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TW3 – 10th October – Normal flora


Definitions


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Coliforms: broad class of bacteria found in the gut of animals and faecal matter,
generally harmless
Eccrine glands: ‘Hairless’ places such as palms, finger pads and soles of the feet
Apocrine glands: ‘Hairy’ places such as underarms and genital region
Sebaceous glands: Associated with the hair follicle, attracts aerobic and anaerobic
bacteria, and fungi
...
Survive and multiply, mainly gram +
bacteria, e
...
Staph
...

Some gram neg
...
coli (acquired from
faecal contamination) and Acinetobacter sp
...
Can be aerobic or anaerobic
...
Internal biofilm, such a plaque
...
(42%)
...
Saliva, secreted antibodies and enzymes
Periodontal disease/gingivitis (inflammation of gums, periodontal fibres, leads to
loss of the tooth – caused by anaerobic bac
...

Proteolytic enzyme from bacteria break down components of the enamel leading to
painful cavity

Upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx, oral cavity and throat):
Bacteria include staphylococcus epidermidis and Corynebacteria (nasal passage), and
Streptococci sp
...
cocci (pharynx)
30% of population carry staph
...
cilia hair in nose, mucosal membrane in nasal cavity, saliva in oral
cavity

Lower resp
...
chronic
conditions (>3 months, e
...
lung disease, bronchitis, emphysema)

Upper gastrointestinal tract (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach):
Some bacteria can survive in the lining of the stomach, hiding away from the acidic
environment
At birth GI tract is sterile, colonised quickly (breastfed infants = Bifidobacterium sp
...
duodenum and ileum), large intestine, rectum
and anus):
Flora changes the lower down the tract you go
Ileum: bacterial levels = 105 to 107/g, mainly gram + bacteria
Distal small intestine level = 108/g
...

Large intestine (colon): Flora quantity similar to that of faeces = 1011/g
...
rods and cocci (e
...
e

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