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Hormone

Source of
Productio
n/Release

Controlled By

ThyroidAdenohypo
Stimulating
physis
Hormone (TSH) (thyrotroph
cells)

Function

Other

1
...

Thyrotrop
in-Inhibiting
Hormone (TIH)*
- Antagonistic
Adrenocorticot
ropic Hormone
(ACTH)

Adenohypo
physis
(corticotrop
h cells)

MelaninStimulating
Hormone
(MSH)

Adenohypo
physis
(corticotrop
h cells)

FollicleAdenohypo
Stimulating
physis
Hormone (FSH) (gonadotro
ph cells)

1
...
Corticotro
pinInhibiting
Hormone
(CIH)* Antagoni
stic
“
“

1
...
Impt in
pigmentation of
amphibians
Stimulates
development of
follicles /
estrogen

Inhibin from
sustentacular
cells in males

Hormone production
(GnRH)* (sperm dev in
males)
Permissiv
e
2
...
Gonadotr
opinReleasin
g
Hormone
(GnRH)*
Permissiv
e
2
...
&
rel of
testosterone in
male Leydig
cells)

Human Growth Adenohypo
Hormone (HgH) physis
(somatotro
ph cells)

1
...
Growth
Hormone
-Inhibiting
Hormone
(GHIH/So
matostati

Stimulate protein
synthesis/growth
in most body
cells

inhibits FSH
release

•

•

Direct
Mechan
ism:
during
sleep/p
ostabso
rptive
Indirect
Mechan
ism:
absorpti
ve
state,
liver
release
s

n*)* Antagoni
stic
*Somatostatin
also prod
...
ProlactinReleasin
g
Hormone
(PRH)* Permissiv
e
2
...
Inc
...

stimulate
s PIH
(pregnan
cy)

somato
medins,
or
InsulinLike
Growth
Factor)
Stimulate milk
production in
pregnant/lactatin
g women

Oxytocin helps
with milk
ejection by
aiding in
contraction of
myoepithelial
muscles in
breasts

Drop in blood
pressure/rise in
osmotic
pressure of
blood

Increases water
reabsorption in
renal tubules →
increases blood
vol → increases
BP

ADH &
aldosterone
work
synergistically

Positive
feedback
mechanisms

Stimulates
uterine
contraction
during childbirth,
assists in milk

ejection,
ejaculation
T3 & T4
(Thyroid
Hormones)

Follicle
cells of
thyroid
gland

TSH stimulation

Increase basal
metabolic rate

Calcitonin

C-cells of
thyroid
gland

High blood
calcium

Inhibit osteoclast
activity, increase
amt Ca excreted
from kidneys

Parathyroid
Chief cells
Hormone (PTH) of
parathyroid

2+

Low blood
calcium

Stimulates
osteoclast
activity, increase
Ca reabsorption
from kidney
tubules, increase
Ca absorption in
GI tract (by
increasing
Calcitriol
production in
kidneys)

PTH acts
antagonisticall
y to calcitonin

2+

2+

Aldosterone (a
mineralocortic
oid)

Zona
Glomerulos
a of
Adrenal
Cortex

ReninAngiotensin
System
(signaled by
drop in plasma
Na );
Angiotensin II
stimulates
aldosterone
prod
...
a
...

in adipocytes

Glucagon

Pancreas
(Alpha
cells)

Low blood
glucose

Stimulate
glycogenolysis/gl
uconeogenesis
(w/ release of
glucose from liver

Insulin and
glucagon work
antagonisticall
y

Erythropoietin
(EPO)

Kidneys

Low O

Stimulates RBC
production

LPO & TPO
also

Natriuretic
peptides (ANP,
BNP)

Heart/Brain Released from
heart in
response to
increased blood
vol

2

Inhibits renin
Antagonist to
release → lowers angiotensin II
angiotensin II,
aldosterone, ADH
→ lowers BP

Thymosin

Maturation of Tlymphocytes

Androgens
(Testosterone)

Leydig/inter LH stimulation
stitial cells
of testes

Works with FSH
to promote sperm
maturation; male
secondary sex
characteristics

Estrogens
(Estradiol)

Follicle
cells of
ovaries

FSH stimulation

Prepares
endometrium for
implantation;
female secondary
sex
characteristics

Progestins
(Progesterone)


Thymus

Corpus
luteum of
ovaries

pregnancy

Helps sustain
pregnancy



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