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Female Reproductive System Histology
OVARIES
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oogenesis is stimulated by gonadotrophin from anterior pituitary gland
release oestrogen and progesterone
covered by tunica albuginea = thick connective tissue
tunica albuginea is covered by simple squamous mesothelium = germinal
epithelium
coiled arteries = helicrine arteries
oocytes are surrounded by epithelial cells and clumped together, form
follicles

OOCYTES
- primordial follicles are present at birth,
surrounded by single layer of ovarian follicular
epithelial cells/ granulosa cells, found round edge of
cortex
- primary follicles are surrounded by two layers of granulosa cells which
continue to hypertrophy and make more cells, zona pelluicda forms =
glycoprotein layer between oocyte and zona pellucida

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secondary follicles have more layers of granulosa cells = cumulus
oophorus and pockets of follicular fluid which will join together to form
an antrum, theca splits into 2 layers interna = round cells which secrete
fluid + externa = spindle shaped cells
graffian/ tertiary follicles = main cytoplasm + polar body, follicular
fluid forms one antrum surrounded by follicular cells = membrane
granulosa

UTERINE / FALLOPIAN TUBES
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4 parts – intramural, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum
infundibulum has fimbriae
ampulla is long, thin walled and has secondary & tertiary mucosa folds
isthmus is short, thick, with few mucosa folds
- all have a layer of smooth muscle = muscularis mucosa =
folded w/ outer longitudinal layer and inner circular layer and
where ova are fertilised
- all have inner mucosal lining and loose supporting
adventitia tissue = serosa
- mucosa is made up of lamina propria, basement
membrane and epithelial cells
3 types of epithelial cells – PEG CELLS = secretory and
have golgi, CILIATED = lots of glycogen and waft ova,
INTERCALATED = maybe secretory?

UTERUS
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endometrium + myometrium + perimetrium
endometrium = stratum functionalis (stratum compactum +
stratum spongialis) + stratum basalis
- during menses, spiral arterioles in stratum functionalis
contract, leading to ischaemia and degeneration, stratum basalis is
unaffected as it is supplied by straight arteries

VAGINA
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muscular tube – inner circular and outer longitudinal fibres
- lined with stratified squamous epithelium – lamina propria is
underneath this w/ elastic tissue
- outer adventitia merges with bladder anteriorly and rectum
posteriorly
- lubricated by cervical mucus from rich vascular network and
mucus glands in the labia minora



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