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5/09/2018

Concurrent Engineering
Concurrent Engineering:
Is a strategy where all the tasks involved in product
development are done in parallel
...

• Customer research
• Designers
• Marketing
• Accounting
• Engineering

Concurrent Engineering
Suppliers

Commercial
Design Process

Competitors

Concurrent Engineering
Customers

R&D

Idea
Generation

Marketing

Product or Service concept
Feasibility
Study
Performance Specifications

Linear Process
Preliminary
Design

Form Design

Techniques:

Revising and testing
prototypes

Functional
Design

Production
Design

Design
Specifications

Manufacturing
Specifications

•Perceptual mapping
•Benchmarking
•Reverse Engineering

Pilot run and final
tests
Final Design
and process
plans

Product Launch

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Concurrent Engineering

Concurrent Engineering
Perceptual Mapping

Benchmarking
• Get the best product available
• Base performance specifications for new product
on it

Good
Taste
Coco Pops

Low
Nutrition

Cheerios
Rice Krispies

High
Nutrition

Shredded Wheat

Bad Taste

Reverse Engineering
• Dismantle and inspect competitors product(s)
• Select features to incorporate into new product

•Compares customers perception of available products
•Identifies gap in market

Concurrent Engineering

Concurrent Engineering

Demand for the proposed product?
Cost of developing and producing the product?
Does company have manufacturing capability?
Skilled personnel?

Form Design: Physical appearance of the product
Functional Design: Performance of the product
Production Design: How to manufacture product

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Concurrent Engineering

•Prototype produced
•Adjustments made
•Final specification agreed

Concurrent Engineering

Concurrent Engineering

•Manufacturing process commences
•Product is marketed to buying public

Concurrent Engineering
Why Concurrent Engineering?
•Pace of market change has increased
•Companies must keep pace with changing
markets

Traditional Process = Linear
Vs
Concurrent Engineering = Team collaboration

•Decisions made sooner rather than later
•Reduces/eliminates repetition of tasks
•Reduces waste and reworking of design
•Product quicker to market
•Maximises company profit
•Company operates more efficiently

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Concurrent Engineering
To make decisions concurrently:
• Team knows the design goals/objectives
• Team is aware of the interrelationships between
all aspects of the design process

Concurrent Engineering
Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
Collection of matrices that converts the needs of the
customer into technical specifications at all stages of
the design and manufacture process
...
Customer requirements
prioritised (scale or %)
2
...
Engineering characteristics
4
...
Relations between engineering
characteristics
6
...
Identify customer requirement and prioritise them
(scale or %)

3

4

1

2

6

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Concurrent Engineering

Concurrent Engineering

3

4

A

X

Durable

15

A

B

X

B

X

25

++

+

Durable

15

Attribute

A
X

Inexpensive

25

B

A

Makes a loud noise

10

+

Small

10

B

A

X

Inexpensive

25

--

Looks Good

15

B

X

A

Small

10

-

Looks Good

15

+

--

+

Concurrent Engineering

+

Durable

15

Makes a loud noise

10

+

Inexpensive

25

--

Small

10

-

Looks Good

15

Energy Efficiency

Energy Efficiency

++

Interpreting the matrix
Sensitivity to water level is likely to be very dependent on complexity
of circuit
Complexity of circuit

Complexity of circuit

25

Cost of Sensor

Weighting

Sensitive to water level

Material for casing

4
...

Legend:
Positive correlation +
Strong positive correlation ++
None
Negative correlation Strong Negative correlation - -

-

Weighting

Concurrent Engineering

++
+

Sensitive to water level

25

++

+

Durable

15

Makes a loud noise

10

+

Inexpensive

25

--

Small

10

-

Looks Good

15

Increasing the noise level could
reduce the energy efficiency

Attribute

Cost of Sensor

10

5

Material for casing

2

B

Cost of Sensor

Energy Efficiency

1
25

Material for casing

Sensitive to water level

Competitive
Assessment

Sensitive to water
level

Makes a loud noise

Complexity of circuit

Attribute

3
...
Compare product to competitors

Attribute
++
+
+
+

--

++
+

+

--

+

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Concurrent Engineering

Concurrent Engineering

++

+

-

5
...


Cost of Sensor

Energy Efficiency

25

Material for casing

Complexity of circuit

The choice of material will affect the
durability of the product

Weighting

A complex circuit and quality sensor could increase cost of product

Attribute
Sensitive to water level
Durable

15

Makes a loud noise

10

+

Inexpensive

25

--

Small

10

-

Looks Good

15

++
+

+

Increasing complexity
of circuit could
require a more costly
sensor

A good quality
sensor could
improve energy
efficiency

Complex circuit
(more parts) could
reduce energy
efficiency

--

+

Concurrent Engineering

Concurrent Engineering

6
...


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Concurrent Engineering
Design for Environmental Manufacturing:

Concurrent Engineering
Design for Environmental Packaging:

•Non-toxic processes & production materials

•Minimum of packaging materials

•Minimum energy utilization

•Reusable pallets and packaging

•Minimize emissions

•Recyclable packaging materials

•Minimize waste, scrap & by-products

•Bio-degradable packaging materials

Concurrent Engineering

Concurrent Engineering

Design for Disposal & Recycling:

Design for Disposal & Recycling:

•Re-use/refurbishment of components & assemblies

•Material identification to facilitate re-use

•Material selection to enable re-use (e
...
, thermoset
plastics vs
...
g
...

bonding)
•Avoid use of adhesives

•Minimum number of materials/colours to facilitate
separating materials and re-use

•Limit contaminants - additives, coatings, metal plating of
plastics, etc
...
g
...

Use:
•Low power consumption
•Serviceable items rather than replaceable e
...
disk drive, peripherals etc
...

•Identify materials used for recycling
•Minimise mixed materials to facilitate separation later

Concurrent Engineering
Role of Testing in Product Design
Possible tests:
•Product meets performance specifications
•Expected life of product
•Likely cause of failure

Accelerated testing

•Changes cannot be made easily
•Speeds up design and prototyping processes

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Concurrent Engineering

Concurrent Engineering

Performance test: Pond Alarm
Test

Procedure

Minimum
performance

Casing Seal

Submerge in water for
8 hours
Remove, Dry,
disassemble and
inspect

No evidence of water
ingress

Sensitivity of sensor

Submerge probes to
8mm in sample of pond
water
Retract

Alarm should trigger
before 8mm is reached
Alarm should reset
within 1 min

Battery life

Trigger alarm and
measure time until
battery depletes
...
g
...

Expected typical household use: three times a week for a wash
cycle that will last for 2 hours on average
...
Run the machine constantly for
3120 hours

Concurrent Engineering
Sample Paper: HL
Explain why accelerated testing is used on some products
...
What type of accelerated testing
will determine the lifetime of the washing machine?
Quantitative test – data is used to determine expected normal life
time of product

During testing, the washing machine ran for 3000 operating
hours before failing
...

2hrs/day x 3days/week = 6hrs/week
3000/6 = 566
...
67/52 = 10
...


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