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Nanoclay Fillers

Mechanical Properties
Toyota Central Research Laboratories in Japan reported work on a Nylon-6 nanocomposite
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They also find out that at low filler loadings, , polymers reinforced with
clay minerals have similar mechanical properties to polymer nanocomposites
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Studies and modelings using continuum mechanics
reveal that the enhanced properties of nanocomposites are strongly dependent on the particular
features of nanofiller system, in particular, its content, aspect ratio and the ratio of filler
mechanical properties to those of the matrix
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The value added properties
enhanced without the sacrificing of pure polymer processability, mechanical properties and
light weight, make the clays more and more important in modern polymer industry
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[1]–[6]

Carbon Nanotubes
Nanofillers can be classified according to their morphology, such as particles that are (i)
spherical (e
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, silica) (ii) acicular (e
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, whiskers, carbon nanotubes) or (iii) layered (e
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, clays)
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Various inorganic nanomaterials were
used as nanofillers such as graphene oxide, zinc oxide, carbon nanotubes, graphite, cuppor
oxide, aluminum oxide, tin oxide, cerium oxide, titanium oxide, silica nanoparticles, carbon
nanofibers, layered double hydroxide and nanoclays
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Polymer composites with the high aspect ratio of nano-fillers such
as carbon nanotubes, nanofibers and platelet clays are in focus because of their highly enhanced
properties and their unique multifunctional properties
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Carbon nanotubes have
disadvantage of being produced on a limited industrial scale at high prices
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Not only can the nanoparticles themselves explain the observed effects, the impact
of the interface between the matrix and particle also plays a very important role
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g
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) that modifies the
overall material behaviour
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A morphological feature of great
importance related to the structure–property association of nanocomposites is surface area of
the fillers in either form (particles, fibrous or layers)
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The copious applications of these
materials are principally due to nano size and huge surface area of the nano-fillers, the strong
interfacial contact linking the nano-filler and the polymer
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Nanoscale fillers are different from bulk materials and conventional micron-size fillers due to
their small size and corresponding increase in surface area
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The resulting polymer–layered silicates hybrids possess
unique properties typically not shared by their more conventional microscopic counterparts
which are attributed to their nanometer size features and the extraordinarily high surface area
of the dispersed clay
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Better dispersed
nanoclay may promote higher tensile strength due to an increase contact surface area and
interaction between the platelets and the polymer
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[3],
[4], [8], [13]–[15]

Mechanical
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However by the application
of conventional fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate, fibers, etc, it often requires to use a large
amount of filler in the polymer matrix to have significant improvements in the composite
properties which may result to some other undesired properties such as brittleness or loss of
opacity
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By adding nanoclay, the electrical and

thermal conductivity can be greatly enhanced
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[5], [8], [16]
Particle size
In general the clay structure and the particle size of clay had an obvious effect on the composite
mechanical and thermal properties
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In conventional polymer composites, the micron- sized fillers, for example,
kaolin with particle size up to a few microns, are immiscible with polymer matrix, leading to a
coarsely blended composite with chemically distinct phases
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The effect of nanofillers on the polymer properties is different
from that of predicted by using the thermodynamical studies for the reduced particle size fillers
[2], [4]–[6], [16]

[1]

S
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L
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L
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L
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Lines, and H
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Greenwell,
“Understanding the Swelling Behavior of Modified Nanoclay Filler Particles in Water and
Ethanol,” J
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Chem
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119, no
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12625–12642, Jun
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[2]

G
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Ko, “Overview on in Polymer-Nano Clay Composite Paper Coating for Packaging
Application,” J
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Sci
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, vol
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01, pp
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[3]

F
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Hojjati, M
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E
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Compos
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, vol
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17, pp
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2006
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A
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Bakry, “a Review of Nano-Fillers Effects on Industrial Polymers and
Their Characteristics,” J
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Sci
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39, no
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377–403, 2011
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Olad, “Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites,” in Advances in Diverse Industrial Applications of
Nanocomposites, InTech, 2011
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N
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Anuar, Nanoclay Reinforced Polymer Composites
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[7]

P
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Pollet, and L
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Polym
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, vol
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2, pp
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[8]

A
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Asiri, “Nanocomposites and Importance of Nanofiller in Nanocomposites,” vol
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January, 2016
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C
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C
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D
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Melo, and C
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Paskocimas, “Thermal and chemical treatments of
montmorillonite clay,” Ceram
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, vol
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5, pp
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2013
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Müller et al
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7, no
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74, Mar
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[11]

P
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C
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G
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Wypych, “Nanocomposites: synthesis, structure,
properties and new application opportunities,” Mater
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, vol
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1, pp
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2009
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Haldorai, J
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Shim, and K
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Lim, “Synthesis of polymer–inorganic filler nanocomposites in
supercritical CO2,” J
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Fluids, vol
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45–63, Nov
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[13]

Q
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Nguyen and D
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Baird, “An improved technique for exfoliating and dispersing nanoclay
particles into polymer matrices using supercritical carbon dioxide,” Polymer (Guildf)
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48,
no
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6923–6933, Nov
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[14]

S
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D
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Polym
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, vol
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12, pp
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[15]

A
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Osman, A
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Kalo, O
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Dahham, M
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Abdullah, “In vitro mechanical
properties of metallocene linear low density polyethylene ( mLLDPE ) nanocomposites
incorporating montmorillonite,” vol
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24–28, 2015
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K
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Raghunatha Reddy, A
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P
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Degrad
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, vol
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2, pp
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Note
This excerpts are taken by me for my research purposes
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Yours sincerely

-AH-



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