Search for notes by fellow students, in your own course and all over the country.
Browse our notes for titles which look like what you need, you can preview any of the notes via a sample of the contents. After you're happy these are the notes you're after simply pop them into your shopping cart.
Document Preview
Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above
1
...
The cytosol is
made up of water, salts, organic molecules and many enzymes that catalyse reactions
...
The
organelles such as the mitochondria, the chloroplast, lysosomes, peroxisomes,
ribosomes, vacuoles, cytoskeletons, and complex cell membrane structures like the
endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm are insoluble
...
2
...
Together with protein kinases, these enzymes control the state of phosphorylation of
cell proteins and thereby provide an important mechanism for regulating cellular activity
...
How the histone protein makes DNA in condensed form:
The double helix of DNA is highly negatively charged due to all the negatively charged
phosphates in the backbone
...
Histones are positively charged proteins that wrap up DNA through interactions
between their positive charges and the negative charges of DNA
...
DNA can be further packaged by forming coils of nucleosomes, called chromatin fibers
...
However, packaging of chromatin into chromosomes that we are most familiar with
occurs only during a few stages of mitosis
...
4
...
1?
Various biochemical methods are available to isolated chromatin from nuclei
...
A complex set of less abundant histones are referred to as the non histone
chromosomal proteins
...
Mass Ratio
DNA: histones: non histone proteins:
= 1:
1:
1:
Histones are small, basic, highly conserved proteins
...
The nucleosomes are the
fundamental repeating unit of chromatin
...
Compare eukaryotic and prokaryotic genetic materials:
SIMILARITIES:
•
•
•
•
•
They
They
They
They
They
both have DNA as their genetic material
...
both have ribosomes
...
are both amazingly diverse in forms
...
eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes do not
...
Eukaryotic cells are, on average, ten times the size of prokaryotic cells
...
Prokaryotes have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan, a single large polymer of
amino acids and sugar
...
The DNA of prokaryotes floats freely around the cell; the DNA of eukaryotes is held
within its nucleus and associated with histones (proteins)
Eukaryotes undergo mitosis; prokaryotes divide by binary fission (simple cell division)