Search for notes by fellow students, in your own course and all over the country.
Browse our notes for titles which look like what you need, you can preview any of the notes via a sample of the contents. After you're happy these are the notes you're after simply pop them into your shopping cart.
Title: Chapter 7 The Axial Skeleton
Description: This 7 page typed notes covers all you will need to know about the axial skeleton and its 80 bones. From sutures and orbits to vertebral anatomy and all its regions you will find these notes extremely helpful with your studies.
Description: This 7 page typed notes covers all you will need to know about the axial skeleton and its 80 bones. From sutures and orbits to vertebral anatomy and all its regions you will find these notes extremely helpful with your studies.
Document Preview
Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above
Chapter 7:
The Axial Skeleton
7-1
The 80 bones of the head and trunk make up the axial skeleton
Axial skeleton) forms the longitudinal axis of the body (skull, thoracic cage, and vertebrae)
...
The joints allow minimal movement, but are
very strong and reinforced with ligaments
...
7 additional bones are associated with the skull; 6 auditory
ossicles involved with hearing, and the hyoid bone that supports the voicebox
...
That have 3 functions
...
lessen the weight of bone
2
...
they serve as resonating chambers in speech production
Sutures) immovable fused bone connected by dense fibrous connective tissue
...
2
...
4
...
Squamous suture- on each side of the skull joins the temporal bone and the parietal bone of
that side
1
Chapter 7:
7-3
Each orbital complex contains an eye, and the nasal complex
encloses the nasal cavities
The facial bones not only protect and support the openings of the digestive and respiratory
systems, but also protect the sense organs responsible for vision and smell
...
The Orbital Complexes
Orbits) the boney recesses that contain the eyes
...
•
•
•
•
•
7 bones of the orbital complex
Frontal forms the roof
The maxilla provides most of the floor
The lacrimal bone and the lateral mass of the ethmoid
The lateral mass articulates with sphenoid and a small process of the palatine bone
The zygomatic bone forms the lateral wall and rim of the orbits
The Nasal Complex
Nasal complex) includes the bones that enclose the nasal cavities and the paranasal sinuses, airfilled chambers of the nasal cavities
...
You can see this fontanelle pulse as
the heart beats
...
The occipital, sphenoidal, and mastoid fontanelles disappear within 1-2 months after birth
...
2
Chapter 7:
7-5
The vertebral column has 4 spinal curves
Vertebral column) consists of 26 bones……
...
They provide a column of support, bearing the weight of the head, neck, and trunk and
ultimately transferring the weight to the appendicular skeleton of the lower limbs
...
Spinal Curvature
The spinal column is not straight and rigid
Curves of the spinal column:
1
...
thoracic convex
3
...
sacral convex
Primary curves) thoracic and sacral cures resulting in C-shape, because they appear late in fetal
development
...
The primary curves are present at birth
...
They help to shift the weight to permit an upright posture
...
Vertebral Anatomy
Each vertebral consists of 3 basic parts:
1) a vertebral body
2) a vertebral arch
3) articular process
Vertebral body) the part of the vertebrae that transfers weight along the axis of the vertebral
column
...
Vertebral arch) forms the posterior margin of each vertebral foramen walls, called pedicles,
and a roof, formed by plates called laminae
...
Spinous process) projects posteriorly (you can feel it through the skin in the center of the
back when it is flexed)
3
Chapter 7:
Traverse processes)
project laterally or (dorsolaterally) on both sides, these processes are the
sites where muscles attach and may also articulate with the ribs
Articular processes) like the traverse processes arise at the junction between the pedicles and
laminae
...
Articular facet) each articular process has this smooth concave surface
...
7-6
The 5 vertebral regions are the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral,
and coccygeal regions
The cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions consist of individual vertebrae
...
Thoracic vertebrae (12)) form the superior portion of the back
...
Cervical Vertebrae
Most mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae
...
These vertebrae support only the weight of the head
...
Bifid) what a notched spinous process is call
...
The costal and traverse processes encircle and protect the vertebral
arteries and veins which are important in servicing the brain
...
The Atlas
the Atlas) C1 holds up the head
...
(allows
nodding of the head)
It can easily be distinguished by (1) the lack of body and spinous process and (2) the presence of
large, round vertebral foramen bounded by anterior and posterior arches
...
4
Chapter 7:
Axis) C2 the atlas fuses with the axis
...
(rotation)
...
Has a long, slender spinous process that ends in a
broad tubricle
...
Ligmentum nuchae) is a stout elastic ligament, that begins at the vertebral promines and
extends to an insertion along the occipital crest of the skull
...
They typically have a heart-shaped body
...
Costal facets) (smooth concave surfaces) along the vertebral bodies articulates with the heads of
the ribs
...
Rib pairs 1-10 contact their
vertebra at 2 points: a costal facet and a traverse facet
...
1
...
3
...
5
...
NOTE:
lumbar vertebrae do not have costal facets
the slender traverse processes, which lack transvers costal facet, project dorsolaterally
the vertebrae foramin are triangular
the stumpy spinous processes project dorsally
the superior articular processes face medially (up and in)
the inferior articulate processes face laterally (down and out)
The lumbar vertebrae withstand the most weight
...
The sacrum protects the reproductive,
digestive, and urinary organs
...
Sacral canal) is a passageway that begins between the articular processes and extends the length
of the sacrum
...
The laminae
of the 5th vertebrae fail to contact one another at the midline
...
This opening is covered by connective tissue
...
Each lateral sacral crest which represents the fused traverse processes of the sacral vertebrae
...
It is the site of articulation for the pelvic girdle (sacroiliac joint)
...
The apex) is the narrow inferior portion of the sacrum, and the base) is the broad superior
surface
...
At the base
of the sacrum, a broad sacral
ala) wing, extends on either side
...
The coccyx provides an attachment site for a number
of ligaments and muscle that constricts the anal opening
...
7-7
The thoracic cage protects organs in the chest and provides sites
for muscle attachment
Thoracic cage) the skeleton of the chest
...
it protects the heart, lungs, thymus, and other structures in the thoracic cavity
2
...
The first 7 pairs of ribs are called true ribs or vertebrosternal ribs, they are connected to the
sternum by costal cartilage
...
The pair of ribs 11 & 12 are called floating ribs (vetebral ribs) because they attach only to the
vertebrae and muscles of the body wall
...
The Sternum
Manubrium) the breast bone
...
It is the widest and most superior portion of the sternum
Title: Chapter 7 The Axial Skeleton
Description: This 7 page typed notes covers all you will need to know about the axial skeleton and its 80 bones. From sutures and orbits to vertebral anatomy and all its regions you will find these notes extremely helpful with your studies.
Description: This 7 page typed notes covers all you will need to know about the axial skeleton and its 80 bones. From sutures and orbits to vertebral anatomy and all its regions you will find these notes extremely helpful with your studies.