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Biology 1551 Lab
Introduction to Human Anatomy
Updated: Fall 2017
Language of Anatomy = Anatomical Position
The stance in which a body is erect, arms at sides with
palms facing forward and feet flat facing forward
• Important to allow standard frame of reference to
describe position
• Remember, since Subject is facing you, their left is on
your right
• Forearm in SUPINE (palms forward, lying face up)
vs
...
Parasagittal
Frontal (Coronal)= divides body into
anterior & posterior portions
Transverse (Horizontal)= divides
body into superior & inferior parts
Fig
...
Dorsal Body Cavity:
Cranial Cavity
Vertebral Canal
2
...
5,
text
Fig
...
5, Textbook
Ventral Body Cavities:
1
...
Abdominopelvic Cavity
--Digestive Organs
--Urinary /Reproductive Organs
*The cavities are lined with specialized
membranes that protect and provide support
for internal organs
Organization of the Skeleton
There are 206 bones in the Adult Skeleton*
*Note: Bones continue to change after birth, so # varies
The Skeleton is divided into two sections:
•
Axial Skeleton - bones of skull, spine (vertebral column), and
thoracic cage
•
Appendicular Skeleton - bones of the limbs and those that
anchor the limbs to the axial skeleton
• Pectoral Girdle
• Pelvic Girdle
Fig
...
1, Textbook
Tan = Axial Skeleton
Green = Appendicular
Surface Features of Bones
• In the next few labs we will learn the bones of the
skeleton
• In addition, there are many grooves and ridges on
the surface of bones (“Bone Markings”) that are
important sites for
– Tendon or Ligament attachment
– Bone Articulation sites
– Blood Vessel and Nerves to pass
Bone markings; Fig
...
2 Textbook
Surface Features of Bone:
• Projections
– Process: Any bony prominence
– Spine: sharp, pointed process
– Condyle: rounded knuckle-like
process
• Epicondyle*: small bump superior to
condyle
• Depressions
– Fossa: shallow depression
– Alveolus: socket
– Notch: indentation on edge
– Tuberosity: low, rough process for• Openings
muscle attachment
– Foramen: hole (for nerves & BV)
– Tubercle: small, knoblike process
– Fissure: Narrow slit
– Trochanter: very large process
– Meatus: opening to tunnel
– Crest: ridge
– Canal: tunnel
– Linea (Line): slightly raised ridge
– Sinus: air-filled cavity
– Facet: flat surface of articulation
– Head: enlarged end of bone