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Primary Structure:

Amino acids are the monomer units

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain forms the primary structure
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This structure allows: hydrogen bonds to form between amino acids
along the chain / interactions between R groups along the chain
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Secondary Structure:

Condensation reaction
The reverse hydrolysis would break the
dipeptide into it’s amino acids
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The order in which one amino acid follows another in the polypeptide chain is unique to each
protein
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If this occurs in one polypeptide, the chain coils into an alpha helix
(a-helix)
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Tertiary Structure:
When a helices and b pleated sheets fold and coil;
into shape = held in place by strong covalent
bonds between different groups in the chain
(Disulfide bonds S-S/Cysteine) and weak bonds,
(hydrogen / Ionic interactions / Van Der Waals)

Weak bonds make it flexible (can change in response to changes in pH/temp)

Sample in test tube —> add equal volume of sodium hydroxide solution —> add dilute copper sulfate solution and mix gently —> purple
colour indicates peptide bonds
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Quaternary Structure:
When a protein consists of more than one
polypeptide chain like haemoglobin

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