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Biology 101 Section 1
The Scientific Study of Life Biology = the study of living things and their interactions
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Organization in
Nature (Life’s Levels of Biological Organization)
1
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DNA separates living from non-living things
3
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Levels follow this series: ​Molecular Cellular Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organisms
Populations Communities Ecosystems (Biosphere​) *This order represents life’s hierarchy of
complexity, from least to most The Scientific Method The Scientific Method is an investigative
process that seeks to discover rational explanations for the natural world
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Steps: 1) Make Observations about the natural world: objective, quantitative, many forms using
all senses
2) Ask Questions about those observations
3) Develop Hypotheses: tentative, logical explanations that attempt to answer the questions
4) Make Predictions: deductive reasoning to predict the results if hypothesis is correct,
“If…
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and record observations
6) Revision: either accept present hypothesis in current form and form a conclusion or revise it
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Must be falsifiable (not the same thing as false) Must be evidential based Does not deal with
absolute truths (it is not treated as dogma) What is a Theory?
A hypothesis that has survived rigorous testing, is widely accepted, has a broad scope,
depends upon measurable facts, and is supported by a large body of empirical evidence
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Theory of Evolution What is a Law?​ A widely accepted principle that makes predictions
but has no explanatory power
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Laws of Thermodynamics Evolution, Unity and Diversity
Some features of living organisms are determined by ENVIRONMENT
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Life is very diverse = >2 million species
Ex
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Each Monet
painting is unique in its subject and effect, in other words, there is a tremendous diversity in his
paintings
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In Monet’s work, there is unity in the midst of
diversity
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Order 2
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Growth and Development 4
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Responsiveness 6
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All life is evolving
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M
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Beagle as a naturalist 1859 published
“On the Origin of Species” proposed a mechanism for evolution - Evolution vs
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(compare to artificial) 2) Adaptation = share a common
ancestor, that is species arise as the result of descent with modification
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One has variation within a population
2
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There is overproduction of offspring
4
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Subsequent struggle to survive
6
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Small changes over geologic time What is a species? Biological Species Definition!!! A
population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed and
produce fertile offspring
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