ​in​ ​this​ ​book,
the​ ​struggle​ ​for
survival
...
​ ​ ​This
indicates​ ​how
Vladek’s​ ​history
continues​ ​to​ ​impact
him,​ ​as​ ​he​ ​blames
Artie​ ​for​ ​his​ ​actions
...
​ ​ ​For
example,​ ​in​ ​Page
29,​ ​when​ ​Vladek
expresses​ ​his
disapproval​ ​with
communism,
emanata​ ​is​ ​featured
as​ ​he​ ​waves​ ​both
hands​ ​in​ ​front​ ​of
him​ ​seemingly​ ​in​ ​a
dismissive​ ​stance
...
​ ​ ​Shows
how​ ​pivotal​ ​Anja​ ​is
as​ ​a​ ​character,​ ​that
she​ ​is​ ​enough​ ​to
change​ ​captioning
style
...
​ ​ ​For
example,​ ​we​ ​are
not​ ​sure​ ​who​ ​the
black​ ​mouse
figures​ ​are
...

-Mice​ ​still​ ​have
jewelry​ ​around
them,​ ​shows​ ​how
they​ ​are​ ​all​ ​dressed
and​ ​it​ ​occurs​ ​before
the​ ​Holocaust
...


which​ ​echoes​ ​his
determination​ ​to
survive​ ​during​ ​the
Holocaust
...

-Chapter​ ​1​ ​was
relationship​ ​based
but​ ​now​ ​there​ ​are
people​ ​involved,​ ​no
relation​ ​besides
being​ ​of​ ​similar
class​ ​and​ ​have
reason​ ​to​ ​be
grouped​ ​together
...


-When​ ​Vladek
knocks​ ​the​ ​pills
over​ ​as​ ​he​ ​imitates
the​ ​Nazi​ ​salute​ ​the
pills​ ​fall​ ​outside​ ​of
the​ ​panel​ ​and​ ​into
the​ ​gutter​ ​(Page
32)
...

-Anja​ ​also​ ​takes
pills​ ​for​ ​depression,
emphasises​ ​the
connection
between​ ​Vladek
and​ ​Anja
-Becoming
dependent​ ​on​ ​pills
to​ ​survive,​ ​similar​ ​to
how​ ​Anja​ ​is

Past​ ​and​ ​Present:
-Comparisons
between​ ​the​ ​past
and​ ​present
...
​ ​ ​You​ ​want​ ​it
should​ ​be​ ​like​ ​a
stable​ ​here?”​ ​(Page
54)
...
​ ​ ​When​ ​Vladek
reprimands​ ​Artie,
he​ ​compares​ ​it​ ​with
the​ ​situation​ ​he​ ​is​ ​in
when​ ​he​ ​was
forced​ ​to​ ​clean​ ​the
stable​ ​by​ ​asking​ ​a
sarcastic,​ ​rhetorical

Animal
Symbolism:
-Vladek​ ​wears​ ​the
mask​ ​of​ ​a​ ​pig​ ​to
conceal​ ​his​ ​Polish
identity​ ​in​ ​order​ ​to
escape
...
​ ​The
circular​ ​panel​ ​also
overlaps​ ​the​ ​panel
on​ ​the​ ​right
...
​ ​ ​In​ ​this
scene,​ ​Vladek
disguises​ ​himself
as​ ​a​ ​Pole​ ​which
compels​ ​the​ ​train
conductor​ ​to​ ​help
him
...
​ ​ ​Vladek
mentions​ ​“It​ ​held​ ​up
a​ ​hand​ ​to​ ​show​ ​it
was​ ​hurt”
...

While​ ​he
dehumanizes​ ​the
soldier,​ ​he​ ​appears
to​ ​also​ ​convey​ ​a
sense​ ​of
vulnerability
towards​ ​him​ ​for

dependent​ ​on​ ​her
family
-Vladek​ ​complains
about​ ​doctors
giving​ ​him​ ​poor
medicine,​ ​shows
how​ ​Vladek​ ​must
help​ ​himself
...

-Humanizes
Vladek,​ ​shows​ ​he​ ​is
elderly​ ​man​ ​who
reached​ ​a​ ​point
where​ ​he​ ​is​ ​in​ ​need
of​ ​others,​ ​whereas
in​ ​the​ ​war​ ​others
needed​ ​him
-Those​ ​who​ ​have
not​ ​endured​ ​the
war,​ ​they​ ​still​ ​have
responsibility​ ​to
deal​ ​with​ ​the​ ​impact

question
...

Race​ ​and​ ​Class
-The​ ​theme​ ​of​ ​race
and​ ​class​ ​is
prevalent
throughout​ ​the
chapter
...
​ ​ ​When
Vladek​ ​is​ ​captured
by​ ​the​ ​Germans,
they
associate/prescribe
negative​ ​Jewish
stereotypes​ ​to
Vladek
...
​ ​ ​To
surrender”​ ​When
Vladek​ ​uses
phrases​ ​that​ ​have
sympathetic/vulner
able​ ​connotations,
such​ ​as​ ​hurt​ ​and
surrender,​ ​he​ ​refers
to​ ​the​ ​German​ ​as
“it”​ ​but​ ​when​ ​he
justifies​ ​shooting
the​ ​soldier,​ ​he​ ​says
“He​ ​could​ ​have
shot​ ​me”
...

4
...
​ ​ ​Also
indicates​ ​how​ ​the​ ​war​ ​is
starting​ ​to​ ​expand​ ​and
directly​ ​impact​ ​Vladek,
which​ ​was​ ​progressively
approaching​ ​Vladek​ ​in​ ​the
previous​ ​chapters​ ​though
implicitly
...
​ ​ ​The​ ​situation

-Vladek​ ​reprimands
Artie​ ​for​ ​being​ ​late,
as​ ​he​ ​wanted​ ​Artie
to​ ​repair​ ​the​ ​leaky
drainpipe​ ​on​ ​the
roof
...
​ ​ ​Artie​ ​takes
out​ ​a​ ​tape​ ​recorder,
as​ ​he​ ​found​ ​it​ ​too
tedious​ ​to​ ​take

-In​ ​this​ ​chapter,
Vladek​ ​starts​ ​to
demonstrate​ ​his
resourcefulness,
which​ ​subsequently
contributes​ ​to​ ​him
surviving​ ​the
Holocaust
...

Ilsecki​ ​to​ ​give​ ​him
more​ ​than​ ​the​ ​legal
amount​ ​to​ ​repay
the​ ​debt​ ​that​ ​was

people​ ​of​ ​their​ ​hard
work​ ​while​ ​they
themselves​ ​avoided
manual​ ​labour
...

Symbolism
​ ​-​ ​Vladek’s
stationary​ ​bicycle
...

“Ilzecki​ ​and​ ​his​ ​wife
didn’t​ ​come​ ​out
from​ ​the​ ​war
...
​ ​ ​Vladek
exercises​ ​on​ ​his
stationary​ ​bicycle

​ ​-​ ​Borderless
panels​ ​and​ ​the
“spotlight”​ ​motif​ ​are
present​ ​in​ ​this
chapter
...
Will​ ​I​ ​run
they​ ​can​ ​shoot​ ​me!”
(Page​ ​82)
...

Sometimes​ ​he
digresses​ ​from​ ​his
initial​ ​story,​ ​causing
Artie​ ​to
occasionally
interrupt​ ​Vladek,
requesting​ ​him​ ​shift
the​ ​narrative​ ​to
accommodate
Artie’s​ ​desire​ ​to
create​ ​a​ ​graphic
novel
...
​ ​ ​Eventually​ ​he
comes​ ​into​ ​direct​ ​contact
with​ ​the​ ​Nazis​ ​after​ ​being
conscripted​ ​by​ ​the​ ​Polish
army​ ​and​ ​captured​ ​by​ ​the
Germans​ ​(though​ ​he
escapes​ ​by​ ​wearing​ ​a​ ​pig
mask​ ​to​ ​disguise​ ​himself
as​ ​a​ ​Pole)
...


notes​ ​by​ ​hand
...
​ ​ ​He,
Anja​ ​and​ ​Richieu
live​ ​in​ ​the​ ​house
with​ ​Anja’s​ ​parents
and​ ​grandparents,
as​ ​well​ ​as​ ​other
relatives,​ ​where​ ​the
parents​ ​of​ ​Anja’s
niece​ ​and​ ​nephew
were​ ​in​ ​New​ ​York
visiting​ ​the​ ​World
Fair​ ​when​ ​the​ ​war
broke​ ​out
...

Despite​ ​this,
Vladek’s​ ​family​ ​is
wealthy​ ​enough​ ​to

owed​ ​to​ ​him
...
​ ​ ​Despite​ ​this,
Vladek’s
intelligence​ ​itself
was​ ​not​ ​enough​ ​to
help​ ​him​ ​survive,
his​ ​luck​ ​also
contributed​ ​to​ ​it
...

Therefore,​ ​external
factors​ ​such​ ​as​ ​luck
and​ ​fate​ ​contribute
to​ ​Vladek’s​ ​survival
as​ ​well​ ​as​ ​his
intrinsic​ ​factors
such​ ​as
resourcefulness

while​ ​discussing
how​ ​Richieu​ ​did​ ​not
survive
...


symbolise​ ​how​ ​the
content​ ​of​ ​the
scene​ ​is​ ​more
universal,​ ​rather
than​ ​pertaining​ ​to
only​ ​one​ ​individual
...

Furthermore,​ ​in​ ​this
-Borderless​ ​panels scene​ ​there
are​ ​also​ ​featured
...

of​ ​David,​ ​which
Artie​ ​constructs​ ​a
mentions​ ​“Will​ ​I
visual
walk​ ​slowly​ ​they​ ​will representation​ ​of
take​ ​me
...
​ ​ ​Visual
Vladek​ ​tells​ ​him
...
​ ​ ​“When​ ​we
were​ ​in​ ​the​ ​ghetto
in​ ​1943
...
​ ​ ​This
contributes​ ​to​ ​the
tension​ ​between
Vladek​ ​and​ ​Artie,
as​ ​Vladek​ ​is
sometimes
reluctant​ ​to​ ​comply
with​ ​Artie’s
requests,​ ​as​ ​seen
in​ ​the​ ​first​ ​chapter
where​ ​he
reluctantly
discusses​ ​his
relationship​ ​with
Anja
...

-All​ ​Jewish​ ​owned
businesses​ ​were
taken​ ​over​ ​by
German​ ​managers
including​ ​Vladek’s
textile​ ​factory​ ​which
causes​ ​the​ ​loss​ ​of
income
...
​ ​ ​He
meets​ ​Mr
...
​ ​ ​Ilseki​ ​is
unable​ ​to​ ​pay​ ​as​ ​he
manufactures
uniforms​ ​for​ ​the
Germans
...


universal,​ ​rather
than​ ​pertaining​ ​to
-In​ ​this​ ​chapter,​ ​the only​ ​one​ ​individual
...

contributed​ ​to​ ​his
survival​ ​during​ ​this
Furthermore,​ ​in​ ​this
time​ ​persist​ ​during
scene​ ​there
the​ ​present​ ​time
...

being​ ​late​ ​(hoping
that​ ​he​ ​would​ ​have Artie​ ​constructs​ ​a
visual
time​ ​to​ ​repair​ ​the
drain​ ​pipe),​ ​Artie
representation​ ​of
asks​ ​“Why​ ​don’t
Vladek’s​ ​past
you​ ​hire
based​ ​on​ ​the​ ​story
somebody?”​ ​(Page Vladek​ ​tells​ ​him
...
​ ​ ​Vladek’s
this​ ​is​ ​one​ ​of​ ​the
desire​ ​to​ ​be​ ​self
first​ ​scenes​ ​Vladek
sufficient​ ​is​ ​shown
experiences
during​ ​the​ ​war,
where​ ​he​ ​generates violence​ ​against​ ​the
Jews,​ ​the​ ​spotlight
income​ ​for​ ​his
family​ b
​ y​ ​dealing
illuminates​ ​him,
with​ t​ he​ ​black
exposes​ ​a​ ​sense​ ​of
market
...

These​ ​all​ ​appear​ ​to
be​ ​a​ ​stylistic​ ​choice
adopted​ ​by​ ​Artie​ ​to
symbolise​ ​Vladek’s
emotions​ ​through
the​ ​use​ ​of​ ​visuals
...
​ ​ ​Prior​ ​to
this​ ​scene,​ ​Vladek
also​ ​ruminates
about​ ​the​ ​loss​ ​of
Richieu,​ ​though
Artie​ ​acts
indifferent,​ ​briefly
asking​ ​his​ ​father​ ​to
keep​ ​the​ ​story
chronological
despite​ ​the​ ​evident
trauma​ ​Vladek
experiences,​ ​which
becomes​ ​evident
from​ ​his
fragmented​ ​English
(though​ ​Vladek’s
fragmented​ ​English
may​ ​be
exaggerated​ ​by
Artie​ ​as​ ​an​ ​artistic
choice​ ​to
emphasise
Vladek’s​ ​emotional
trauma)
...

-As​ ​Vladek​ ​is
walking​ ​on
Modrzejowska
Street​ ​(an​ ​area
where​ ​people
commonly​ ​trade
with​ ​Black​ ​Market
dealers)
...

One​ ​afternoon​ ​as
Vladek​ ​walks
through​ ​the​ ​train
station,​ ​Vladek
witnesses​ ​German
soldiers​ ​abducting
Jews​ ​and
summarily
executing​ ​them
...

Ilzecki​ ​shelters​ ​him

the​ ​traits​ ​that
helped​ ​sustain
Vladek’s​ ​survival
such​ ​as​ ​self
reliance​ ​continue​ ​to
persist​ ​in​ ​the
contemporary
world,​ ​much​ ​to​ ​the
annoyance​ ​of​ ​those
around​ ​him
...

These​ ​all​ ​appear​ ​to
be​ ​a​ ​stylistic​ ​choice
adopted​ ​by​ ​Artie​ ​to
symbolise​ ​Vladek’s
emotions​ ​through
the​ ​use​ ​of​ ​visuals
...
​ ​ ​For
example,​ ​Vladek
wears​ ​striped
clothing,
reminiscent​ ​of
clothing​ ​worn​ ​by
prisoners​ ​of​ ​the
concentration
camps
...

Sometimes​ ​he

guilt,​ ​as​ ​he​ ​fails​ ​to
comfort​ ​and
cultivate​ ​a​ ​more
intimate
relationship​ ​with​ ​his
father
...

-Mr
...
​ ​ ​Ilzecki
tells​ ​Vladek​ ​that​ ​he
plans​ ​to​ ​hide​ ​his
son​ ​with​ ​his​ ​Polish
friend​ ​and​ ​offers
Vladek​ ​to​ ​hide
Richieu​ ​with​ ​the
friend​ ​as​ ​well
...
​ ​ ​Vladek
informs​ ​Artie​ ​that
while​ ​Ilzecki’s​ ​son
survived​ ​the​ ​war,
his​ ​parents​ ​and
Richieu​ ​did​ ​not
...
​ ​ ​Vladek
continues​ ​to​ ​deal​ ​in

digresses​ ​from​ ​his
initial​ ​story,​ ​causing
Artie​ ​to
occasionally
interrupt​ ​Vladek,
requesting​ ​him​ ​shift
the​ ​narrative​ ​to
accommodate
Artie’s​ ​desire​ ​to
create​ ​a​ ​graphic
novel
...
​ ​ ​“When​ ​we
were​ ​in​ ​the​ ​ghetto
in​ ​1943
...

-Soon​ ​there​ ​is​ ​a
notice​ ​that​ ​all​ ​Jews
over​ ​the​ ​age​ ​of​ ​70
will​ ​be​ ​transferred
to​ ​a​ ​new
community
specifically
designed​ ​to​ ​care​ ​for
the​ ​elderly
...
​ ​ ​When​ ​the
police​ ​attempt​ ​to
coerce​ ​the​ ​family​ ​to
hand​ ​the
grandparnts​ ​over,
they​ ​abduct​ ​Anja’s
father,​ ​threatening
to​ ​come​ ​back​ ​and
kidnap​ ​more​ ​until
the​ ​grandparents
are​ ​given
...
​ ​ ​This
contributes​ ​to​ ​the
tension​ ​between
Vladek​ ​and​ ​Artie,
as​ ​Vladek​ ​is
sometimes
reluctant​ ​to​ ​comply
with​ ​Artie’s
requests,​ ​as​ ​seen
in​ ​the​ ​first​ ​chapter
where​ ​he
reluctantly
discusses​ ​his
relationship​ ​with
Anja
...
​ ​ ​Prior​ ​to
this​ ​scene,​ ​Vladek
also​ ​ruminates
about​ ​the​ ​loss​ ​of
Richieu,​ ​though
Artie​ ​acts
indifferent,​ ​briefly

family​ ​complies
...
​ ​ ​ ​It

-Chapter​ ​begins​ ​as
Mala​ ​calls​ ​ ​Artie​ ​as

asking​ ​his​ ​father​ ​to
keep​ ​the​ ​story
chronological
despite​ ​the​ ​evident
trauma​ ​Vladek
experiences,​ ​which
becomes​ ​evident
from​ ​his
fragmented​ ​English
(though​ ​Vladek’s
fragmented​ ​English
may​ ​be
exaggerated​ ​by
Artie​ ​as​ ​an​ ​artistic
choice​ ​to
emphasise
Vladek’s​ ​emotional
trauma)
...


-This​ ​chapter​ ​is
significant​ ​in​ ​the

Intergenerational
Understanding

-Symbolism​ ​of​ ​the
comic​ ​“Prisoner​ ​on

-Word​ ​play​ ​ ​and
Emanata
...

In​ ​Srodula,​ ​Germans​ ​start
to​ ​summarily​ ​round​ ​up​ ​the
Jews​ ​and​ ​to​ ​protect
himself​ ​and​ ​his​ ​family,
Vladek​ ​builds​ ​a​ ​shelter
under​ ​a​ ​coal​ ​bin​ ​where
they​ ​hide​ ​during​ ​Nazi
searches
...
​ ​ ​Figuratively
symbolises​ ​how​ ​the​ ​Nazis
force​ ​the​ ​Jews
(symbolised​ ​by​ ​mice)​ ​ ​into
small​ ​spaces​ ​to​ ​hide/are
imprisoned​ ​due​ ​to​ ​their
aggressive​ ​policy​ ​of
lebensraum​ ​by​ ​the​ ​Nazis,
symbolised​ ​by​ ​cats
...

Mala​ ​claims​ ​Vladek
climbed​ ​the​ ​roof​ ​to
fix​ ​the​ ​pipe​ ​only​ ​to
come​ ​down​ ​after
feeling​ ​dizzy,
though​ ​he​ ​wishes
to​ ​climb​ ​back​ ​up,
against​ ​Mala’s
suggestions​ ​and
pleadings​ ​not​ ​to
...

-Artie​ ​tells
Francoise​ ​he
always​ ​hated
helping​ ​his​ ​father
around​ ​the​ ​house,
as​ ​nothing​ ​he​ ​did
was​ ​good​ ​enough
for​ ​Vladek
...

Mala​ ​informs​ ​Artie
that​ ​Vladek​ ​found

development​ ​of
Artie’s​ ​character,​ ​as
the​ ​graphic​ ​novel
“Prisoner​ ​on​ ​the
Hell​ ​Planet”
displays​ ​his​ ​guilt
over​ ​his​ ​mothers
death,​ ​which​ ​is
exacerbated​ ​by​ ​his
relatives​ ​who
reprimand​ ​and
blame​ ​him​ ​for​ ​his
mother’s​ ​suicide
...

Furthermore,​ ​the
distorted​ ​visuals​ ​of
the​ ​ ​comic​ ​express
Artie’s​ ​inherent
distrust​ ​toward
others​ ​after​ ​they​ ​all
blamed​ ​him​ ​for​ ​his
mother’s​ ​death
...

Although​ ​Artie

-In​ ​“Prisoner​ ​on​ ​the
Hell​ ​Planet”​ ​Artie​ ​is
resentful​ ​of​ ​the​ ​way
Anja​ ​manipulates
him
...
​ ​ ​The
umbilical​ ​cord
symbolises​ ​Anja’s
control​ ​of​ ​Artie​ ​and
how​ ​she
manipulates​ ​him
into​ ​feeling​ ​pity​ ​for
her,​ ​similarly​ ​how
the​ ​fetus​ ​is
dependent​ ​on​ ​the
mother’s​ ​umbilical
cord​ ​for​ ​survival
...
​ ​ ​In
page​ ​106,​ ​he
apologises​ ​to
Vladek​ ​after​ ​Vladek
sees​ ​his​ ​graphic
novel
...
​ ​ ​The
distorted​ ​visuals​ ​of
“Prisoner​ ​on​ ​the
Hell​ ​Planet”
symbolises​ ​the​ ​guilt
and​ ​resentment
Artie​ ​feels​ ​of​ ​Anja,
as​ ​the​ ​graphic
novel​ ​also​ ​portrays
Anja​ ​selfishly,​ ​as
she​ ​does​ ​not​ ​leave
a​ ​note​ ​before
committing​ ​suicide
and​ ​also
emotionally
manipulates​ ​Artie
...
​ ​ ​The
word​ ​“shrine”
suggests​ ​that

Vladek​ ​discusses
traumatic​ ​events,
he​ ​speaks​ ​in​ ​a
much​ ​more
fragmented​ ​nature
and​ ​is​ ​much​ ​less
coherent
...
In
this​ ​way​ ​the
Germans​ ​treated
the​ ​little​ ​ones​ ​what
still​ ​had​ ​survived​ ​a
little”​ ​(Page​ ​110)
...

While​ ​discussing
this,​ ​his​ ​English
becomes
progressively​ ​less
coherent,​ ​seen​ ​in
his​ ​subsequent
narrations
...


Artie’s​ ​graphic
novel​ ​“Prisoner​ ​on
the​ ​Hell​ ​Planet”
which​ ​discusses
the​ ​details
regarding​ ​Anja’s
suicide​ ​and​ ​how
Artie​ ​was
subsequently
blamed​ ​by​ ​his
family
...

-Vladek​ ​continues
to​ ​narrate​ ​his
Holocaust
experiences
starting​ ​in​ ​1943
...
​ ​ ​An​ ​uncle
of​ ​Anja’s​ ​brother​ ​in
law,​ ​Persis​ ​arrives
to​ ​take​ ​some​ ​family
members​ ​to
Zawiercie​ ​where​ ​he
has​ ​some​ ​influence
to​ ​keep​ ​them​ ​safe
...

-Mala​ ​was​ ​also
aware​ ​of​ ​“Prisoner
on​ ​the​ ​Hell​ ​Planet”
for​ ​a​ ​long​ ​time​ ​but
never​ ​informed
Vladek,​ ​as​ ​she​ ​was
aware​ ​of​ ​the
emotional​ ​toll​ ​it
would​ ​take
...

-After​ ​Vladek​ ​sees
“Prisoner​ ​on​ ​the
Hell​ ​Planet”​ ​this​ ​is
the​ ​first​ ​time​ ​in​ ​the
graphic​ ​novel​ ​Artie
appears​ ​to​ ​comfort
and​ ​have​ ​a
conversation​ ​with

Survival​ ​and
Resourcefulness
-Throughout​ ​this
chapter,​ ​Vladek
demonstrates
resourcefulness
that​ ​contributes​ ​to
him​ ​and​ ​his​ ​family’s
survival
...
​ ​ ​This​ ​relates
to​ ​the​ ​title​ ​page​ ​of
the​ ​chapter,
“Mouse​ ​Holes”
where​ ​the​ ​victims​ ​of
the​ ​Holocaust
attempt​ ​to​ ​hide​ ​in
tight​ ​spaces​ ​to
escape​ ​from​ ​their
captors
...
​ ​His​ ​means

Vladek​ ​worships
Anja​ ​like​ ​a​ ​deity
and​ ​how​ ​she
continues​ ​to​ ​have
an​ ​emotional
impact​ ​on​ ​him​ ​even
in​ ​death
...

“Anja​ ​and​ ​I​ ​didn’t
have​ ​where​ ​to​ ​go
We​ ​walked​ ​in​ ​the
direction​ ​of
Sosnowiec​ ​but
where​ ​to​ ​go?!”
(Page​ ​127)
...
​ ​ ​As​ ​they
walk​ ​on​ ​the
Swastika,​ ​this
symbolises​ ​how
they​ ​can​ ​run​ ​but
never​ ​escape​ ​from
the​ ​Nazis,​ ​relating
back​ ​to​ ​the​ ​title
“Mouse​ ​Holes”
which​ ​connotes​ ​to
being​ ​trapped​ ​in

discomfort​ ​and
emotional​ ​trauma
he​ ​experiences,
while​ ​also​ ​evoking
initial​ ​confusion
from​ ​the​ ​audience
...


Richieu​ ​is​ ​also
taken​ ​by​ ​Persis,
which​ ​in​ ​hindsight
only​ ​delayed​ ​the
inevitable​ ​as​ ​all​ ​the
children​ ​in​ ​Srodula
are​ ​rounded​ ​up​ ​and
executed
...

-In​ ​Srodula,
Germans​ ​start​ ​to
round​ ​up​ ​the​ ​Jews
...
​ ​However
they​ ​are​ ​moved​ ​to​ ​a
different​ ​house
where​ ​Vladek
constructs​ ​another
hideout​ ​in​ ​the​ ​attic
and​ ​accessible​ ​by
the​ ​chandelier​ ​in

him
...


confined​ ​spaces​ ​by
a​ ​pursuer,​ ​in​ ​this
case,​ ​the​ ​Nazis
(symbolised​ ​by
cats)

the​ ​ceiling
...

Initially,​ ​they​ ​think
of​ ​killing​ ​him​ ​as​ ​he
discovered​ ​their
hideout
...

However,​ ​the​ ​next
morning,​ ​the
gestapo​ ​arrive​ ​and
takes​ ​Vladek​ ​and
his​ ​family​ ​to​ ​a
secure​ ​compound
...
​ ​Vladek
asks​ ​his​ ​cousin,
Heskal​ ​for​ ​help​ ​as
he​ ​is​ ​chief​ ​of
Jewish​ ​police
...

-Heskal​ ​is
characterised​ ​as​ ​a
schemer​ ​and
opportunist,​ ​as
Anja’s​ ​parents​ ​send
their​ ​valuables​ ​to
Heskal​ ​though​ ​he
chooses​ ​not​ ​to​ ​help
them
...

-As​ ​Nazis​ ​transport
Jews​ ​from​ ​Srodula
to​ ​Auschwitz,​ ​Anja
and​ ​Vladek​ ​hide​ ​in
a​ ​bunker​ ​without
food​ ​and​ ​after​ ​a​ ​few
days,​ ​they​ ​bribe
guards​ ​to​ ​allow
them​ ​to​ ​escape
...


-Vladek​ ​and​ ​Artie
arrive​ ​at​ ​a​ ​bank
...
​ ​ ​Mala
wants​ ​to​ ​inherit​ ​all
of​ ​Vladek’s​ ​wealth,
to​ ​which​ ​Vladek
wonders​ ​why​ ​he
even​ ​married​ ​her
and​ ​cries​ ​from​ ​his
memories​ ​of​ ​Anja
...
​ ​Chapter”​ ​Mouse​ ​Trap”
foreshadows​ ​how​ ​Vladek​ ​and
Anja​ ​are​ ​recaptured​ ​in​ ​a​ ​very
specific​ ​manner
...
​ ​ ​Similarly,​ ​in​ ​this​ ​chapter,
Vladek​ ​and​ ​Anja​ ​escape​ ​back​ ​to
Sosnoweic​ ​where​ ​they​ ​are
informed​ ​of​ ​smugglers​ ​who
would​ ​smuggle​ ​them​ ​to​ ​Hungary
for​ ​the​ ​right​ ​price
...
​ ​ ​Artie​ ​is​ ​also
worried​ ​about​ ​the
way​ ​he​ ​portrays
Vladek​ ​as​ ​a
stereotypical​ ​Jew
due​ ​to​ ​his
compulsion​ ​to​ ​save
...
​ ​ ​“Your
father!​ ​He​ ​treats​ ​me
as​ ​if​ ​I​ ​were​ ​just​ ​a
maid​ ​or​ ​his
nurse
...

Humanises​ ​Mala,
as​ ​we​ ​previously
only​ ​saw​ ​Vladek’s
side​ ​of​ ​the​ ​story
and​ ​how​ ​Vladek
-Artie​ ​shows​ ​Vladek was​ ​annoyed​ ​by

-Father​ ​and​ ​Son
...
​ ​ ​“See
here​ ​are​ ​the​ ​black
market​ ​Jews​ ​they
hanged​ ​in
Sosnoweic”​ ​(Page
135)
...
​ ​ ​“Those
aren’t​ ​rats
...
​ ​ ​One
ran​ ​over​ ​my​ ​hand
before
...

The​ ​animal
metaphor​ ​breaks
down​ ​when​ ​Anja​ ​is
afraid​ ​of​ ​a​ ​rat​ ​in​ ​this
scene
...

The​ ​content​ ​that
appears​ ​in​ ​open
borders​ ​appears​ ​to
pertain​ ​to​ ​more
than​ ​one​ ​individual,
and​ ​is​ ​universal
...
​ ​ ​In​ ​this

are​ ​placed​ ​in​ ​a​ ​truck​ ​and
transported​ ​to​ ​Auschwitz

initial​ ​drawings​ ​from
the​ ​comic​ ​Maus
...

-Vladek​ ​continues
his​ ​story​ ​in​ ​1944
where​ ​he​ ​and​ ​Anja
return​ ​to​ ​Sosnoweic
after​ ​escaping​ ​the
compound
...

They​ ​subsequently
try​ ​Anja’s​ ​father’s
old​ ​house​ ​where
they​ ​are​ ​accepted
and​ ​permitted​ ​to
hide​ ​there
...

-Mala​ ​also
mentions​ ​“I​ ​feel​ ​like
I’m​ ​in​ ​Prison!​ ​I​ ​feel
like​ ​I’m​ ​going​ ​to
burst!”​ ​(Page​ ​132)
...


-Artie​ ​also​ ​wonders
why​ ​Vladek​ ​has​ ​a
compulsion​ ​to​ ​save
but​ ​wonders​ ​why
the​ ​other​ ​survivors
lack​ ​this​ ​personality
trait
...

Vladek’s
compulsion​ ​to​ ​save
is​ ​part​ ​of​ ​his
resourceful

and​ ​Vladek​ ​all
share​ ​a​ ​brief​ ​yet
intimate
relationship​ ​when
Artie​ ​shares​ ​his
work​ ​with​ ​Vladek,
rather​ ​than​ ​being
dismissive​ ​like​ ​he
was​ ​previously
...


mice​ ​which
symbolise​ ​the​ ​Jews
are
anthropomorphic
mice
...


example​ ​Vladek
and​ ​Artie​ ​discuss
the​ ​former​ ​person’s
desire​ ​to​ ​be
smuggled​ ​into
Hungary,​ ​though
the​ ​situation​ ​applies
to​ ​not​ ​only​ ​him​ ​but
other​ ​Jews​ ​seeking
to​ ​escape​ ​as​ ​well
...
​ ​Kawka,​ ​who
allows​ ​them​ ​to​ ​stay
at​ ​a​ ​farm​ ​outside​ ​of
town
...

Motonowa​ ​to
shelter​ ​them​ ​in​ ​her
house,​ ​though​ ​she
charges​ ​them​ ​for
her​ ​services
...

However,​ ​when​ ​the
gestapo​ ​search​ ​her
house,​ ​she​ ​forces
them​ ​out​ ​in​ ​panic
where​ ​Anja​ ​and
Vladek​ ​find​ ​a
construction​ ​site​ ​to
take​ ​refuge​ ​in
...

Kawka​ ​informs
them​ ​of​ ​smugglers
who​ ​can​ ​smuggle
them​ ​to​ ​Hungary​ ​for

trait/characteristic
...

Shows​ ​how​ ​while
the​ ​war​ ​is​ ​over,​ ​the
psychological
impacts​ ​of​ ​the​ ​war
continue​ ​to​ ​persist
among​ ​the
survivors
...

-As​ ​Vladek​ ​walks
around​ ​the​ ​street,
German​ ​kids​ ​see
him​ ​and​ ​run​ ​away
screaming​ ​that​ ​he
is​ ​a​ ​Jew
...

-When​ ​Vladek
returns​ ​to​ ​Ms
...

They​ ​board​ ​the
smugglers​ ​train​ ​but
within​ ​an​ ​hour,​ ​all
their​ ​possessions
are​ ​confiscated​ ​and
it​ ​is​ ​revealed​ ​they
have​ ​been​ ​betrayed
by​ ​the​ ​smugglers
as​ ​they​ ​are​ ​sent​ ​to
Auschwitz
...

● Why​ ​are​ ​the​ ​works​ ​you​ ​have​ ​studied​ ​considered​ ​“literary”​ ​texts?​ ​ ​Identify​ ​and​ ​discuss​ ​some​ ​of​ ​the​ ​features​ ​that​ ​make​ ​at​ ​least
two​ ​of​ ​the​ ​texts​ ​you​ ​have​ ​studied​ ​literary
...

○ How​ ​are​ ​the​ ​two​ ​works​ ​literary?​ ​Also​ ​have​ ​to​ ​talk​ ​about​ ​the​ ​features
...
​ ​ ​You​ ​define​ ​a​ ​term,​ ​examiner​ ​goes​ ​by​ ​the​ ​definition​ ​as​ ​long​ ​as​ ​it​ ​is
a​ ​reasonable​ ​definition
...

○ Organisational​ ​patterns​ ​to​ ​set​ ​up​ ​in​ ​this​ ​question
...
​ ​ ​Structure​ ​thematically
■ Text​ ​by​ ​text
...
​ ​ ​Text​ ​1​ ​feature​ ​2
...
​ ​ ​Text​ ​2​ ​feature​ ​4
...
​ ​ ​Feature​ ​1​ ​in​ ​text​ ​1​ ​and​ ​text​ ​2
...
​ ​ ​Feature​ ​3​ ​in​ ​text​ ​1​ ​and
text​ ​2
...
​ ​ ​Only​ ​works​ ​if​ ​all​ ​the​ ​features​ ​are​ ​equal​ ​in​ ​both​ ​texts
...

1st​ ​Paragraph:
-For​ ​example,​ ​Maus​ ​features​ ​narrative​ ​shifts​ ​between​ ​Artie​ ​and​ ​Vladek
...

Sometimes​ ​he​ ​digresses​ ​from​ ​his​ ​initial​ ​story,​ ​causing​ ​Artie​ ​to​ ​occasionally​ ​interrupt​ ​Vladek,​ ​requesting​ ​him​ ​shift​ ​the​ ​narrative
to​ ​accommodate​ ​Artie’s​ ​desire​ ​to​ ​create​ ​a​ ​graphic​ ​novel
...
​ ​ ​“When​ ​we
were​ ​in​ ​the​ ​ghetto​ ​in​ ​1943
...
​ ​ ​This​ ​contributes​ ​to​ ​the​ ​tension​ ​between​ ​Vladek​ ​and​ ​Artie,​ ​as​ ​Vladek​ ​is​ ​sometimes
reluctant​ ​to​ ​comply​ ​with​ ​Artie’s​ ​requests,​ ​as​ ​seen​ ​in​ ​the​ ​first​ ​chapter​ ​where​ ​he​ ​reluctantly​ ​discusses​ ​his​ ​relationship​ ​with​ ​Anja
...
​ ​ ​Prior​ ​to​ ​this​ ​scene,​ ​Vladek​ ​also​ ​ruminates​ ​about​ ​the​ ​loss​ ​of​ ​Richieu,​ ​though​ ​Artie​ ​acts​ ​indifferent,​ ​briefly​ ​asking​ ​his
father​ ​to​ ​keep​ ​the​ ​story​ ​chronological​ ​despite​ ​the​ ​evident​ ​trauma​ ​Vladek​ ​experiences,​ ​which​ ​becomes​ ​evident​ ​from​ ​his
fragmented​ ​English​ ​(though​ ​Vladek’s​ ​fragmented​ ​English​ ​may​ ​be​ ​exaggerated​ ​by​ ​Artie​ ​as​ ​an​ ​artistic​ ​choice​ ​to​ ​emphasise

Vladek’s​ ​emotional​ ​trauma)
...
​ ​ ​Narrative​ ​shifts​ ​between​ ​Artie​ ​and​ ​Vladek​ ​reinforce​ ​the​ ​notion​ ​that​ ​the​ ​graphic​ ​novel​ ​consists​ ​of
Artie’s​ ​interpretation​ ​of​ ​Vladek’s​ ​story,​ ​metanarration​ ​and​ ​subject​ ​to​ ​memory
-Mediated​ ​meaning:​ ​meaning​ ​given​ ​to​ ​us​ ​by​ ​someone​ ​is​ ​interpreted​ ​by​ ​someone​ ​else
-How​ ​is​ ​it​ ​literary?​ ​Content​ ​they​ ​talk​ ​about​ ​still​ ​relevant​ ​to​ ​contemporary​ ​generation
...
​ ​ ​Artie​ ​is​ ​similar​ ​to​ ​Vladek​ ​both​ ​are​ ​rebels
...
​ ​ ​For​ ​example,​ ​in​ ​Chapter​ ​4,​ ​the​ ​star​ ​of​ ​David
appears​ ​reminiscent​ ​of​ ​the​ ​spotlight​ ​which​ ​is​ ​a​ ​recurring​ ​motif​ ​in​ ​the​ ​graphic​ ​novel
...
​ ​ ​Prologue​ ​is​ ​an​ ​anecdote,​ ​as​ ​it​ ​is​ ​a​ ​snapshot​ ​and​ ​does​ ​not​ ​relate​ ​to​ ​anything
else
...

-Already​ ​have​ ​hand​ ​motif​ ​in​ ​prologue,​ ​see​ ​first​ ​indication​ ​of​ ​intergenerational​ ​understanding​ ​with​ ​Artie​ ​crying​ ​and​ ​his​ ​father
being​ ​unsympathetic
...

-Characterisation​ ​of​ ​Artie,​ ​he​ ​is​ ​softer​ ​as​ ​he​ ​runs​ ​to​ ​his​ ​father
...

-Use​ ​of​ ​motif​ ​(all​ ​motifs​ ​are​ ​recurring​ ​symbols​ ​raised​ ​to​ ​thematic​ ​importance)
...
​ ​ ​Develops​ ​the​ ​theme​ ​that
people’s​ ​past​ ​continue​ ​to​ ​impact​ ​contemporary​ ​world
...
​ ​ ​Conveyed​ ​through​ ​visual​ ​motifs
and​ ​other​ ​visual​ ​elements
-Define​ ​literary​ ​works​ ​as​ ​including​ ​features​ ​that​ ​help​ ​construct​ ​underlying/implicit​ ​meaning​ ​that​ ​recur​ ​throughout​ ​the​ ​text
...

-Who​ ​tells​ ​us​ ​about​ ​Anja’s​ ​uncertainty?
-Uncertain,​ ​dependent​ ​on​ ​Vladek’s​ ​recount​ ​of​ ​her
-Why​ ​does​ ​Vladek​ ​want​ ​to​ ​understand​ ​her?​ ​Wants​ ​to​ ​understand​ ​why​ ​she​ ​kills​ ​herself
...
​ ​ ​With​ ​notion​ ​that​ ​it​ ​took​ ​Vladek​ ​completely​ ​by​ ​surprise
...

-Juxtaposes​ ​Vladek’s​ ​characterisation,​ ​Vladek​ ​is​ ​rather​ ​traditional,​ ​wants​ ​to​ ​maintain​ ​his​ ​stoic​ ​masculinity
-Vladek​ ​appears​ ​as​ ​a​ ​womanizer​ ​with​ ​Lucia
...
​ ​Allows​ ​those​ ​who​ ​are
silenced​ ​to​ ​be​ ​able​ ​to​ ​speak,​ ​Anja​ ​speaks​ ​through​ ​Vladek​ ​and​ ​Artie
...
​ ​Silencing
whether​ ​literal​ ​or​ ​figurative
...
​ ​ ​Finds​ ​out​ ​it​ ​is​ ​to​ ​deal​ ​with​ ​her​ ​anxiety
...
​ ​ ​Interesting​ ​how​ ​he​ ​writes​ ​down​ ​every​ ​pill,​ ​takes​ ​to​ ​drug​ ​friend​ ​tells​ ​them​ ​what​ ​it​ ​is​ ​for
...

-Prisoner​ ​on​ ​Hell​ ​Planet:​ ​Juxtapose​ ​Anja​ ​smiling​ ​with​ ​Artie​ ​in​ ​first​ ​picture
...
​ ​ ​Door​ ​frame​ ​is​ ​skewed,​ ​reinforces​ ​notion​ ​that​ ​with​ ​the​ ​suicide,​ ​everything​ ​is​ ​skewed,​ ​everything​ ​changes
...
​ ​ ​Hard​ ​to​ ​tell,​ ​but​ ​still​ ​have​ ​conflicts​ ​when​ ​they​ ​are​ ​talking​ ​to​ ​each​ ​other,​ ​not
clear​ ​but​ ​Anja’s​ ​death​ ​still​ ​has​ ​impact​ ​on​ ​relationship
...
​ ​ ​First​ ​time​ ​we​ ​see​ ​Art​ ​outside​ ​of​ ​getting​ ​narrative
...
​ ​ ​On​ ​Prisoner​ ​on​ ​Hell​ ​Planet,​ ​Vladek​ ​seeks​ ​comfort​ ​in​ ​Artie
...

Only​ ​one​ ​where​ ​eyes​ ​are​ ​detailed,​ ​realistic
...
​ ​ ​Of​ ​actual​ ​depiction,​ ​everything
else​ ​is​ ​surreal,​ ​grotesque
...

Parallelism,​ ​“I​ ​felt​ ​confused
...
​ ​ ​These​ ​confused​ ​and​ ​angry​ ​work​ ​together,​ ​but​ ​numb​ ​does​ ​not
...
​ ​ ​Indifference​ ​is​ ​lack​ ​of​ ​feeling,​ ​numb​ ​is​ ​overwhelming​ ​feeling
...

-What​ ​is​ ​it​ ​that​ ​enhances​ ​nature​ ​of​ ​conflict?
-Caliban​ ​wants​ ​to​ ​kill​ ​Prospero​ ​in​ ​his​ ​cell
...
​ ​ ​Important​ ​because​ ​that​ ​is​ ​where​ ​all​ ​his​ ​books​ ​are
...


-All​ ​characters​ ​in​ ​DATM,​ ​Maus,​ ​Tempest​ ​are​ ​survivors​ ​of​ ​definitive​ ​traumas
...

Vladek​ ​burns​ ​her​ ​diaries
...
​ ​ ​In​ ​Page​ ​161,​ ​borderless​ ​panel,​ ​shadows​ ​streaking
behind,​ ​panel​ ​bleed​ ​(extend​ ​beyond​ ​border)​ ​Artie’s​ ​shadow​ ​stretches​ ​back
...
​ ​ ​Ellipses​ ​shows​ ​that​ ​it​ ​was​ ​on​ ​his​ ​mind​ ​in​ ​the​ ​final​ ​exchange
...
​ ​ ​Why
doesn’t​ ​he​ ​tell​ ​Vladek​ ​this?​ ​Borderless​ ​panel,​ ​ellipses​ ​symbolising​ ​continous,​ ​significance​ ​of​ ​final​ ​panel:​ ​Shows​ ​him​ ​moving
on​ ​to​ ​the​ ​next​ ​book,​ ​lack​ ​of​ ​border​ ​shows​ ​how​ ​it​ ​bleeds​ ​onto​ ​the​ ​entire​ ​page​ ​after​ ​all​ ​the​ ​things​ ​he​ ​gets​ ​the​ ​last​ ​thought
...
​ ​ ​His​ ​features​ ​absent​ ​from​ ​us,​ ​possibly​ ​feels​ ​guilt​ ​for​ ​what​ ​he​ ​says
...

-Does​ ​Paulina​ ​love​ ​Gerardo?
-What​ ​does​ ​singular​ ​trauma​ ​do​ ​to​ ​expression​ ​of​ ​love?​ ​At​ ​what​ ​point​ ​does​ ​Vladek’s​ ​love​ ​become​ ​codependence​ ​(with​ ​Mala)
...
​ ​ ​Between​ ​Miranda​ ​and​ ​Ferdinand,​ ​is​ ​it​ ​love?​ ​Possibly​ ​more​ ​lust,
Miranda​ ​is​ ​too​ ​innocent​ ​does​ ​not​ ​know​ ​what​ ​lust​ ​is,​ ​they​ ​both​ ​think​ ​they​ ​are​ ​beautiful
...

-Vladek's​ ​reliability​ ​as​ ​the​ ​narrator​ ​is​ ​brought​ ​into​ ​question​ ​here,​ ​as​ ​the​ ​accuracy​ ​of​ ​his​ ​story​ ​is​ ​subject​ ​to​ ​memory,​ ​which​ ​he
possibly​ ​represses​ ​due​ ​to​ ​the​ ​trauma​ ​he​ ​experiences
...
​ ​Roberto
...

-Tempest:
-Prospero’s​ ​overindulgence​ ​of​ ​knowledge,​ ​cuts​ ​himself​ ​off​ ​from​ ​everyone​ ​else
...
​ ​ ​To​ ​what​ ​extent
does​ ​past​ ​influences​ ​the​ ​present​ ​in​ ​two​ ​works​ ​you​ ​have​ ​read?
-Future​ ​of​ ​Tempest:​ ​Miranda​ ​and​ ​Ferdinand​ ​are​ ​married,​ ​committed​ ​to​ ​each​ ​other
...
​ ​ ​Gives
audience​ ​power​ ​over​ ​them​ ​judging​ ​him
...

-Second​ ​female​ ​character​ ​in​ ​Tempest,​ ​Sycorax​ ​(Prospero​ ​able​ ​to​ ​subdue​ ​her),​ ​Ferdinand​ ​sails​ ​for​ ​Clarabelle​ ​as​ ​she​ ​is​ ​getting
married​ ​in​ ​Egypt​ ​(plot​ ​wise,​ ​puts​ ​them​ ​on​ ​open​ ​seas​ ​where​ ​Prospero​ ​causes​ ​them​ ​to​ ​be​ ​brought​ ​to​ ​island),​ ​Alonso​ ​is​ ​doing
rightful​ ​thing,​ ​getting​ ​his​ ​daughter​ ​set​ ​up​ ​in​ ​royal​ ​marriage
...
​ ​ ​King’s
responsibility​ ​to​ ​marry
...
​ ​ ​The​ ​reason​ ​Miranda​ ​and
Ferdinand​ ​to​ ​be​ ​married​ ​because​ ​geopolitically,​ ​it​ ​is​ ​good​ ​idea,​ ​houses​ ​both​ ​combine,​ ​both​ ​kids​ ​sit​ ​on​ ​both​ ​thrones​ ​which
joins​ ​two​ ​city​ ​states
...
​ ​ ​(Relate​ ​to​ ​Foil​ ​characters​ ​for​ ​Paper​ ​2)
...
​ ​ ​Want​ ​thematic​ ​statement

Discuss​ ​how​ ​parent-child​ ​relationships​ ​impact​ ​key​ ​themes​ ​in​ ​two​ ​literary​ ​works​ ​studied
...

-Prospero​ ​justifies​ ​his​ ​actions
-Needs​ ​Miranda​ ​so​ ​she​ ​could​ ​marry​ ​Ferdinand,​ ​allowing​ ​them​ ​to​ ​return​ ​to​ ​Milan
-One​ ​of​ ​reasons​ ​Prospero​ ​has​ ​to​ ​think​ ​about​ ​why​ ​Fredinand?​ ​Wants​ ​to​ ​ensure​ ​dynastic​ ​stability,​ ​offspring​ ​of​ ​the​ ​union​ ​will​ ​be​ ​on
throne​ ​of​ ​both​ ​Milan​ ​and​ ​Naples
...
​ ​ ​He​ ​justifies​ ​creating​ ​the​ ​Tempest​ ​to​ ​Miranda​ ​by
informing​ ​her​ ​of​ ​his​ ​story
...
​ ​ ​Eg
...

-Why​ ​does​ ​Art​ ​include​ ​the​ ​Vladek’s​ ​story​ ​with​ ​Anja?
-Considers​ ​it​ ​vital
-Discovery​ ​of​ ​his​ ​father,​ ​where​ ​he​ ​came​ ​from
...
​ ​ ​Vladek​ ​knows​ ​how​ ​things​ ​need​ ​to​ ​be​ ​done,​ ​follows​ ​through​ ​on
them,​ ​Art​ ​does​ ​the​ ​same
...
​ ​ ​Artie​ ​is​ ​resentful​ ​of
Anja​ ​being​ ​manipulative​ ​ ​Artie​ ​also​ ​has​ ​chronic​ ​depression​ ​from​ ​Anja
...
​ ​ ​Vladek​ ​is​ ​not​ ​depressed,​ ​he​ ​is​ ​mentally​ ​strong,​ ​can​ ​suppress​ ​his​ ​emotions​ ​and​ ​pragmatic,​ ​Anja​ ​cannot​ ​control​ ​her
emotions​ ​because​ ​of​ ​her​ ​wounded​ ​psyche
...

-Significance​ ​of​ ​Anja’s​ ​suicide:​ ​She​ ​kills​ ​herself​ ​after​ ​the​ ​Holocaust​ ​in​ ​1968
...
​ ​ ​Wanted​ ​to​ ​understand​ ​why​ ​she​ ​committed​ ​suicide​ ​and
why​ ​she​ ​left​ ​no​ ​note
...

-In​ ​Prisoner​ ​on​ ​the​ ​Hell​ ​Planet,​ ​Artie​ ​is​ ​resentful​ ​of​ ​how​ ​Anja​ ​manipulates​ ​him
...
​ ​ ​Page​ ​Numbers​ ​establish​ ​time,​ ​but​ ​since​ ​Prisoner​ ​on​ ​Hell​ ​Planet​ ​has​ ​no​ ​Page
Numbers,​ ​removes​ ​elemtns​ ​of​ ​time
...
​ ​ ​Language​ ​“wrists-slashed”,​ ​turned​ ​her​ ​into​ ​a​ ​cliche​ ​of​ ​a​ ​suicidal​ ​woman​ ​who​ ​kills
her​ ​self​ ​in​ ​a​ ​bathtub
...
​ ​ ​Artie​ ​also​ ​presents​ ​Anja​ ​as​ ​weak,​ ​expression​ ​of
anger​ ​how​ ​he​ ​depicts​ ​her
...
​ ​ ​Artie​ ​controls​ ​her​ ​image​ ​and
is​ ​controlled​ ​by​ ​it
...
​ ​ ​Put​ ​it​ ​in​ ​the​ ​work​ ​and​ ​put​ ​it​ ​where​ ​he​ ​does​ ​put​ ​it,​ ​becomes​ ​part​ ​of​ ​narrative
because​ ​Mala​ ​introduces​ ​it,​ ​he​ ​does​ ​not​ ​have​ ​to​ ​tell​ ​us​ ​what​ ​it​ ​is,​ ​but​ ​he​ ​shows​ ​us​ ​himself
...

Paper​ ​2​ ​Tips
Between​ ​1​ ​min​ ​to​ ​1:30​ ​min
-Check​ ​thesis​ ​(does​ ​it​ ​answer​ ​the​ ​question​ ​in​ ​its​ ​entirely)​ ​(Criteria​ ​B)

-Proofreading​ ​language
-Main​ ​ideas​ ​(topic​ ​sentences)​ ​all​ ​link​ ​to​ ​(support)​ ​thesis
-Evidence​ ​supports​ ​main​ ​ideas​ ​(evidence​ ​needs​ ​to​ ​be​ ​specific)​ ​(Criteria​ ​A​ ​and​ ​C)
-Order​ ​and​ ​sequencing​ ​of​ ​development​ ​(structure)
-Euphimism

Maus​ ​Discussion​ ​Questions

a/​ ​ ​What​ ​role​ ​does​ ​Mala​ ​play​ ​in​ ​the​ ​text?​ ​What​ ​lesson​ ​is​ ​her​ ​relationship​ ​with​ ​Vladek​ ​meant​ ​to​ ​convey?
-Role​ ​of​ ​individuals​ ​in​ ​society
-What​ ​is​ ​the​ ​significance​ ​of​ ​supplementary,​ ​minor​ ​characters?
-Discuss​ ​the​ ​role​ ​of​ ​FOIL​ ​characters
...

-​ ​“Literature​ ​often​ ​intends​ ​to​ ​convey​ ​morals​ ​or​ ​lessons”​ ​to​ ​what​ ​extent​ ​is​ ​this​ ​seen​ ​in​ ​two​ ​works?
-Mala​ ​is​ ​Vladek’s​ ​second​ ​wife​ ​after​ ​Anja
...
​ ​ ​For​ ​example,​ ​Vladek​ ​claims​ ​“For​ ​my​ ​condition​ ​I​ ​must​ ​fight​ ​to​ ​save
myself”​ ​(Page​ ​28),​ ​as​ ​he​ ​rejects​ ​suggestions​ ​and​ ​help​ ​from​ ​his​ ​doctor
...

-​ ​“And​ ​she​ ​screamed​ ​I​ ​want​ ​the​ ​money!​ ​The​ ​money!​ ​The​ ​Money!”​ ​(Page​ ​129)
...
​ ​ ​Vladek’s​ ​repetition​ ​of​ ​the​ ​words​ ​“The​ ​money!”​ ​indicate​ ​Mala’s​ ​obsessive
desire​ ​for​ ​Vladek’s​ ​wealth
...
​ ​ ​Similarly,​ ​Mala​ ​is​ ​portrayed​ ​as
acquisitive​ ​by​ ​Vladek​ ​(indicated​ ​earlier​ ​through​ ​her​ ​repetition​ ​of​ ​the​ ​words​ ​“The​ ​Money!”)
...
​ ​ ​“Pssh​ ​at​ ​Korvettes​ ​you​ ​could​ ​find​ ​it​ ​for
maximum​ ​$35”
...
​ ​ ​For

example,​ ​Vladek’s​ ​compulsion​ ​to​ ​save​ ​which​ ​is​ ​portrayed​ ​as​ ​a​ ​stereotype​ ​in​ ​present​ ​day​ ​contributed​ ​to​ ​his​ ​survival​ ​during
the​ ​Holocaust​ ​as​ ​food​ ​was​ ​scarce
...
​ ​ ​“Your​ ​father!​ ​He​ ​treats​ ​me​ ​as​ ​if​ ​I​ ​were​ ​just​ ​a
maid​ ​or​ ​his​ ​nurse
...
​ ​ ​Humanises​ ​Mala,​ ​as​ ​we​ ​previously​ ​only​ ​saw​ ​Vladek’s​ ​side​ ​of​ ​the​ ​story​ ​and​ ​how​ ​Vladek​ ​was
provoked​ ​by​ ​Mala
...
​ ​ ​Mala​ ​does​ ​not​ ​allow​ ​Vladek​ ​to​ ​control​ ​her​ ​(power​ ​dynamics)
...
​ ​ ​Controlling​ ​nature​ ​extends​ ​beyond​ ​what​ ​is​ ​shown
...
​ ​ ​Mala​ ​unlike​ ​Anja​ ​is​ ​emotionally​ ​strong,
cannot​ ​see​ ​her​ ​committing​ ​suicide
...
​ ​ ​Strong​ ​survivor​ ​types​ ​who​ ​are​ ​perfectly​ ​capable​ ​of​ ​making​ ​it​ ​clear​ ​what​ ​they​ ​need​ ​to​ ​do​ ​to
survive
...
​ ​ ​Often​ ​we​ ​see​ ​Artie​ ​frustrated​ ​with​ ​Vladek,​ ​treats​ ​with​ ​disrespect
...
​ ​ ​Every​ ​element​ ​of​ ​text​ ​shaped​ ​by​ ​Artie,
Spiegelman​ ​chose​ ​what​ ​gets​ ​put​ ​in​ ​and​ ​how​ ​it​ ​gets​ ​put​ ​in
...

-What​ ​is​ ​the​ ​message​ ​of​ ​the​ ​relationship​ ​to​ ​convey?
-Do​ ​not​ ​love​ ​each​ ​other​ ​but​ ​transactional​ ​relationship
...
​ ​ ​Mala​ ​and​ ​Vladek’s​ ​relationship​ ​similar​ ​to​ ​business​ ​deal
...
​ ​ ​In​ ​Book​ ​2​ ​where​ ​Mala​ ​returns
...

-

b/​ ​Discuss​ ​the​ ​significance​ ​and​ ​function​ ​of​ ​the​ ​comic​ ​book​ ​within​ ​the​ ​graphic​ ​novel
...


-No​ ​Page​ ​numbers​ ​on​ ​Prisoner​ ​on​ ​Hell​ ​Planet
...

-Anja​ ​presented​ ​graphically,​ ​with​ ​focus​ ​on​ ​body
...
​ ​ ​She​ ​is​ ​his​ ​jailer​ ​because​ ​of​ ​what​ ​happens​ ​on​ ​fourth​ ​page
...
​ ​ ​Pure​ ​anger​ ​that​ ​he​ ​depicts​ ​her​ ​of​ ​this​ ​way,​ ​reduces​ ​her​ ​as​ ​object​ ​and​ ​cliche
...

-This​ ​is​ ​him​ ​recounting​ ​how​ ​he​ ​processed​ ​her​ ​suicide
...
​ ​ ​Artie​ ​takes​ ​responsibility​ ​to​ ​show​ ​it
...
​ ​ ​Juxtapose​ ​how​ ​she​ ​is​ ​expressed​ ​as​ ​pound​ ​of​ ​flesh​ ​in
graphic​ ​death
...
​ ​ ​See
breakdown​ ​of​ ​Artie​ ​and​ ​Vladek’s​ ​relationship
...

-Most​ ​things​ ​are​ ​in​ ​real​ ​time​ ​except​ ​Prisoner​ ​on​ ​Hell​ ​Planet​ ​and​ ​Prologue
...
​ ​In
Prologue,​ ​Vladek​ ​not​ ​sympathetic​ ​to​ ​Art,​ ​not​ ​a​ ​ton​ ​of​ ​warmth,​ ​more​ ​emphasis​ ​on​ ​what​ ​the​ ​boy​ ​can​ ​learn​ ​rather​ ​than​ ​comforting​ ​him
...
​ ​ ​ ​Artie​ ​cries,​ ​moment​ ​to​ ​moment​ ​transition​ ​slows​ ​it
...
​ ​ ​These​ ​are​ ​the​ ​only​ ​drawings​ ​that​ ​are​ ​realistic
...
​ ​ ​Why
clattering?​ ​Can​ ​only​ ​happen​ ​in​ ​emptyness,​ ​when​ ​there​ ​is​ ​space​ ​where​ ​things​ ​can​ ​clatter
...
​ ​I​ ​felt​ ​angry​ ​I
felt​ ​numb”
...
​ ​ ​Numbness​ ​is​ ​lack​ ​of​ ​feelings​ ​because​ ​you​ ​feel​ ​so
overwhelmed​ ​you​ ​cannot​ ​feel​ ​emotion,​ ​shut​ ​down​ ​because​ ​you​ ​cannot​ ​pick​ ​out​ ​any​ ​one​ ​feeling​ ​(does​ ​not​ ​mean​ ​indifferent)
...
​ ​ ​Confused​ ​recognised​ ​there​ ​are​ ​different​ ​emotions,​ ​numbness​ ​cannot
recognise​ ​the​ ​emotions
...

-Distorted​ ​visuals​ ​allow​ ​the​ ​audience​ ​to​ ​experience​ ​the​ ​same​ ​type​ ​of​ ​distortion​ ​that​ ​Artie​ ​experiences​ ​from​ ​the​ ​event,​ ​does​ ​not​ ​know
the​ ​extent​ ​of​ ​his​ ​guilt
...
​ ​ ​“She​ ​wants​ ​that​ ​I​ ​give​ ​nothing​ ​for​ ​my​ ​brother​ ​in​ ​Israel”​ ​(Page​ ​129)
...
​ ​ ​Immediately,​ ​he​ ​speaks​ ​with​ ​a
fragmented​ ​tone​ ​as​ ​it​ ​becomes​ ​increasingly​ ​difficult​ ​for​ ​audience​ ​to​ ​comprehend​ ​his​ ​speech
...
​ ​ ​Since​ ​the​ ​audience​ ​finds​ ​it​ ​more​ ​difficult​ ​to
understand​ ​Vladek​ ​as​ ​he​ ​discusses​ ​his​ ​traumatic​ ​experiences​ ​due​ ​to​ ​his​ ​fragmented​ ​tone,​ ​the​ ​audience’s​ ​initial​ ​difficulty
in​ ​comprehending​ ​Vladek’s​ ​speech​ ​parallels​ ​and​ ​alludes​ ​to​ ​how​ ​Vladek​ ​PSYCHOLOGICALLY​ ​finds​ ​it​ ​difficult​ ​to​ ​recall​ ​the
memories
...
​ ​ ​“Always​ ​tosha​ ​carried
around​ ​her​ ​neck​ ​some​ ​poison”​ ​(Page​ ​111)
...
​ ​ ​Audiences​ ​difficulty​ ​in​ ​comprehending​ ​parallels​ ​how​ ​Vladek​ ​psychologically
finds​ ​it​ ​difficult​ ​to​ ​recall
...
​ ​ ​Sometimes​ ​he​ ​digresses​ ​from​ ​his​ ​initial​ ​story,​ ​causing​ ​Artie​ ​to​ ​occasionally​ ​interrupt
Vladek,​ ​requesting​ ​him​ ​shift​ ​the​ ​narrative​ ​to​ ​accommodate​ ​Artie’s​ ​desire​ ​to​ ​create​ ​a​ ​graphic​ ​novel
...
​ ​ ​“When​ ​we​ ​were​ ​in​ ​the​ ​ghetto​ ​in​ ​1943
...
​ ​ ​This​ ​contributes​ ​to​ ​the​ ​tension​ ​between​ ​Vladek​ ​and​ ​Artie,​ ​as​ ​Vladek​ ​is
sometimes​ ​reluctant​ ​to​ ​comply​ ​with​ ​Artie’s​ ​requests,​ ​as​ ​seen​ ​in​ ​the​ ​first​ ​chapter​ ​where​ ​he​ ​reluctantly​ ​discusses​ ​his​ ​relationship​ ​with
Anja
...
​ ​ ​Prior​ ​to​ ​this​ ​scene,​ ​Vladek​ ​also​ ​ruminates​ ​about​ ​the​ ​loss​ ​of​ ​Richieu,​ ​though​ ​Artie​ ​acts​ ​indifferent,​ ​briefly​ ​asking​ ​his​ ​father
to​ ​keep​ ​the​ ​story​ ​chronological​ ​despite​ ​the​ ​evident​ ​trauma​ ​Vladek​ ​experiences,​ ​which​ ​becomes​ ​evident​ ​from​ ​his​ ​fragmented​ ​English
(though​ ​Vladek’s​ ​fragmented​ ​English​ ​may​ ​be​ ​exaggerated​ ​by​ ​Artie​ ​as​ ​an​ ​artistic​ ​choice​ ​to​ ​emphasise​ ​Vladek’s​ ​emotional​ ​trauma)
...


Similarities​ ​with​ ​Tempest:
-Juxtaposition​ ​between​ ​Caliban​ ​and​ ​Ariel’s​ ​language
...
​ ​ ​“You​ ​taught​ ​me​ ​language​ ​and​ ​my​ ​profit
on’t​ ​is,​ ​I​ ​know​ ​how​ ​to​ ​curse
...
​ ​ ​In​ ​this​ ​line,​ ​Caliban​ ​is​ ​claiming​ ​that
Prospero​ ​taught​ ​him​ ​language​ ​but​ ​Caliban​ ​only​ ​uses​ ​it​ ​to​ ​curse​ ​out​ ​of​ ​spite​ ​and​ ​resentment
...
​ ​ ​This​ ​influences​ ​the​ ​reader’s​ ​understanding​ ​of​ ​Prospero​ ​as​ ​a
colonial​ ​figure,​ ​as​ ​he​ ​subjugates​ ​and​ ​imposes​ ​his​ ​language​ ​on​ ​Caliban​ ​who​ ​was​ ​the​ ​original​ ​inhabitant​ ​of​ ​the​ ​island
...


-Ariel’s​ ​language​ ​juxtaposes​ ​the​ ​aggressive​ ​tone​ ​of​ ​Caliban’s,​ ​as​ ​he​ ​speaks​ ​in​ ​a​ ​more​ ​poetic​ ​tone
...

Similarities​ ​with​ ​Death​ ​and​ ​the​ ​Maiden:
-Use​ ​of​ ​language​ ​in​ ​construction​ ​of​ ​memory
...
​ ​Miranda’s​ ​language​ ​and​ ​how​ ​Paulina​ ​remembers​ ​it
...
​ ​ ​Paulina​ ​heavily​ ​relies​ ​on​ ​anecdotal​ ​evidence​ ​such​ ​as​ ​Dr
...
​ ​ ​However,​ ​Paulina’s​ ​use​ ​of​ ​anecdotal​ ​evidence​ ​as​ ​well​ ​as​ ​her​ ​memory​ ​evokes
skepticism​ ​from​ ​the​ ​audience,​ ​as​ ​these​ ​are​ ​susceptible​ ​to​ ​inaccuracies
...

Miranda​ ​predominantly​ ​based​ ​on​ ​his​ ​speech​ ​raises​ ​doubt​ ​as​ ​to​ ​whether​ ​Paulina​ ​is​ ​paranoid​ ​or​ ​if​ ​Dr
...
​ ​ ​This​ ​renders​ ​it​ ​difficult​ ​for​ ​the​ ​audience​ ​to​ ​judge​ ​either​ ​Paulina​ ​or​ ​Dr
...

Similarly,​ ​in​ ​Maus,​ ​the​ ​audience​ ​is​ ​aware​ ​of​ ​metanarrative​ ​and​ ​how​ ​Vladek’s​ ​narrations​ ​may​ ​not​ ​be​ ​accurate​ ​as​ ​his
memories​ ​may​ ​be​ ​repressed​ ​and​ ​the​ ​accuracy​ ​of​ ​them​ ​is​ ​subject​ ​to​ ​time
...
​ ​ ​Reinforces​ ​the​ ​idea​ ​of​ ​metanarrative​ ​and​ ​how​ ​Artie​ ​constructs​ ​his​ ​father’s​ ​story
based​ ​on​ ​his​ ​interpretation​ ​of​ ​it
...
​ ​ ​In​ ​Death​ ​and​ ​the
Maiden,​ ​Paulina​ ​may​ ​be​ ​torturing​ ​the​ ​wrong​ ​person​ ​while​ ​Vladek’s​ ​inaccuracies​ ​in​ ​recounting​ ​his​ ​past​ ​may​ ​hinder​ ​Artie’s​ ​attempts​ ​to
understand​ ​him
...
​ ​Why​ ​does​ ​the​ ​text​ ​end​ ​as​ ​it​ ​does?​ ​What​ ​is​ ​the​ ​likely​ ​effect​ ​on​ ​the​ ​reader?
-​​ ​Vladek​ ​traumatized​ ​by​ ​Holocaust​ ​and​ ​Anja’s​ ​suicide​ ​(trauma​ ​Anja​ ​inflicts​ ​is​ ​bigger​ ​because​ ​she​ ​is​ ​the​ ​most​ ​recurring
...
​ ​)​ ​and​ ​Artie​ ​is​ ​traumatized​ ​by​ ​Anja’s​ ​suicide
...
Murderer”​ ​ellipses​ ​prior​ ​to​ ​his​ ​speech,​ ​which​ ​is​ ​incorrect
...
​ ​(Continuous,​ ​continues​ ​his​ ​actual​ ​thoughts)
...
​ ​ ​He​ ​moves​ ​towards​ ​the​ ​next​ ​book​ ​for​ ​Richieu
...
​ ​ ​Damnation​ ​in​ ​third​ ​frame,​ ​should​ ​never​ ​yell​ ​at​ ​his​ ​father​ ​like​ ​that
...
​ ​Consider​ ​content,​ ​language,​ ​structure,​ ​and​ ​image
...
​ ​ ​The​ ​graphic
memoir​ ​starts​ ​by​ ​directly​ ​stating​ ​“My​ ​mother’s​ ​suicide​ ​and​ ​his​ ​two​ ​heart​ ​attacks​ ​had​ ​taken​ ​their​ ​toll”​ ​(Page​ ​13)
...
Murderer”​ ​(Page​ ​161)
...
​ ​ ​Art​ ​appears​ ​to​ ​feel​ ​pity​ ​for
his​ ​father​ ​and​ ​highlights​ ​the​ ​traumas​ ​Vladek​ ​survived​ ​such​ ​as​ ​his​ ​mothers​ ​suicide,​ ​heart​ ​attacks​ ​and​ ​the​ ​Holocaust​ ​which
evokes​ ​sympathy​ ​from​ ​the​ ​audience
...
​ ​ ​This​ ​contrasts​ ​Art’s​ ​tone​ ​to​ ​Vladek​ ​in​ ​the​ ​end​ ​of
Maus​ ​I,​ ​where​ ​he​ ​describes​ ​Vladek​ ​as​ ​a​ ​murderer​ ​for​ ​incinerating​ ​Anja’s​ ​diaries
...
​ ​ ​Artie’s
tone​ ​to​ ​Vladek​ ​in​ ​the​ ​end​ ​is​ ​much​ ​more​ ​confrontational​ ​and​ ​hostile​ ​as​ ​a​ ​result
...
​ ​Why​ ​are​ ​they​ ​so​ ​heavily​ ​included?​ ​How​ ​do​ ​they​ ​influence​ ​the​ ​narrative?
-​ ​“And​ ​she​ ​screamed​ ​I​ ​want​ ​the​ ​money!​ ​The​ ​money!​ ​The​ ​Money!”​ ​(Page​ ​129)
...
​ ​ ​Vladek’s​ ​repetition​ ​of​ ​the​ ​words​ ​“The​ ​money!”​ ​indicate​ ​Mala’s​ ​obsessive
desire​ ​for​ ​Vladek’s​ ​wealth
...
​ ​ ​Similarly,​ ​Mala​ ​is​ ​portrayed​ ​as
acquisitive​ ​by​ ​Vladek​ ​(indicated​ ​earlier​ ​through​ ​her​ ​repetition​ ​of​ ​the​ ​words​ ​“The​ ​Money!”)
...
​ ​ ​“Pssh​ ​at​ ​Korvettes​ ​you​ ​could​ ​find​ ​it​ ​for
maximum​ ​$35”
...
​ ​ ​For
example,​ ​Vladek’s​ ​compulsion​ ​to​ ​save​ ​which​ ​is​ ​portrayed​ ​as​ ​a​ ​stereotype​ ​in​ ​present​ ​day​ ​contributed​ ​to​ ​his​ ​survival​ ​during
the​ ​Holocaust​ ​as​ ​food​ ​was​ ​scarce
...


g/​ ​To​ ​what​ ​extent​ ​can​ ​this​ ​text​ ​be​ ​a​ ​voice​ ​for​ ​the​ ​oppressed?​ ​Does​ ​it​ ​add​ ​anything​ ​new​ ​to​ ​our​ ​understanding​ ​of
the​ ​Holocaust?
-Arguably​ ​serves​ ​as​ ​social​ ​commentary
...
​ ​ ​“I​ ​still​ ​want​ ​to​ ​draw​ ​that​ ​book​ ​about​ ​you…”​ ​(Page​ ​14)
...
​ ​ ​In​ ​hindsight,​ ​we​ ​can​ ​understand​ ​that​ ​Vladek​ ​wants​ ​to​ ​know​ ​about​ ​Anja​ ​first​ ​because
in​ ​understanding​ ​Anja,​ ​Art​ ​can​ ​understand​ ​her​ ​better​ ​and​ ​obtain​ ​an​ ​answer​ ​to​ ​why​ ​she​ ​committed​ ​suicide​ ​to
mitigate​ ​the​ ​guilt​ ​he​ ​experiences
...
​ ​ ​Similar​ ​to​ ​how​ ​he​ ​describes​ ​his​ ​father​ ​as​ ​a​ ​murderer​ ​in​ ​the​ ​end​ ​of​ ​Maus​ ​1
...
​ ​ ​Eg
...
​ ​ ​Allusion​ ​to​ ​Jewish
culture​ ​and​ ​Artie’s​ ​lack​ ​of​ ​knowledge​ ​to​ ​it​ ​indicates​ ​how​ ​he​ ​does​ ​not​ ​know​ ​about​ ​his​ ​own​ ​culture,​ ​self​ ​identity​ ​crisis
...
​ ​ ​Shows​ ​how
events​ ​of​ ​the​ ​past​ ​continue​ ​to​ ​influence​ ​that​ ​of​ ​the​ ​present,​ ​as​ ​seen​ ​in​ ​Page​ ​32​ ​where​ ​Vladek’s​ ​pills​ ​bleed​ ​out​ ​of​ ​panel
...
​ ​ ​Nazis​ ​exterminated​ ​Jews,​ ​expanded​ ​due​ ​to​ ​policy​ ​of​ ​lebensraum,​ ​similar​ ​to​ ​how​ ​cats​ ​chase​ ​mice​ ​into​ ​small​ ​holes
...
​ ​ ​Mouse​ ​traps​ ​often​ ​feature​ ​bait​ ​to​ ​lure​ ​the​ ​mice​ ​before
killing​ ​them
...

●

Mix​ ​of​ ​strong​ ​and​ ​weak​ ​points

○

○
○

Generate​ ​5-6​ ​applicable​ ​ideas​ ​that​ ​could​ ​work
...
​ ​ ​If​ ​you​ ​have​ ​1​ ​point​ ​you​ ​must​ ​use​ ​that​ ​is​ ​not
strong,​ ​either​ ​bury​ ​it​ ​in​ ​middle​ ​or​ ​in​ ​the​ ​end
...

If​ ​you​ ​end​ ​with​ ​weak​ ​point​ ​you​ ​likely​ ​write​ ​conclusion​ ​with​ ​less​ ​confidence
...

Double​ ​check​ ​sequencing​ ​of​ ​points
...
​ ​ ​Conclusion
...


●

Contextualization​ ​taking​ ​a​ ​lot​ ​of​ ​time,​ ​deciding​ ​extent​ ​of​ ​context​ ​(Maus​ ​eg
...
​ ​ ​Eg
...
​ ​ ​Mala​ ​marries​ ​Vladek​ ​due​ ​more​ ​to​ ​comfort​ ​and​ ​convenience​ ​rather​ ​than​ ​love
...
​ ​ ​Then​ ​can​ ​analyse,​ ​eg​ ​characterisations
...
​ ​ ​Pure​ ​Criteria​ ​A
...
​ ​ ​Quotes​ ​should​ ​be​ ​obtained​ ​from​ ​scenes
...

○ Spread​ ​out​ ​the​ ​scenes,​ ​one​ ​of​ ​the​ ​ways​ ​you​ ​demonstrate​ ​understanding
...
​ ​ ​Should​ ​include​ ​characterisation,​ ​tone,​ ​motif,​ ​etc
...
​ ​ ​Eg
...
​ ​ ​In​ ​Maus​ ​should​ ​have​ ​discussion​ ​of​ ​visual
...
​ ​ ​Spread​ ​the​ ​scenes​ ​in​ ​the​ ​text
...

Use​ ​short​ ​quotes​ ​which​ ​help​ ​memorisation​ ​but​ ​should​ ​also​ ​be​ ​multi​ ​purpose,​ ​include​ ​features​ ​in​ ​them​ ​and​ ​show​ ​a​ ​lot
about​ ​said​ ​scene
...

○ Can​ ​use​ ​anecdotal​ ​evidence​ ​as​ ​well​ ​not​ ​just​ ​quotes,​ ​just​ ​pull​ ​out​ ​features
...
​ ​ ​Just​ ​to​ ​contextualize​ ​and​ ​set​ ​the​ ​stage



---