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Counseling People Affected By Drug and Substance Abuse
Drug and substance abuse
A drug is a chemical compound that can alter the structure and functioning of the body
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In content, the term 'substance' refer- to non-drug things like cigarettes and alcohol that
can also alter the normal functioning of the body
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It is also a regular use of a drug or a substance other
than for its accepted medical purpose, or in doses greater than those considered appropriate
obligations, interpersonal conflicts, or legal problems
...

Categories of drugs
Drugs can be classifieds under the following four major categories, namely depressants,
stimulants, opiates and psychedelics and hallucinogens
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The term is used particularly when referring to slowing down of processes
in the central nervous system
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Alcohol is the most common example of a depressant
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They produce effects
opposite to those of depressants
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Some stimulants produce a sense of euphoria
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Other well-known stimulants are cocaine, amphetamines and ephedrine
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They may
be natural derivatives, for example morphine and codeine, or may be synthetically produced, for
example heroine and hydrocodone
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They also dull the senses and
induce sleep
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Psychedelics and hallucinogens
Psychedelics are drugs that alter the thought processes of the brain and perception of the mind
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The implication is that the psychedelic drugs can access and develop
unused potentials of the mind
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Unlike other
psychoactive drugs, psychedelics do not merely induce familiar states of mind but rather shift the
focus of experiences so that they are quantitatively different from those of ordinary consciousness
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Hallucinogens are a wider class of drugs which include
psychedelics, dissociatives and deliviants
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Deliviants are a special class of dissociatives which
can cause slupor and confusion
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Illegal drugs are those that are banned by law
or those that may only be used on prescription
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Drug abuse means the regular use of illegal
drugs or misuse of legal drugs
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People abuse drugs for many different reasons
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It should be noted that most of these reasons are about changing the way people feel
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Drug misuse -abuse usually leads to physical
dependency or psychological dependency
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This means
that one would have to keep taking the drug to avoid die unpleasant feelings
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As one takes more of a drug, the body becomes tolerant to
it so that no longer has such a strong effect
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Commonly abused drugs
Commonly abused drugs and substances include alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, cocaine and other
opiates
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Also
included in this list is glue, a substance commonly abused by street children
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These include health risk as well as
irresponsible behaviour
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Taking of illegal drugs carries a lot of health risks because they are not controlled or supervised
by authorized medical ' practitioners
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Most of the drugs are addictive
and lead to long-term damage to the body
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Mixing of drugs, which is common
with sortie users, is highly dangerous because it increases the risks from each drug
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The following are some of the health, risks
associated with specific drugs:

Cannabis
The short-term effects include:
 Dizziness
 Dry mouth, lips and tongue
 Panic and paranoia
 Feeling hungry
 Loss of coordination Long-term effects include:
Lung diseases and lung cancer
 Respiratory problems such as bronchitis and asthma
 High blood pressure
 Infertility
There is evidence that cannabis can also cause some mental health conditions such as depression
and schizophrenia
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When taken in large doses, long-term use of cocaine can lead to:
 Extreme paranoia
 Depression
 Insomnia
 Extreme weight loss and malnutrition
 Impotence in men
Because cocaine is so addictive, users experience withdrawal symptoms such as intense irritability
and restlessness if they go for long without using it
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Pregnant women who use cocaine risk the health of their babies, because the mug ran
cause low birth weight and birth defects
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Cocaine
usage also results in antisocial behaviour such as moodiness, unpredictability and crime
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It is usually these other products that are most
harmful and cause allergenic or toxic reactions
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It is easy for the user to overdose
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More often than not the users share needle and increase die
risk of contracting infections and diseases such as hepatitis and HIV
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This is why heroine is associated
with antisocial and criminal behaviour such as child neglect and thievery
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Some people will realize that they
have a problem, but find it hard to stop taking the drug even though they aware of the
consequences
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Signs of drug misuse or addiction include:
 Continually increasing the close of drugs to achieve the same effect
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Withdrawn symptoms if one stops taking the drug for a short time
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A negative changed outlook on life
Loss of motivation
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Borrowing or stealing money from friends and family, and
Being secretive about activities and actions
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Symptoms to look out
for could include:
 Dizziness
 Sickness or nausea
 Sudden tiredness Headaches
 Muscle cramps and aches
 irregular breathing
 Heavy slurring of speech
 Convulsions and
 Paralyses
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This is because how on approaches the
issue is dependent on several factors
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Drug abuse should be viewed
as a disease that needs to be attended to by experts
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Early detection and intervention usually yields better results
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The counselor should let the drug
abuser know that he/she is accepted and loved by the community, with the counselor being an
example
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The counsellor should encourage counselee to
regularly iced on a balanced diet
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Encourage the abuser to attend those activities, even making him/her be in charge of those
activities
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Summary
 A drug is a chemical compound that can alter the structure and functioning of the body
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 The various categories of drugs that are abused include depressants, stimulants, opiates and
psycredelies
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Drug abuse results in many unpleasant effects such as health risks and
When counseling a drug abuser, it is important to be reasonable and not expect them to
change overnight
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