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Transfer of Learning

Definition of Transfer of Learning
Transfer of learning refers to the influence which learning one task may have upon the subsequent
learning or performance of another task
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Performance might be positively affected or it might
be negatively affected
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Negative transfer of learning – This is where previous learning hinders or interferes with
future learning
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They might include words from their mother tongue when
talking to the teacher in the preschool
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Zero transfer of learning – Here, previous learning has no effect on future learning
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3
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Positive transfer is probably one of the most important goals of teachers
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An example of positive transfer of
learning is that learners who did home science in secondary school perform better than
their classmates in the unit “Foods and Nutrition”
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

Vertical transfer – describes the way in which an individual becomes increasingly capable
of more complex tasks, the way an individual ascends from simple tasks to more and more
difficult ones
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g
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Greater knowledge of prerequisites facilitates learning, retention and
transfer
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Meaningfulness of the material learnt – to be able to apply what they learn in class,
children should understand whet they are learning
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Degree of mastery of the learnt material – If the degree of mastery is very high, one can
apply knowledge or skills without difficulty
c
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d
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g
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When there are no pauses or breaks, we have what we call massed
learning
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e
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g
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If a child has learned the principle behind a type of mathematical problem, he/she should
be able to do related problems without difficulty
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Ways of Teaching for Transfer
There are two basic ways of teaching for transfer:


The substantive method



The procedural method

Substantive method – This is derived from the theory of identical elements which says that for
transfer to take place there has to be similarity for example, if the child is learning how to ride a
tricycle, then he should be tutored using a real tricycle
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Procedural method – This method entails the teacher ensuring that basic principles and concepts
are understood
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For example, in learning the meaning of words such as untie, unfair or unarmed, it
is useful for the learner to be told that the prefix “un” means not or contrary to
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In this
kind of teaching for transfer, teachers should try to present a wide range of examples in which the
learners can see how new principles and techniques are used
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REFERENCES
Hilgard, E
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(1977)
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New York: Harcourt, Brace and
World

Lamberth, J
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Foundations of Psychology
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R
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Psychology for teaching
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Morris, C
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Psychology and Introduction
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Myers, D
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(1990)
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New York: Worth Publishers Inc
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W
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Educational psychology
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Silverman, R
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(1982)
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Englewood, New Jersey Cliffs: Prentice Hall
Inc

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