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Title: Proteins-Crucial Components of All Body Tissues
Description: Detailed 2nd Year notes concerning proteins, amino acids, their types, classifications , structure, and function.
Description: Detailed 2nd Year notes concerning proteins, amino acids, their types, classifications , structure, and function.
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TOPIC 6:
PROTEINS: CRUCIAL
COMPONENTS OF
ALL BODY TISSUES
What Are Proteins?
■
–
–
–
Proteins: large, complex molecules found in tissues of all living things
Dictated by genetic material (DNA)
Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Made from 20 different amino acids
How proteins differ from starch
Amino Acids
■ Nine essential amino acids
– Cannot be produced by the body in
sufficient quantities to meet
physiological needs
– Must be obtained from food
■ Nonessential amino acids
– Can be synthesized by the body in
sufficient quantities
– do not need to be consumed regularly
in our diet
The Body Can Make Nonessential AA
■ Transamination
– Our bodies can make nonessential amino acids by transferring the amine group
from an essential amino acid to a different acid group and side chain (R group)
...
The Body Can Make Nonessential
Amino Acids
■ Conditionally essential amino acid
– Nonessential amino acid becomes essential under certain circumstances
...
-
Someone with PKU cannot metabolize phenylalanine (an essential amino acid)
...
-
If PKU is not diagnosed immediately after birth, it results in irreversible brain
damage
...
How Are Proteins Made?
■ Proteins are long chains of amino acids
■ Peptide bonds join amino acids together forming dipeptides, tripeptides,
oligopeptides, and polypeptides
■ As a polypeptide chain grows longer, it begins to fold into any of a variety of complex
shapes that give proteins their sophisticated structure
...
-
DNA: is a complex compound made up of molecules called nucleotides,
each of which consists of a deoxyribose sugar and phosphate backbone
and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C),
or thymine (T)
...
How Are Proteins Made? (cont
...
■ Translation: The process that occurs when the genetic information carried by
messenger RNA is translated into a chain of amino acids at the ribosome
Protein turnover
■ Protein turnover : involves the synthesis of new proteins and the breakdown of
existing proteins to provide building blocks for new proteins
...
– Urea is produced as a waste product from any excess nitrogen, which is then
excreted by the kidneys
...
In contrast, the proteins that form red blood cells are globular in shape
Title: Proteins-Crucial Components of All Body Tissues
Description: Detailed 2nd Year notes concerning proteins, amino acids, their types, classifications , structure, and function.
Description: Detailed 2nd Year notes concerning proteins, amino acids, their types, classifications , structure, and function.