Search for notes by fellow students, in your own course and all over the country.
Browse our notes for titles which look like what you need, you can preview any of the notes via a sample of the contents. After you're happy these are the notes you're after simply pop them into your shopping cart.
Title: Energy
Description: These notes are for the high school student in AP Biology.
Description: These notes are for the high school student in AP Biology.
Document Preview
Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above
Energy
INTRODUCTION
•
•
Metabolism: totality of organism’s
chemical reactions from
interactions between molecules
Catabolic and anabolic pathways
change metabolism
o Catabolic pathway: pathway
that releases energy by
breaking down complex
molecules
o Anabolic pathway: pathway
that consumes energy to
build complicated molecules
from simpler ones
o Bioenergetics is the study of
how energy flows through
living organisms and applied
by catabolic and anabolic
pathways
•
EQUILIBRIUM
•
•
ENERGY
•
•
•
Energy is the capacity to cause
change and can be used to do work
o Kinetic energy: energy
related w/ relative motion of
objects
o Heat: thermal kinetic energy
associated w/ random
movement of atoms or
molecules
o Potential energy: energy
that matter possesses b/c of
its location of structure
o Potential chemical energy:
potential energy available
for release in chemical
reaction
Potential chemical energy is
converted to kinetic chemical
energy in the body from food to
movement
Thermodynamics: study of energy
transformations in collection of
matter
o The 1st Law of
Thermodynamics states that
the energy in the universe is
constant; therefore, it
cannot be
created/destroyed but only
transformed
o The 2nd Law of
Thermodynamics states that
every energy transfer or
transformation increases
the entropy of the universe
o Entropy: measure of
disorder
Free energy: portion of system’s
energy that can perform work and
temperature and pressure are
uniformed throughout the system
•
•
•
Equilibrium describes a state of
maximum stability
Spontaneous reactions and
nonspontaneous reactions are
chemical reactions that assist in
achieving equilibrium
o Spontaneous reaction:
releases free energy from
system and makes it more
stable
o Nonspontaneous reaction:
increases total energy of
system and makes it less
stable
Exergonic/exothermic and
endergonic/endothermic reactions
are similar to spontaneous and
nonspontaneous reactions
o Exergonic/exothermic
reaction: net release of free
energy, DG is negative and
is spontaneous
o Endergonic/endothermic
reaction: absorbs free
energy; DG is positive and is
nonspontaneous
However, living cells are never at
equilibrium because there is a
constant flow of material in/out of
the cell
Metabolic disequilibrium is still
important because a cell stops all
cellular work when it reaches
metabolic disequilibrium
Title: Energy
Description: These notes are for the high school student in AP Biology.
Description: These notes are for the high school student in AP Biology.