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Crowdsensing and smartphone in relation to queue theory

1
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Involves the mathematical study of queues or waiting lines
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Waiting lines are the phenomena that occur whenever the current demand for a service
exceeds the current capacity to provide that service
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A queuing model-based algorithm from the birth-and-death mechanism to solve the
coverage problem in mobile crowd sensing
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2
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Traditional solutions to the line wait-time monitoring are based on infrastructure-based
solutions such as camera placement, sensor deployment or monitoring signals that
are generated through bluetooth or Wi-Fi capable devices
b
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c
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Charge stations directly collect and send the charge station
information using existing sensors or devices
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ecisions can be made based on minimizing the
travel time of drivers, the cost of EV charge, or the operation cost of the overall system
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g
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d
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Tracking systems available for
pedestrian detection are capable of sampling not only positions and speeds but also
poses and interactions
e
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Crowdsensing
a
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A webservice that provides real-time monitoring and estimation of line wait-time would
help make informed choices and improve the quality of lives
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Sensors moving into the target area and collecting the required data
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d
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Compared to the conventional sensors, crowd sensing covers a larger area, collects various
types of data and does not require installations of sensors
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4
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Wait-time detection using smartphones requires use of costly location sensors to
understand the presence of the user at the coffee shop
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Additional sensors are required such as accelerometer to recognize the activity such
as users waiting in line
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Automated wait-time detection component is returning dozens of readings daily, these
readings are still too sparse and non-uniform to provide accurate answers to real-time
queries about line wait-time
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Have to estimate estimate the current and future waittime using the sparse and nonuniform previous history of the collected data
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User mobilty: people don’t want to be monitored
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Power limitation: battery power consumption
g
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Any network failure may
affect sensing
h
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i
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This can lead to a wrong coverage result
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Energy comsumption and and privacy issue
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Crowdsensing brings greatly improved analysis and recognition abilities, however, at the
same time, slowing down the running speed, as these methods usually require a lot of
computation

5
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Utilize the activity recognition techniques using the accelerometer sensor on the
smartphones
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Scanning the Wireless Access Points (WAP) around the user
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For coffee shop, majority of the customers pick their orders to-go, and therefore after
appropriately filtering out the outliers, the waiting time can be obtained
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The app detects users presence at shop
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The app can detech customers who are leaving and new customers coming
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LineKing app uses dynamic location sensing based on the user’s distance from the shop
to achieve energy-efficiency
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Four factors that waste energy: static use of location sensing mechanism, absence of use
of other sensors, lack of cooperation among applications, and finally ignoring battery level
while sensing
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Usage of accelerometer for activity recognition to recognize different activities including
walking, jogging and standing
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Latest crowdsensing app
a
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b
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MoVi - smartphones to enable collaborative sensing using videos for recognizing socially
interesting events
d
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T-Share first searches the index for a set of candidate
taxis that are likely to satisfy a user’s query based on some temporal constraints
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Ear-Phone – noise mapping system
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f
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It analyzes the input images captured by sensors
and finding the defective products

References
[1]

A
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Obinikpo et al
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4662, no
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1–10, 2017
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F
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Member, and M
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1233, no
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1–14, 2014
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U
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, Wolfson, O
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A
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(2014)
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[4]

H
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Deng, J
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Li, and M
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3203, no
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[5] F
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Lozano, I
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De València, “Modeling , Evaluation , and
Scale on Artificial Pedestrians : A Literature Review,” vol
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5, 2017
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It may benefit for you all too
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Sincerely
-AHMAD-



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