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Title: Light
Description: Light, physics notes for class 10, CBSE. Talks about reflection and refraction of light in mirrors and lenses respectively.
Description: Light, physics notes for class 10, CBSE. Talks about reflection and refraction of light in mirrors and lenses respectively.
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LIGHT
v REFLECTION OF LIGHT:
- A highly polished surface like a mirror reflects most of the light
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b) The incident ray, the normal ray to the mirror at the point of
incidence and reflected ray all lie in the same plane
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b) Size of image is equal to the size of object
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d) Image is laterally inverted
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- Convex-‐ reflecting surface curved outwards
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- Pole-‐ the centre of the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror
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b) Lies outside the mirror
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d) Behind the convex mirror
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- Principal axis-‐ straight line passing through the pole and the centre of
curvature
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- Aperture-‐ the diameter of the reflecting surface of spherical mirrors
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The point is called the principal focus of a
concave mirror
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The point is called the principal
focus of a convex mirror
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A ray parallel to the principal axis wil pass through the focus after
reflection
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A ray passing through the focus will be parallel after reflection
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A ray passing through the centre of curvature will go undeviated after
reflection
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A ray of incedence coming obliquely at the principal axis is reflected
obliquely
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Shaving mirrors so a larger image of the face can be seen
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Large concave mirrors are used to concentrate light to produce
heat in solar furnaces
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A ray parallel to the principal axis appears to diverge after reflection
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A ray appearing to pass through the princiapal focus appears to be
parallel after reflection
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A ray that apears to pass through the centre of curvature appears to be
undeviated after reflection
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A ray of incedence coming obliquely at the principal axis is reflected
obliquely
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They are preffered because they
always give an erect and diminished image
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c) They will allow the driver to view a much larger area
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The pole is taken as the origin and the principal axis is taken as the x-‐axis
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b) All distance parallel to the principal axis are measured from the
pole
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d) Distance perpendicualr and above the origin are positive
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•
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MIRROR FORMULA:
1/u + 1/v =1/f
u is the distance of the object from the pole
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•
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MAGNIFICATION:
The ratio of the height of the image to the height of the object
...
v REFRACTION OF LIGHT:
- Light does not travel in the same direction in all media
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This is known as
refraction of light
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- When a ray enters from a rarer medium to a denser medium the light ray
bends towards the normal
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- The emergent ray is parallel to the direction of the incident ray
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- Laws of refraction:
a) The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal to the interface
of two transparent media at the point of incidence, all lie on the
same plane
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Also known as snell’s law
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- It is a physical quantity
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- Speed of light in medium 1 as v1 and speed of light in medium 2 as v2
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- Absolute refractive index is when the denominator is vaccum
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- Concave lens-‐ diverging and thicker at the ends
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- Optical centre:
a) The centre point of the lens
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- Principal focus of the convex lens: when the rays parallel to the principal
axis refract and and converge at a point on the principal axis
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- CONVEX LENS:
1
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2
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3
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4
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5
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1
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3
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5
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A ray appearing to the focus will go parallel after refraction
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Focal length is negative
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- The lens formula is 1/u+1/v=1/f
- In lenses, the maginification formula is v/u
• POWER OF A LENS:
- The degree of convergence and divergence of light rays achieved by a lens
is expressed in terms of it’s power
...
- 1D=1m-‐1
- 1 dioptre is the power of the lens whose focal length is 1m
...
Title: Light
Description: Light, physics notes for class 10, CBSE. Talks about reflection and refraction of light in mirrors and lenses respectively.
Description: Light, physics notes for class 10, CBSE. Talks about reflection and refraction of light in mirrors and lenses respectively.