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Title: IV. Mutagenesis
Description: BIOCHEMISTRY (2nd year) This covers mutagenesis, broken into two parts Part A covers point mutation (spontaneous DNA damage, base mispairing, UV irradiation, chemical mutagens, alkylating agents) and Part B covers insertion or deletions related to MCB2021F This is a biochemistry course taught at UCT follows the textbook - Biochemistry, Garrett & Grisham
Description: BIOCHEMISTRY (2nd year) This covers mutagenesis, broken into two parts Part A covers point mutation (spontaneous DNA damage, base mispairing, UV irradiation, chemical mutagens, alkylating agents) and Part B covers insertion or deletions related to MCB2021F This is a biochemistry course taught at UCT follows the textbook - Biochemistry, Garrett & Grisham
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IV
...
As the integrity of DNA is vital to the survival of the cell and reproduction there needs to be
high fidelity replication (a good process) and repair mechanisms in place to correct any DNA
damage that may occur
...
Point Mutations
There are two main types of point mutations
Transitions: where a purine replaces another purine (A to G mutation) or a pyrimidine
replaces another pyrimidine (C to T mutation)
Transversions: where a purine replaces a pyrimidine (C to G mutation) or a pyrimidine
replaces a purine (A to C mutation)
1
...
Deamination
i
...
Of adenine to form hypoxyanthine which will base pair with cytosine
iii
...
Depurination
This is the loss of purine bases which results from the cleavage of the bond
between the purine base and deoxyribose
...
Base mispairing
An amino group (–NH2) which is a hydrogen bond donor is able to tautomerise to
an imino group (=NH) becoming a hydrogen bond acceptor
3
...
Chemical mutagen
These are agents that chemically modify bases therefore altering their base pairing
characteristics
Agents such as nitrosoamines are organic compounds which are found in tobacco
smoke, cured meats, fish, some cosmetics, dry non fat milk, gastric juice and beer
(there are others)
These cause mutations from C-G to A-T and A-T to G-C
5
...
Nitrosoamines are mutagenic
o
They are able to react to yield HNO2
o
They are able to act as alkylating agents
Alkylation occurs at reactive sites on bases, added either methyl or ethyl groups
...
Guanine pairs normally with cytosine, following treatment with an alkylating
agent (becoming O6-methylguanine) it is able to pair with thymine (sometimes)
B
...
and Grisham, C
...
(2010)
...
4th
...
886
Title: IV. Mutagenesis
Description: BIOCHEMISTRY (2nd year) This covers mutagenesis, broken into two parts Part A covers point mutation (spontaneous DNA damage, base mispairing, UV irradiation, chemical mutagens, alkylating agents) and Part B covers insertion or deletions related to MCB2021F This is a biochemistry course taught at UCT follows the textbook - Biochemistry, Garrett & Grisham
Description: BIOCHEMISTRY (2nd year) This covers mutagenesis, broken into two parts Part A covers point mutation (spontaneous DNA damage, base mispairing, UV irradiation, chemical mutagens, alkylating agents) and Part B covers insertion or deletions related to MCB2021F This is a biochemistry course taught at UCT follows the textbook - Biochemistry, Garrett & Grisham