Notesale: Turn your study into money

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COMPUTER APPLICATION (ADOBE PAGEMAKER)
INTRODUCTION:
The Page Maker 5
...
The traditional practice by a
publisher of producing a dummy (MOCK UP) of the proposed publication should still the
followed, with the same decisions being made about page size, number of columns, size of
alleys, heading fonts, subheading fonts, body text font, position of illustrations, whether to
box or not, etc
...
0
Here are some major functions of Pager Maker 5
...
Prepare lengthy text in your word processor; enter shorter
passages directly into the Page Maker text editor
...
There are four ways to bring text into
your word processor: key it in, scan it in through an OCR (optical character reading)
program, import it from other application programs, or bring it in via modem
...
The following is
an example of how you enter text in your word processor so that you can import three
styles
...
If a style name tag does not match an existing Page
Maker style, Page Maker creates a new style based on the formatting of the imported text
...

SETTING UP PAGES: 1
...
Clicking on them may highlight choices, or the default
highlight may be moved from item to item by use of the Tab key
...
Again choose File/new and observe that because you chose Cancel, resulting in the
selections you just made not being implemented, they have been replaced with the default
setting
...
Click on the X in the Double-side check box to uncheck it and to set up a single
side page for this first project
...
Place the insertion point in the left margin text box and
change the measurement to
...

TEMPLATES:
In Page Maker a publication can be started with a template or a grid
...
Grids are shapes created by nonprinting
margin guides, ruler guides, and column guides, which you use to position and align text
and graphics in your publications
...
You can modify a template if it is
not exactly what you require, but if you do, or if you create a new template for a
publication, give it a unique name and save it as a template for future use
...

FILE OPERATIONS:
On your companion diskette, which should still be in a floppy drive, there is a publication
similar to the one you created but did not save
...

SAVING PUBLICATIONS:
In PageMaker you save a new publication or give an old publication a new title by using the
Save as
...
Existing publications that are being edited are saved
with the Save command
...

1
...
to open the Save publication
...
Click on the OK button
...
PM5 to
filenames
...

3
...


4
...


PAGE MAKER SETTINGS:
When you first access Page Maker, the manufacturer’s default load and, unless you change
them, they will continue to load each time you start up the program
...
However, if you make selections
when you have a blank Page Maker screen, i
...
, before you have selected either New
...
from the File menu, they will apply to all new publications subsequently opened,
but they will not apply to existing publications that you subsequently open
...



Close any publications you have open, either from the publication’s Control menu or
by double clicking the publication’s Control box
...
to open the Page setup dialog box on a
clear screen
...




Choose Element/Line/Hairline Any new publication you now open will have
Hairline as the default Line selection
...
Double Click the Control menu box of the untitled publication to close it, answer No to
the Save before closing question, then choose File/ New
...

2
...

MASTER PAGES:
If you look at the lower left or your screen you should see two master page icons marked L
and R for left and right
...

If you had disabled the Double sided option in the Page setup dialog box, only one master
page icon would be displayed and it would be a right hand page so that the one inch margin
would be on the left, the binding side
...
Columns: Columns do not
automatically repeat on the every page, except for facing pages, unless set up on a master
page
...
1
...
And when the dialog box opens leave the Set left and right
pages separately unchecked, then type 2 directly into the Number of columns box
...

2
...
3
...
5 inch to the right
...


COMPUTER APPLICATION (COREL DRAW)
CorelDRAW is a vector graphics editor developed and marketed by Corel Corporation of
Ottawa, Canada
...
CorelDRAW was originally
developed for Microsoft Windows and currently runs only on Windows 2000 and newer
versions
...
In this
lesson we shall discus about some aspects of Corel Draw
...
These include: fit text-to-path, strokebefore-fill, quick fill/stroke color selection palettes, perspective projections, mesh fills and
complex gradient fills
...
It
is a graphics suite, rather than just a vector graphics programme
...
The biggest improvement
with CorelDRAW over other graphic software programmes is its ability to edit bitmaps
...
Bitmaps can also be edited more extensively using Corel PhotoPaint, opening the
bitmap directly from CorelDRAW and returning to the program after saving
...
Although they are both vector-based
illustration programs, the user experience differs greatly between the two
...
While Illustrator will read CorelDRAW's native file type and vice
versa, the translation is almost never perfect
...
CorelDRAW can also open PowerPoint Presentations with little
or no problem
...
The list of bundled packages usually changes somewhat from one release to
the next
...


The current version of CorelDRAW Graphics Suite contains the following packages:


CorelDRAW: Vector graphics editing software



Corel PHOTO-PAINT: Raster image creation and editing software



Corel CAPTURE: Enables several methods of image-capture



Corel PowerTRACE: Converts raster images to vector graphics
...




Version 3 of CoerlDRAW (1992) included Corel PHOTO-PAINT* (for bitmap editing),
CorelSHOW (for creating on-screen presentations, CorelCHART (for graphic charts),
Mosaic and CorelTRACE (for vectorizing bitmaps)
...




Version 4 of CoerlDRAW (1993) included Corel PHOTO-PAINT* (for bitmap editing),
CorelSHOW (for creating on-screen presentations, CorelCHART (for graphic charts),
CorelMOVE for animation, Mosaic and CorelTRACE (for vectorizing bitmaps)
...




In version 5 of CoerlDRAW (1994), Corel Ventura was included in the suite (and then
sold as a separate program)
...




Version 6 of CoerlDRAW (1995) had Customizable interface, Polygon, Spiral, Knife and
Eraser tools
...




Version 7 of CoerlDRAW (1997) contained Context-sensitive Property bar, Print
Preview with Zoom and Pan options, Scrapbook (for viewing a drag-anddropping
graphic objects), Publish to HTML option, Draft and Enhanced display options,
Interactive Fill and Blend tools, Transparency tools, Natural Pen tool, Find & Replace
wizard, Convert Vector to Bitmap option (inside Draw), Spell checker, Thesaurus and
Grammar checker
...




Version 8 of CoerlDRAW (1998) had Digger selection, Docker windows, Interactive
Distortion, 3D, Envelope and tools, Realistic Dropshadow tool, interactive color mixing,
color palette editor, guidelines as objects, customesized pages, duotone support
...




Version 9 of CoerlDRAW (1999) contained the Mesh fill tool (for complex color filling),
Artistic Media tool, Publish to PDF features, embedded ICC color profiles, Multiple Onscreen Color Palettes and Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications 6 support
...




Version 10 of CoerlDRAW (2000) had CorelR
...
V
...
(for vector animation), Perfect
Shapes, Web graphics tools (for creating interactive elements such as buttons), Page
sorter, multilingual document support, navigator window
...
o Version 12 of CoerlDRAW
(2003) contained Dynamic guides, Smart Drawing tools, Export to MS Office or Word
option, Virtual Segment Delete tool, Unicode text support
...
Trace became
integrated inside Draw under the name PowerTRACE
...
The original graphics packages were primarily bitmapped graphics packages
...
Once its color became established, it stayed that way until
changed by the operator
...

DIFFERENT TYPEFACES AND SIZING
Corel Draw comes with over 150 typefaces
...
More typefaces are available from third parties, or the user can create his own font
using the WFN Front Export filter included and described in the CorelDraw
...
What is different about Draw is its ability
to change the way text characters look
...
This is particularly
useful when many files have been saved relating to the same topic
...
If a file was
created under an older version or DRAW (before release 2
...
Drawings created with Release 2
...
Retrieving
an older drawing into DRAW 2
...
Once a drawing is selected in MOSAIC, it
can be loaded into DRAW simply by double clicking on the drawing
...
This is the
purpose of Corel TRACE!

UNDERSTANDING THE CORELDRAW SCREEN:
It is assumed that CorelDraw! Is already installed on your computer
...
They stress
that DRAW should be installed “outside of Windows
...
Starting CorelDraw!, once it is installed, is made simple by using the
windows environment
...
Turn on your Computer (make sure your monitor is also on)
...
Watch your monitor as the computer starts itself
...
If you do, go on to step
...
If not, and all you see is a blank screen with some text lettering, type WIN then press
Return (Enter)
...
This option is used
to establish the general ‘paper’ and ‘drawing’ environment within which the drawings will
be created
...
With in this dialog box are options page orientation, page size, and several other
options listed at the bottom
...
5 inches, similar to a notebook
sheet of paper
...
5 inches and the width is 11 inches
...
Select the Letter Page Size and Portrait Orientation and notice the horizontal/vertical
dimensions listed
...
Change the Orientation from Portrait of Landscape, and notice that the
horizontal/vertical dimensions swap places
...
5x14 inches), Tabloid (11x17 inches,) A3, A4, A5, B5, and Slide options
...

3
...

DRAWING BASIC SHAPES:
The previous sections outlined the basic history of DRAW, with procedures for accessing
Draw’s commands and setting up the general page format
...
Section four deals
with drawing lines, circular shapes, the rectangular shapes
...

To demonstrate this:
1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...
In the information listed at the center of the status bar, notice
an Angle designation with Degrees listed
...

CREATING PIE SHAPES FROM ELLIPSES AND CIRCLES:
1
...

2
...
As you drag the small
box, the circle edge will begin to open up
...
Let go of the mouse button and notice the final shape
...
The
circle moves along with the cursor until you release the mouse button
...
This is an easy way to move an object around on the screen
and applies to all objects and text boxes
...
Clicking on it again outline
it with a series of arrows and place a “bull’s-eye” in the center of the object
...
The object can be rotated either clockwise or counterclockwise
...
This
may be useful for special applications
...
Create a rectangle
...
Select the PICK tool and click on the rectangle if you do not see a series of arrows
then click on the rectangle again
...
Drag the bull’s-eye into one of the corners of the rectangle
...
Drag the curved arrows in the corners
...
The horizontal and vertical double arrows on each side
are used to skew the objects along a horizontal or vertical path, respectively
...
Click and drag one of these double arrows, and see the object begin to skew along
the path you follow
...


WORKING WITH BEZIER CURVES:
As we have been from the few sections, DRAW is an effective tool for creating boxes, circles,
and straight lines, Most drawing require curves to provide a level of artistic appeal, and
DRAW has some special features that make working with curves simple
...
In essence, DRAW takes the
curve you draw and develops a mathematical method of describing it using Nodes and
Control Points
...
More of Draw’s features can be used on text strings than
on paragraph text, so if you plan to perform extensive reworking of the text, then entering
it as a text string is recommended
...

Each way has its benefits and is worth taking a few moments to review
...
Clear your page and then draw a rectangular shaped object using the RECTANGLE
tool as outlined in a previous section
...
Give the rectangle a light fill as chosen by the FILL tool
...
Press the spacebar to select the PICK tool
...
Now press the “+” key and then click and drag on the rectangle’s border
...

5
...


POSITIONING OBJECTS ON THE PAGE:
Positioning objects in DRAW is a little confusing since the way they appear
...
This was discussed briefly in the
last section when the duplicated rectangular objects appeared as lines on the editing page,
but appeared as filled boxed in front of one another on the preview page
...
Clear the editing screen by selecting New under the FILE menu
...
Draw a rectangle that is one inch in height and three inches in width
...

3
...
DRAW also allows automatic alignment of objects along a
combination of horizontal/vertical and left/right/center options
...
Marquee select the three objects using the PICK tool, and then click on the Align
option under the ARRANGE menu
...

5
...
The bottom of each object is aligned along
the same horizontal line and are all centered as shown in the figure
...
Few things are more aggravating that to have several hours of work
is lost due to a power failure or a confused computer
...
The process is
made easy but not automatic
...
Notice that the name of the drawing shown on the title bar is
“UNTITLED
...
” We are now going to name and save this drawing
...
Deactivate the grid feature by clicking on the Snap To Grid option of the DISPLAY menu
...
Click on the TEXT tool and then enter the word EXCELLENT on the page in 60-point type
...
Select the PICK tool, and click on the EFFECTS menu
...
Click on the TEXT tool
2
...

3
...


4
...

5
...

6
...

MAKING A BITMAPPED IMAGE INTO DRAW VECTOR GRAPHIC:
The scaling capability of vector graphic images makes them preferable to bitmap images
...
g
...
Corel TRACE! And the Auto Trace feature of DRAW
...
TIF,
...


COMPUTER APPLICATION (MICROSOFT EXCEL)
Microsoft Excel (full name Microsoft Office Excel) is a spreadsheet application written and
distributed by Microsoft for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS
...
It is overwhelmingly the dominant spreadsheet application
available for these platforms and has been so since version 5 in 1993 and its bundling as part of
Microsoft Office
...


This promoted development of a new spreadsheet called Excel, which started with the intention to,
in the words of Doug Klunder, 'do everything 1-2-3 does and do it better’
...
0 to line-up with the
Mac and bundled with a run-time Windows environment) was released in November 1987
...

This accomplishment, dethroning the king of the software world, solidified Microsoft as a valid
competitor and showed its future of developing graphical software
...
The current version for the Windows platform is
Excel 12, also called Microsoft Office Excel 2007
...

Microsoft Excel 2
...
1
...
As the result of the dispute Microsoft was required to refer to the
program as "Microsoft Excel" in all of its formal press releases and legal documents
...

Microsoft also encouraged the use of the letters XL as shorthand for the program; while this is no
longer common, the program's icon on Windows still consists of a stylized combination of the two
letters, and the file extension of the default
Excel format is
...
Excel offers many user interface tweaks over the earliest electronic
spreadsheets; however, the essence remains the same as in the original spreadsheet, VisiCalc: the
cells are organized in rows and columns, and contain data or formulas with relative or absolute
references to other cells
...

PRESENTATION OF CONTENT: The content of this lesson shall be presented as follows:


MS Excell- An Introduction



Versions of MS Excel



Basics of MS Excel



Excel Styles

MS EXCELL- AN INTRODUCTION:
MS Excel is a Windows based spreadsheet (worksheet) package
...

If a spreadsheet package is used then the re-calculation is automatic
...

VBA allows the creation of forms and in worksheet controls to communicate with the user
...

The automation functionality provided by VBA has caused Excel to become a target for macro
viruses
...
Microsoft belatedly took steps to prevent the misuse by adding the ability to disable
macros completely, to enable macros when opening a workbook or to trust all macros signed using
a trusted certificate
...
0 for Windows



1990 Excel 3
...
0



1993 Excel 5
...
2 & 4
...
0) - included in Office 95



1997 Excel 97 - (version 8
...
0) included in Office 2000



2001 Excel



2002 (version 10) included in Office XP



2003 Excel 2003 (version 11) included in Office 2003



2007 Excel 2007 (version 12) included in Office 2007



Versions for the Apple Macintosh include:



1985 Excel 1
...
5



1989 Excel 2
...
0



1992 Excel 4
...
0 (Office 4
...
0 (Office '98)



2000 Excel 9
...
0 (Office v
...
0 (part of Office 2004 for Mac)



2008 Excel 12
...


CRITICISM:
Due to Excel's foundation on floating point calculations, the statistical accuracy of Excel has been
criticized, as has the lack of certain statistical tools
...

Excel incorrectly assumes that 1900 is a leap year
...
This legacy has later been carried
over into Office Open XML file format
...

EXCEL BASICS:
Before working with MS-Excel, different parts of Excel spreadsheet must be identified
...
Excel
window appearance with its parts as given below
...




Menu bar — Different options for selection



Standard Toolbar — Displayed by default, allows giving common commands like saving the file,
opening a file, printing etc
...




Name Box — Displays the address of the current cell
...




Row Headers — There are 65536 rows (lines) numbered 1,2,3
...
First row number is 1
and the last row number is 65536
...




Column Headers — There are 256 columns as A, B, C
...
AZ, BA, BB
...
First column
name is A and last column name is IV
...




Scroll Bars — Used to scroll through different parts of current sheet
...




Tab Split Box — Used to adjust the space occupied by the sheet tabs and horizontal scroll bar
...
Each worksheet is named as Sheet 1, Sheet 2 and Sheet
3
...
The status on
num lock, caps lock and scroll lock keys on the keyboard on the right side
...
Each Workbook contains 3 worksheets by
default
...
Each sheet is named
uniquely like Sheet 1, Sheet 2 etc
...
A workbook can also contain
chart sheets, which are named as Chart 1, Chart 2 etc
...

When Excel is loaded, it automatically opens a new workbook, named BOOK1
...

XLS
...
The main part of the Excel screen is the worksheet
area — a grid of rows and columns
...

CELL:
The intersection of a column and a row is called as a cell
...
The
cell address consists of the column letter and a row number
...
First column name is A and first row number is 1
...
First cell is also called as Home Cell
...
Total cells in a worksheet are 256 * 65536 (total number of columns x
rows)
...
A thick black border indicates the active cell
...
Using key combinations also it is possible to move quickly to the desired cell
...
· To scroll
through different parts of the worksheet, drag the scroll box in the scroll bars or click on the arrow
marks in the scroll bars
...
· To go to a desired cell, cell inside the cell, or select Edit > Go To type the desired
cell address in the Reference box (for example, D7) and click on OK
...

ENTERING AND EDITING DATA:
Any entry can be made in the active cell
...
They are: · Text — Text
in a cell include any combination of letters, numbers, and keyboard symbols
...
If column width prevents a text string fitting visually in a cell, the display extends
over neighboring cells
...
To
store a number as a text entry, use apostrophe (‘) as the first character
...
Date and time are stored
as numbers
...
When an unformatted
number does not fit in a cell, it is displayed in scientific notation
...
· Logical Values — Logical entries, TRUE and FALSE (uppercase
only) can be entered in the cells
...

A formula begins with an equal sign (=)
...
If the formula
entered is wrong, error values are stored in the cell
...

To Make Any Entry in the Cell ·
Make the cell active (select the cell) by click on the cell or by pressing arrow keys
...


·

Press Enter or press the arrow keys or click on any other cell to complete the entry
...

· Press F2 function key or double click on the cell, make the correction in the cell content and press
Enter
...
· To delete the cell content, click on the cell and press Delete
...
Or · Select the
range of cells, point at the outside border of the selected range using mouse, the mouse pointer will
turn into an arrow, hold down the ctrl key and drag the selection to a new location
...
Or · Select the range of cells, point at the outside
border of the selected range using mouse, the mouse pointer will turn into an arrow, drag the
selection to a new location
...
Insert dialog box will be displayed with the following options, · Shift
cells right insert a new cell and existing cells will be shifted to the right
...
· Entire row will insert one row
...
Choose Insert > Columns option to insert one or more columns
...
Insert >
Rows option will insert one row in current position
...
OPERATOR:
Operator is a symbol used to specify the type of calculation that is to be performed on the elements
of a formula
...


Arithmetic Operators:

Arithmetic operators perform basic

mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication; combine numbers; and
produce numeric results
...
= (equal sign) Equal to A1 = B1 > (greater than
sign) Greater than A1 > B1 < (less than sign) Less than A1 < B1 >=(greater than or equal Greater
than or equal to A1 > = B1 to sign) <= (less than or equal to sign) Less than or equal to A1 <= B1 <>
(not equal to sign) Not equal to A1<> B1 Text Operator: The text operator “&” combines one or
more text values to produce a single piece of text
...
: (colon) Range operator,
which produces one B5 : B15 reference to all the cells between two references, including the two
references
...
is common to both ranges
...
To use the
function wizard
...
) ·
Select a function category in the left side
...
Select the required functions and click on OK
...
either by typing the range manually or by blocking the range
...
To end it, click on OK
...
To
select a format, 1
...
2
...
General will be the default format
...
· Currency format is
used to specify the number of decimals, the currency symbol, and how the negative numbers are to
be displayed
...
· Date format can be used to specify, how the date must be displayed in a cell i
...
month in
words etc
...
·
Percentages format multiply the cell value by 100 and display the result with a percent % symbol
...
· Text format can be used to represent a number entered in a
cell as a text entry
...
e
...
Instead of using all the above
individually to a certain cell the style feature provides the user to set a specific formatting to certain
cells
...
It is very useful for the user to use styles as it
saves time and also establishes formatting standard
...
The user can also create other styles with specific
formatting
...

Creating Styles:
To create styles, select Format > Style
...
A new style name can
be specified for the style already created by the user
...
The style name that has been created can be later applied to format cells
simultaneously
...

Custom List: A custom list is a collection of some commonly used words, which can be reproduced
by dragging the fill handle
...
A custom list can be
used to save data entry time
...
· Select the range of cells containing the list
...
· Click on the Import button (the list will
be displayed in the Custom List box and List Entries box) · Click on OK
Defining Custom List (By typing the list in the List Entries Box): · Choose Tools > Options, then
select the Custom Lists tab
...
· Type the entries in the List Entries box, beginning with the first entry
...
Click on OK after completing the List entries
...
A set of numeric data, which is actually
plotted, is called data series
...
Data series can be in rows
or columns
...


Embedded chart is drawn on the worksheet where the data exists
...
Creating a Quick Chart Sheet: To create a chart in a separate sheet,
select the data with column headings and one text column
...
g
...

A default chart (generally a column chart) will be created in a separate sheet named Chart1, before
the sheet, which contains the data
...

The chart will be drawn with series column-wise
...
g
...

Click on the Chart Wizard icon in the Standard Toolbar or select Insert> Chart
...

Step 1, displays the available type of charts under the groups Standard Type and Custom Type
...
Select a type of chart
...
Select a sub-type
...
Click on
Next to go to second step
...
In the Data Range tab, we can specify the data range
(range of data series to be plotted and xaxis labels) and whether the series in Rows or Columns
...

For example, select series in Rows, the chart will be modified to show the series in rows
...
The range will be displayed in the data range box
and the chart sample will be displayed accordingly
...
The second tab Series, is used to specify the range for each data series with the cell, which
contains the name of series, adding or removing a series and specifying the x-ails labels
...
In Step 3, titles, axes, grid lines,
legend position, data labels, and data tables for the chart can be specified
...

Chart Title: Main title for the chart
...
Value (y) axis: Title for the Y-axis, will be displayed at the left side of Y-axis numbers
...
Second Value (Y) axis: Title for the secondary
Y-axis, will be displayed at the right side of numbers
...
For the chart, given the chart title - Sale of Soaps in Oct
...
and Dec
...
Axis: It can be used to specify whether the
primary X-axis and Y-axis must be displayed in the chart or not
...
If selected, Xaxis labels can be
displayed in date format or with the content of X-axis label range
...
To display Y-axis numbers, this option must be selected
...
By default, only value Y-axis Major gridlines will be displayed
...
A legend is an index displaying the color
of series and the name of series
...
By default, the legend will be displayed at the right side of the
chart
...
The chart can be placed in a new chart sheet
named Chart1 by selecting the option As new sheet, or it can be placed as an object in any one of the
existing worksheets by selecting As object in
...


COMPUTER APPLICATION (MICROSOFT POWERPOINT)
POWER POINT- AN INTRODUCTION: Microsoft PowerPoint is a presentation programme developed by
Microsoft for its Microsoft Office system
...
It is widely used by

business people, educators, students, and trainers and is among the most prevalent forms of persuasion
technology
...
The current version of Microsoft Office PowerPoint
is Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007
...
Bob Gaskins and software developer
Dennis Austin developed the original Microsoft Office PowerPoint as Presenter for Forethought, Inc,
which they later renamed PowerPoint
...
0 was released in 1987 for the Apple Macintosh
...
A new
full color version of PowerPoint shipped a year later after the first color Macintosh came to market
...
In 1990 the first Windows versions were produced
...
The 2002
version, part of the Microsoft Office XP Professional suite and also available as a stand-alone product,
provided features such as comparing and merging changes in presentations, the ability to define
animation paths for individual shapes, pyramid/radial/target and Venn diagrams, multiple slide masters,
a "task pane" to view and select text and objects on the clipboard, password protection for
presentations, automatic "photo album" generation, and the use of "smart tags" allowing people to
quickly select the format of text copied into the presentation
...
It enhanced collaboration between co-workers and featured
"Package for CD", which makes it easy to burn presentations with multimedia content and the viewer on
CD-ROM for distribution
...
The current version,
Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007, released in November 2006, brought major changes of the user
interface and enhanced graphic capabilities
...
2
...
The "slide" analogy is
a reference to the slide projector, a device that has become somewhat obsolete due to the use of
PowerPoint and other presentation software
...
Slides can also form the basis of webcasts
...
Entrance, emphasis, and exit of elements on a slide
itself are controlled by what PowerPoint calls Custom Animations
...
These can be animated in a variety of ways
...
Presentations can be saved and run in any of the file
formats: the default
...
pps (PowerPoint Show) or
...
In PowerPoint 2007
the XML-based file formats
...
ppsx and
...

6
...
3 CRITICISMS OF POWER POINT: One major source of criticism of PowerPoint comes from Yale
professor of statistics and graphic design Edward Tufte, who criticizes many emergent properties of the

software: o It is used to guide and reassure a presenter, rather than to enlighten the audience; o
Unhelpfully simplistic tables and charts, resulting from the low resolution of computer displays; o The
outliner causing ideas to be arranged in an unnecessarily deep hierarchy, itself subverted by the need to
restate the hierarchy on each slide; o Enforcement of the audience's linear progression through that
hierarchy (whereas with handouts, readers could browse and relate items at their leisure); o Poor
typography and chart layout, from presenters who are poor designers and who use poorly designed
templates and default settings; o Simplistic thinking, from ideas being squashed into bulleted lists, and
stories with beginning, middle, and end being turned into a collection of disparate, loosely disguised
points
...
o Tufte's criticism of the use of PowerPoint has extended to its use by
NASA engineers in the events leading to the Columbia disaster
...

6
...
4 VERSIONS OF POWER POINT: Here are the major versions of Power Point presentation
programme: o 1987 PowerPoint 1
...
0 for Mac OS classic
o 1992 PowerPoint 3
...
0 for Mac OS classic o 1998 PowerPoint
98 (8
...
0) for Mac OS X (Office
2001 for mac) o 2002 PowerPoint v
...
0) for Mac OS X (Office:mac v
...
0) for Mac OS X (Office:mac 2004) o 20062007 PowerPoint 2007 (version 12) — (Office 2007) o 2008 PowerPoint 2008 (12
...
2
...
Each presentation would have one or more than one slides
...
The page layout of a slide decides the position of various
objects you can have in Power Point
...
, the line thickness, it’s style, color etc
...
To have customized objects
and object appearance use the blank page layout
...
The defaults objects present in any of the
24 default page layouts provide by Power Point are called as “Click here” objects
...
All the user needs to do is
position the mouse pointer on the object and click once
...

Select Slide Layouts: When you select to create a new presentation or select to add a new dialog box
appears asking you to select the desired page layout from the available list, select the page layout and
choose OK
...


Change Slide Layout: You can also change the page layout after you have completed the slide
...
o Select Slide Layout from
the Format Menu o Select the desired page layout or select blank
6
...
6 GETTING MORE FAMILIAR WITH POWERPOINT: The text, organization chart, graph or the picture
present on a Power Point slide is called an object
...
Any operation performed is specific to the selection
...

Making Selections: Selecting a Single Object: Take the mouse pointer to the specific object and click on
the object
...

Now, hold down the Shift key and position the mouse pointer on the second object and click, then
release the Shift key, both the objects now remain select
...
Selecting a Text Object: Position the cursor on the object containing the text and click once
...
Clicking on it again will take you to the text entry mode or modify mode
...

Increase or Decrease an Object Size: The method to follow either to increase or decrease the size of the
object is similar to the method used to increase or decrease the size of a window under your desktop
...
o Position the tip of the mouse pointer to touch the corresponding box to which you
need to increase or decrease the size of the object
...
o A ghost outline appears indicating the new size of the object
...

Moving an Object: o Select the object or objects to be moved
...
o Hold down the left mouse button and drag your mouse
...
o Release the left mouse button to move the object to the
selected location
...
o Press the Del key on the keyboard or Select clear
from the Edit menu
...
o Select Drawing
...
To change the
Line Color: o Select Toolbars from the View menu
...
To change the Line Color:
Select the new color for the area of the object by clicking on the Line Color Tool
...

EDITING A SLIDE: By now, after using Windows and Word you are familiar with the Cut/Copy/Paste
operation
...
Select the objects to be moved or copied, select

the corresponding option or tool
...
Select Find from the
Edit menu to search for a string:
o To replace a string with another string select Replace from the Edit Menu to search for and replace the
string
...

WORKING WITH SLIDES: To Insert a New Slide: o Select New Slide from the Insert Menu or click on the
new slide tool in the standard toolbar
...
To Duplicate a Slide: o Duplicating a
slide is possible only through the Slide sorter view
...
This selected slide will be highlighted
...
To Delete a Slide:
o Highlight the slide through Slide Sorter View
...
The slide
background remains the same for the entire slide, if any of the 24 default page layouts of Power Point is
used
...
To do this: o Select Background from the Format Menu
...
o Select Apply to apply the background to the active or selected slide
...
o Select Fills Effects from Background dialog box to
change the effect and pattern
...
o Click on the
apply button
...

POWER POINT VIEWS: Slide View: The slide view is the default view used to create and edit your slides
...
Outline View: The outline view is used to display
the outline format of your slide show
...

Switching to outline view takes the data from your slides and redisplays it in the form of an outline
...
The following list highlights a few important points
about outline view
...
o Any other objects
you have added to a slide such as picture charts and so on are not included in outline
...
o A high level heading
in the outline the text of this heading is drawn from the slide’s title represents each slide, and a button
that represents the entire slide appears next to the headings
...
o Each text line from a slide’s body text appears as an indented heading
subordinates to the slide’s main title heading
...

Promoting and Demoting Paragraphs: o To promote paragraphs means to move it up one level in
outline
...
o To demote a paragraph is just the opposite the paragraph moves down on level in
the outline
...


If you demote a slide title, the entire slide is included into the preceding slide
...

Moving Text Up and Down: Outline view is also handy for rearranging your presentation
...
o To
move the select text up o To move the selected text down
Expanding and Collapse\point the Outline: Power Point enables you to collapse outline so that only the
slide titles are shown
...
Expanding a presentation restores the
collapse body text to the outline so that you can once again focus on details
...
You can use this view
to select and drag slides from one position to another within your slide show
...

Notes View: The notes view is used to enter notes or script for the slide within a presentation
...
You can also give
the copies of printed materials to your audience as indepth handouts
...
It is used to either actually show or simply review
your slide presentation
...
To check the timing of
self-running presentation, use the view > Slide show menu selection
...

The Slide Master: The slide master is the master organizer
...
The slide master will automatically be active in the background whenever slides are prepared or
opened
...
You encounter a wizard each time you launch the
Power Point program
...
In previous activities you closed this dialog and used File >
New or File > Open
...
The four
choices presented by the dialog are summarized
...
Auto content wizard: This selection launches a series of wizard dialogs that guide you
through the creation of a few presentations
...
Blank Presentation: This selection opens
the New Slide dialog from which you choose the layout of the first slide in a new presentation
...


Using the Auto Content Wizard: Use the procedure to familiarize yourself with the Auto Content
wizards
...
Click on the Auto Content Wizard button
...
2
...
Select the type of presentation you want
...
Click on
Next and select the type of presentation
...
Click on Next and check the selections one this dialog as shown in the 4th step
...
And choose NO at “Will you print handouts?” option
...
Notice that PowerPoint can create pages for
use as overhead projections transparencies, in either color or black and white
...
If you want use
this service, you should select this add-in using Setup
...
Click on Next and click on Finish to let Power
Point build the presentation for you
...
The slides already have key sales points and list suggested
information for inclusion in your presentation, At this point, you are ready to begin customising the
information to suit your needs
...
Execute PowerPoint and select blank presentation
...
Select the slide layout according to the requirement and click on OK
...
Now create title slide by tying
the information
...
Click on Apply Design Template from common task taskbar
...
5
...
6
...
Click on OK
...
Type the information for the second slide
...
Click
on New Slide, pick the Text & Clip Art layout and click on OK
...
Type the title and bulleted text as
shown below
...
It will take you to Clip Art and select the picture click on
Insert
...
10
...
Type the file name and click on Save
...
ppt)
file type
...
Press the Ctrl + Home to move back to the first slide
...

INSERTING CLIP-ART PICTURES INTO SLIDES: These steps show you how to insert clipart pictures into
your presentation: o Move to the slide on which you want to paste the clipart
...
o Choose the Clip Art picture you want
...

Moving, Sizing and Stretching Pictures: Follow these steps to force your inserted Clip Art into full
compliance: · Click on the picture and drag wherever you want
...
Drag one of
them to resize the picture
...
In that case you can insert the picture and then edit it
...
1
...
2
...
3
...
To
beautify your presentation you can add pictures onto your slide
...


SLIDE SHOW: Once your slides are ready, you are ready for the presentation
...
The change over of slide can have various
transition effects or the data present in a Bulleted List box of the Bulleted List Page Layout can have a
move-in effect with various builds
...

USING SLIDE TRANSITIONS: A transition is how PowerPoint gets from one slide to the next during an on
screen slide show
...
Effective,
PowerPoint enables you to assign any of 45 different special effects to each slide transition
...


WORD PROCESSOR
AN INTRODUCTION
A Word Processor is an application or programme for manipulating text-based documents
...
Word processors range from simple through to complex
...
Depending on the programme and the equipment in use,
word processors can display documents in different modes
...
Or the display could be in the WYSIWYG mode, where formatting and a
variety of fonts appear on the screen, as they will on the printed page
...
Many word processors can also check spelling, find synonyms,
incorporate graphics created with another programmme, correctly align mathematical
formulas, create and print standard letters, perform calculations, display documents in
multiple on-screen windows, etc
...
44 MB (3
...
Word opens an empty document after displaying the logo
...
It displays the active application and the name of the
document
...

Minimize Button: It is used to minimize the Word window
...

Maximize Button: It is used to maximize the window
...

Close Button: It is used to close (exit) MS-Word
...
It contains the menu options
...

Standard toolbar and formatting toolbars are displayed at the top of the screen below the
menu bar
...

Ruler Line: It displays the margins, indents; tap positions on a numbers scale
...

View Bar: View Bar is displayed below the workspace containing 4 icons in it
...


Status Bar: The Status Bar is displayed at the bottom of MS-Word window (above the
taskbar)
...

CREATING A DOCUMENT:
When MS Word is loaded, a blank window will be displayed with the name Document1
...

TYPING TIPS: 1
...
While typing the text, when the right margin is encountered, the insertion point will
automatically return to the next line
...
Therefore,
do not press Enter at the end of every line unless you require a paragraph break
...
To change the paragraphs, press Enter
...
To start a new line without considering it as a new paragraph, press Shift + Enter
...
In case of mistakes, to delete backwards, press backspace
...

ADDITIONAL TYPING TIPS:
o The text can be typed or deleted at the position of insertion pointer
...
Clicking on the left mouse button in
appropriate position of the word can move the insertion pointer to that place
...
The
sequence is given in the following table
...

Page Up/Page Down: Up or down by one screen
Ctrl right /Ctrl left: Right or left by one word
Ctrl Up/ Ctrl Down key: Up or down by one paragraph
Home Beginning of line
End: End of line
Ctrl Home: Beginning of document
Ctrl End: End of document
Ctrl Alt Page Up: Previous page
Ctrl Alt Page Down: Next page

FILE OPERATIONS:
In this screen, file operations like opening a file, saving a file and creating a new file are
discussed
...
To save the file, you can follow any
one of the following three methods
...

The Save As dialog will be displayed on your screen
...
If the file is to be saved in a different folder
(directory), select the folder name after typing the file name and then click on Save The file
will be saved with the extension
...






Select File\New and Select Blank Document in General category and click on OK
...

The screen will be cleared and a new file will be created
...







Select File\Open
Press Ctrl + O
Click on Open icon in the standard toolbar
...

Closing a File o To close the open file, choose File\Close

EDITING TEXT:

The process of changing the appearance of the text, deleting a portion of the text,
duplicating or moving a part of the text, is called editing
...

To select portion of the text is called a Block
...
You will find below some of the methods to block or select a portion of the
text
...
To format the text you have to block
the text (select the text), and click on the appropriate icon in the formatting toolbar
...
g
...
If you want
to remove boldface, underline from your document, block the text again and click on the
appropriate icon in the formatting toolbar
...

Text Border:
Text Border is used to put a border to the selected portion of the text Microsoft Word
...
Advanced Formatting:
The text advanced formatting features include — different types of underlines, subscript,
superscript, spacing between characters and animation:

To use the advanced text formatting features,




Block the text
...
Font dialog will be displayed on the screen
...
), font effects (subscript, superscript)
etc
...
Subscript: The text that is written below the original line is a
subscript
...
g
...


To create a subscript, block the text, which is to be printed below the original line (in the
above case 2), select Format Font, select Subscript check box and click on OK
...
For example, H3 + B3
...

To create a superscript, block the text, which is to be printed above the original line (in the
above case 3), select Format Font, select Superscript check box and click on OK
...

Scaling is used to specify the character size
...
Spacing is used to control the distance that appears between the
characters
...
To
increase the space between characters, block the text, select/ block the word Expanded and
specify the measurement in points
...

Positioning the characters: By default, the characters are positioned normally (on the line)
...
Here the text is Raised by 4pt
...
To change the case, block the text, select Format Change Case, select the
appropriate option and clik on OK
...

Select Edit\Cut or (press Ctrl + X)
Copying Text: Steps to copy or duplicate the text,
Block the text to be copied
...

Select Edit\Paste (or press Ctrl +V) UNDO AND REDO:
To undo the previous work select Edit\Undo or press Ctrl + Z
To redo the previous action, select Edit\Repeat or press Ctrl + Y

PARAGRAPH OPTIONS:
In Word, a paragraph is text, graphics or other items that is followed by a paragraph mark
...

This paragraph mark is inserted every time the Enter key is pressed
...

From paragraph dialog you can align paragraphs, create line spacing, indent the
paragraphs and specify line and page breaks
...
e
...
The text can be centered, right aligned or justified
...
The different line
spacing available are; Single, 1
...
To select the
line spacing:




Click on the paragraph that needs the change
...


Paragraph Indents: When you type a letter or circular and you would like to draw the
attention of the reader to a particular paragraph, you may wish to keep some space to the
left or to the right
...
These extra spaces are called Indents
...


Left: Leaves a gap at the left side of a paragraph
...

First Line: Leaves a gap at the beginning of first line of a paragraph
...

BORDERS AND SHADINGS:
You can specify the borders for paragraphs and pages
...

Paragraph Borders:




1
...

3
...

5
...


Paragraph borders are used to emphasize a particular portion of the text
...

Different styles of borders, like - thin or thick line, double or dotted line borders can
be applied in different colors
...
To apply borders to a paragraph:
Click on the paragraph,
Select Format\Borders and Shading
...

Select the line style of border
...

Select the width of line and click on OK
...


This line is an example for double line border with shadow
...
In case of page border, the selected type of
border will be applied to the full page
...
The shading can be done for one paragraph
or selected paragraphs using different colors
...
The icons for bullets and numbering
available in Formatting toolbar are: To apply bullets and numbering: o Block the text, o
Select Format Bullets and Numbering o Select the style of bullet from bulleted tab or the
type of numbers from Numbered tab and click on OK
...
button, and click on Bullet, select the required
symbol by choosing the appropriate font
...


TAB STOP: Tabs are used to type the text in columns
...
5 inch by default
...
To type the text in different columns, tab stops can be set
...
They are left, center, right, decimal and bar (thin vertical bar
will appear to separate the columns)
...
To set the tab stops: 1
...
2
...
3
...
4
...
5
...
6
...
7
...
To clear the entire tab stops that are set click on Clear All
...
Click on OK to
come out
...
This is very useful when you want to change only certain names in a lengthy
document (e
...
a Lawyers notice, in which all the legal terms are the same but the names of
the parties are different)
...
or press Ctrl + F
...
To find a particular word or phrase in the entire
document or selected text, o Type the word to be found in Find what box
...
e
...
o Find the whole words
only - to find the words, which are not a part of other words
...

o Sounds like - to find the word that sounds like the word entered but spelled differently
...
o Click on Find Next to find
the text
...
To find another
word, change the word in the find what box
...

SPELLING AND GRAMMAR: You can check the spelling of the words in the document and
also check for possible grammar and style errors
...

Change: Changes the wrongly spelt words with words present in change to box
...
Ignore: Ignores the word that is not correct but which the user wants to keep as it is
...
g
...
Add: Stores a specified word

in the dictionary
...
CANCEL (or CLOSE):
Stops the spell checking
...
Frequently used words can be stored as Auto Text entries, like Yours
Sincerely, Yours Faithfully, and Thanking You, etc
...
e
...
To store an Auto Text entry, type the text and block it, then
select Insert Auto Text New
...
Type a shortcut name to the text blocked (for example, AT for paragraph on Auto
Text, YF for Yours faithfully) and click on OK
...
Automatically, the shortcut name
will be converted to the original text
...
To
delete the Auto Text entry, select Insert Auto Text\Auto Text, click on the Auto Text
shortcut name to be deleted and click on Delete
...

AUTO CORRECT: Auto Correct is used to get the text that is required immediately after
typing the shortcut name without having a need to press any other keys
...
Common mistakes and its corrections will be stored as
Auto Correct entries
...
g
...
For example, if we type gJU, it must be changed to GJU
...
Type the spelling of the word that
we generally type e
...
GJU in Replace box
...
Now onwards, if GJU is typed, it will automatically
convert to Guru Jambheshwar University
...

WORD COUNT: This feature of word allows you to count the number of pages, words,
characters, paragraphs, and lines in the document
...
, in the document, select Tools\Word Count
...

BREAKS: There are three types of breaks available in MS-Word
...
To insert any one of the above breaks, select Insert Break
...
Select the kind of break required and
clicks on OK
...
Manual page break can also be inserted by pressing
Ctrl+Enter
...
It allows the user to type the text in next column
by ending the current column
...
It is generally used to apply different type of formatting to different
types of the document
...
o Next Page: Inserts a sectionbreak and breaks the page so that the next section starts at the beginning of next page
...
If the section break is included in an even numbered page, the next page (odd
numbered page) will be blank
...
o Odd Page: Inserts a section-break
and starts the next section on the next odd numbered page
...
COLUMNS:
Columns are used to type the text in different columns
...
Typing the
text by defining the columns To type the text inside the columns by defining the columns,
1
...

2
...
Select Format Columns
...
o Specify the number of columns required (two, three etc
...
If a line is needed between the
paragraphs, select the check box Line Between
...
If you need to have columns with different widths, change the width and spacing
between the columns after de-selecting Equal Column Width and click on OK
...
When you have finished typing in the first column and want to go to
the next column, Insert\Break\Column Break
...
o At the
end of the last column, select Insert\Break\Continuous
...

TABLES: A table is any information grouped together, arranged in rows and columns
...
Each intersection of a row and
a column is a cell of the table
...
Any data, especially numbers, is more presentable and easier to type in the
tabulator form
...
The table feature of Word allows the user to create the table faster and also to type
the text easily
...
Insert Date and Time: o Date and Time is used to insert current date or time into
the document
...
o Different date and time formats will be
displayed
...
If the date or time inserted into the document must

be modified each time the file is opened, select the check box Insert as Field and click on
OK
...
Insert Symbol: Different symbols
from different fonts or special characters can be inserted into the document by selecting
Insert Symbol
...
To Insert a Special Character like Trade MardTM, Registered,
Copyright etc
...

Insert Picture: A number of pictures are available in MS Word that can be inserted into any
document
...
o Select Insert Picture Clipart
...
o Select Insert and click on Close
...
To add a Header or Footer to a document, select view Header and Footer
...
Any text can be typed inside the box directly
...
If any special information is to be inserted,
like-page number, date and time, file name etc
...
The icons in the toolbar and insert Auto Text, Page number, Number of
pages, Format Page Number, Insert Date, Insert Time, Page Setup, Show/Hide Document
Text, Same as Previous, Switch between Header and Footer, Show Previous, Show Next and
Close
...
in header or footer, select from the
Insert AutoText list
...
can also be inserted into the file by
clicking on appropriate icon in the header and Footer toolbar
...
e
...
To change the alignment, press Tab
key
...
To type the footer text, click on Switch
between header and footer icon from the toolbar
...
Header/Footer cannot be seen in the normal view of the document
...

FOOTNOTES AND END NOTES: Footnote and Endnote is the reference note written at the
end of the same page or at the end of the document
...
To type the footnote or
endnote text, place the insertion point at the position, where the note mark has to appear
and select Insert\Footnote
...
Select whether Footnote
or Endnote has to be written and the style of numbering
...
Select Symbol and select the desired symbol by selecting
appropriate font
...
If Footnote is
selected the insertion point will appear at the bottom of the page by displaying the footnote
number or symbol where the footnote text can be typed
...
) To return to the text click outside the footnote
area
...
Word has six different views
...
These different views (except
Print Preview) can be selected from View Menu
...

It is an all-purpose view for typing, editing and formatting the text
...
To return to Normal View from any other view, select View Normal
...
Page breaks are shown as dotted lines
...
Online Layout View optimizes the layout to make
online reading easier
...
It will not display
the text the way in which it is actually printed
...
By clicking on outline topic of the document, the cursor can be
moved to that part of the document
...
To switch to Online Layout view, select View Online Layout
...
This
view is useful for editing headers and footers, for adjusting margins and working with
columns, drawing objects, inserting pictures etc
...
To return to page layout
View, Select View Page Layout
...
One or more page
will be displayed
...
To return to Print Preview, select File Print Preview To return to document
from Print Preview, select close from the tool bar displayed at the top of print preview
window
...
In the outline view, there is a provision to collapse the document
to see only the main headings or the document can be expanded to see the entire
document
...
Master Document view makes it
easier to organize and maintain a long document, such as a book with chapters
...
After this, an

index, table of contents or cross-reference can be included without opening each of the
individual documents
...


COMPUTER APPLICATION (WORKING WITH TEXT)
Page Composition, the method of assembling a document by combining text, graphics, and
images using a computer and specialized software
...

Each element is then transferred into a page-makeup programme, which enables the user
to lay out text and graphics on the screen
...

The finished document may be intended for printing or for electronic distribution
...
In this lesson we shall discus about the various aspects of working with text
...


WORKING WITH TEXT - AN INTRODUCTION:
Today, many people are not writing anymore
...
In fact, in the newspaper business, reporters feed their news stories
directly in to their laptop computers while in the field
...
News editors
in the office go through the stories, select an assign stories online through a networked
system
...
These stories then reach the page make-up
personnel, who add photos and other graphic material, prepare layout for the stories and
the entire pages
...

All these have been possible because of many advancements in the ITenabled facilities,
specifically in the text-related software packages
...
Desk top publishing and electronic publishing have
revolutionized the publishing world
...

This saying, while true in many cases, does not diminish the importance of words
...

And words, when used well, open doors to a world of information and knowledge
...
Words are doorways to the
world of creativity
...


Computers,

particularly text-related software packages, play an important role as these not only help
us compose text, these also help us present the text in more attractive and appealing
manner
...


These include:
o WORD PROCESSING PROGRAMMES Word


Word Perfect



Notepad



WordPad



TextEdit

o DESKTOP PUBLISHING PROGRAMMES


Microsoft Publisher



Pagemaker Programmes (PM 5
...
5, and PM 7
...
The term covers a large variation of uses within
the business environment, and can be categorized by using a small, medium and large
matrix:
• The small business market generally consists of home accounting software, and office
suites such as Microsoft Office and OpenOffice
...

• The medium size, or SME, has a broader range of software applications, ranging from
accounting, groupware, customer relationship management, human resources software,
outsourcing relationship management, loan origination software, shopping cart software,
field service software, and other productivity enhancing applications
...
These applications are extensive in scope,
and often come with modules that either add native functions, or incorporate the
functionality of thirdparty software programs
...
A very popular BI tool that has
arisen in the last few years
...


•

Reporting software generates aggregated views of data to keep the management
informed about the state of their business
...
There are a variety of data mining techniques that reveal
different types of patterns
...


•

Business performance management (BPM)
...
You'd be hard pressed to find an
industry that does not heavily rely on technology initiatives to help run the operational
and/or strategic aspects of the business
...

Imagine a business environment without a website, electronic cash registers, customer
databases, human resource systems, electronic payroll systems (including direct deposit)
and other important areas an organization needs to run
...
In addition to the day to day business needs, here are a few other
ways for achieving them its better to use information technology for developing industries
applications
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
Integrating the latest and greatest technology is useless unless it can be used to improve
the business' processes and transactions and offer a viable advantage
...

1
...

Computer information systems offer a high level of efficiency and organization
...
The speed at which transactions can be completed are
highly desired because machines can essentially take over the mundane aspects of running
a business
...
This
frees employees up to focus on other important tasks that must be handled by the human
brain
...
STRATEGIC PLANNING/DETECT TRENDS
Collecting data is an advantage because any data collected can be turned in to useful
information to help in strategic planning and to predict trends
...
Without it, this information
would be pretty difficult, if not impossible to attain
...

3
...
Again, this is an area where using technology for the sake of
technology is useless
...

No one likes to feel like a number, but technology initiatives make it possible for even the
largest of businesses to offer thousands of customers individualized attention and
personalization
...
It has gotten to the point that the role of information
technology is so vital that other areas of operations have emerged in order to protect these

valuable electronic assets
...
Many
career opportunities are evolving for this field
...

The role of information technology in industry has become a centralized role because there
are little, if any, areas of a company that does not use some sort of information system
...
Businesses today can't afford to do without it else they'll likely lose a strong
position in their respective markets

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