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Hormones are a communication system for your cells
Only cells with right receptors for specific hormone will respond
Hormone secreting cells secretes hormones which travel through bloodstream and when
it hits the target cell it connects with the receptor and the target cell reacts
Some stay local
o Paracrine
§ Either affects cell nearby or
§ the cell that secreted it (negative feedback)
• Not a target cell (no receptors)
• Autocrine
§ Doesn’t go through bloodstream
Endocrine releases into fluid
Exocrine releases into space (lumen) through a duct (tube)
You can have endocrine cells or glands (group of cells)
o Glands can produce different kinds of hormones
o Chemicals released directly into extracellular fluid
Exocrine secretes into empty space or external environment via ducts
How does this relate to evolution??
o As we become more complex we need to be able to communicate throughout the
body
o Highly conserved hormones are found in a huge range of taxonomic groups
§ Same hormone but does all these different things in different organisms
because it’s the same receptors but on different types of cells
Flight or fight
o Brain detects danger and signals legs muscles to jump back and signals adrenal
gland to release epinephrine into the blood → heart beats faster and stronger
and BP rises → fat cells release fatty acids for energy → blood vessels constrict
to stomach and shunt blood to the muscles → liver breaks down glycogen to
produce glucose energy to blood