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Barriers to Speaking
Children communication/speech is affected by various barriers
...
Go through them and see whether they are all valid and suggest
some more:
(i) Lack of appropriate vocabulary – they do not have the right words for various concepts,
object and phrases
...

(iii)Lack of appropriate meaning for certain concepts
(iv) Lack of exposure – they do not have enough opportunities to use the language
...

(v)

Lack of understanding of the message

(vi) Environmental distractions
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(xi) Social- emotional status such as anxiety, fear and so on
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(ii)

Use of Child Directed Speech (CDS)

(iii)

Removing distractions such as noise and other competing sounds
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(v)

The caregiver should try to identify the problem in speech, then he/she
should refer the child for check-up
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Training to help children with speech and language
problems to speak more clearly
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Giving children opportunities to exploit
speech activities such as tongue twisters, story-telling, singing,
discussions, asking questions, among others
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This has to do with mental activities such
as puzzles, riddles, mental games, among others
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References
Allen, K
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(1992)
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Delmar Publishers, Albany NY
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E
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Tessier, and V
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(1987)
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Merrill Publishing Company
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and McWhinney, B
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The Handbook of Child Language
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A
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Golinkoff, M
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, and Kath, L
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How Babie3s Talk: The Magic and Mystery
of Language in the First Three Years of Life
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Lenneberg,

H
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(1995)
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Vol
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New York: The UNESCO
Schwab, S
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H
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(1996)
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Woodbine House, Bethesda MD
Curtis, A
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(1984) Learning to read and write
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Oxford University Press; Nairobi
Kitonga E
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Let’s write Longman, Nairobi
KENYA Institute of Education, (2009)
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Nairobi: KIE

_________________________,

(2009)
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Nairobi: KIE
Pearson, H
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The Teaching of Language Skills; listening-talking-reading- writing, Nairobi:
Oxford University Press

Wanjohi, G
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(2009)
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Nairobi: Longhorn (SasaSema) Publishers Ltd
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(2007)
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