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Chimpanzees in Medicine: The
Research Effect

By:

GLL 122 QA
College Writing II
Dr
...
Probably because of this close relationship to the human race,
chimpanzees have gone through many hardships as science has progressed in order
to produce medicinal advances for humans
...
In numerous instances,
experiments done on chimpanzees did not follow the same results as in humans
...


Looking into their historical treatment, chimpanzees were subjected to many
dangerous procedures
...
In other places such New
Guinea, existed a neurological disease in the Fore people known as Kuru
...
Wanting to
understand the process and try to find a cure, Dr
...
At the laboratory, they conducted the
experiment on a chimpanzee called George, “drilled a hole in his skull and injected a
solution of pureed brain from the Fore boys directly into George’s cerebellum”
(www
...
org)
...
The major cause of this situation was when
the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) hit the human population at the
time It is well known that chimpanzees do not develop AIDS, there is only one
pathogenic strain that takes up to ten years to develop to AIDS-like symptoms
...
(Conlee and
Boysen 121)
...


The amounts of torture that chimpanzees have gone through does not go
unnoticed
...
This can be compared to the interior of an elevator”
(Conlee and Boysen 125)
...
As social
primates, leaving chimpanzees in these conditions lead to many unnatural psychotic
behaviors such as physical wounding, hair plucking, and rocking
...
Aside from the need to be
social, chimpanzees have very intimate mother-child bonds in the wild
...


Born into a life of captivity, baby chimpanzees undergo many different types
of physically and emotionally damaging procedures
...
Their
existence on a daily basis is full of fear of confinement, boredom, and stress
...
Knockdowns as they are called, are procedures when scientists
approach the primate and shoot him/her with a dart gun full of anesthetics
...
releasechimps
...
Psychologists showed that the longtime suffering
experienced by chimpanzees leads to lifelong trauma
...
For the allotted amount of time that chimpanzees were used in
research, there still hasn’t been a breakthrough remedy for the AIDS epidemic
...

Sources have previously stated, “that chimpanzees are 98–99% genetically identical
to humans — a figure that was initially derived 40 years ago”
(www
...
org)
...
releasechimps
...


Going into detail about the diversity of gene expressions between humans and
chimpanzees, the excerpt from “Lessons from Chimpanzee-based Research on
Human Disease: The Implications of Genetic Differences” by Jarrod Bailey explains:

“
...
In the cerebral cortex, at least 169 genes are
expressed differently — many of which are involved in neuroprotection
and synaptic transport — and 916 genes are expressed at least two-fold
differently in the cerebellum” (Bailey 527)
...
Not only are these genetic differences found in the
brain, but in the rest of the body as well
...


Other methods are being used in medical testing and experimenting instead
of using chimpanzees
...
Another technique is called microdosing, which involves human
volunteers being given a drug dose too small to cause an unfavorable effect on the
subject
...
Other systems
include computer modeling, painless stem cell research, and virtual tissue
...
Many countries have
changed their policies to discontinue use or have banned in using great apes for
medical research altogether
...


As I have discussed, there are many ways in which the Pan troglodyte, more
commonly known as the chimpanzee has suffered
...
Since their genetic makeup is so close to
humans, there are still so many differences throughout the genes of so many organs
within their bodies that those small alterations sway our path of reaching true
solutions with these primates
...


Works Cited

Altevogt, Bruce M
...
” Washington, D
...
: National Academies, 2011
...

Bailey, Jarrod
...
" Alternatives to Laboratory Animals
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527-540
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“Chimpanzees in Research Strategies for Their Ethical Care, Management, and Use
...
C
...
Print
...
, and Sarah T
...
"Chimpanzees In Research: Past, Present,
and Future
...
Web
...
“The Beginning of the End for Chimpanzee Experiments?”
Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine : PEHM 3 (2008): 16
...

Gajdusek, D
...
J Gibbs, and M
...
"Experimental Transmission of a Kuru-like
Syndrome to Chimpanzees
...
Feb 19: pp
...
Project R&R
...

Watts, Geoff
...
BMJ: British Medical Journal 334
...
182–184
...




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