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Classification: the organisation of living organisms into
groups
...
Members of the same genes and therefore resemble one another phys- short time
...
This helps them distinguish
capable of breeding to produce living, fertile offspring
...
If she responds with the appropriate behavother species
...
If she’s not, she
Naming Species = the Binomial System:
exhibits a different pattern of behaviour and males
same species is more alike than others = again can
At one time, scientists often gave organisms a name that recognise one another
...
Another way a species recognise
described their features (blackbird) but this resulted in
members is the chain of actions between male and
the species, courtship and mating are essential
...

Each
individual
has
adaptations
that
help
ensure
their
world for very different species
...
The females Grouping Species together—principles of classificaThe Swedish botanist Linnaeus devised the binomial sys- of most species only produce eggs at a certain time =
tion:
tem
...

called taxonomy
...
(acts like a surname)

Artificial classification= divides organisms according
Courtship behaviour helps to achieve this by enabling
to differences that are useful at the time
...
Only shape
...
(acts like a
members of the same species can produce fertile tics where they have the same function but don’t
first name)
offspring
...
Both butterflies and birds are both used for flying but origiof this system:
partners need to be sexually mature, fertile and nated in different ways
...

Phylogenetic classification=
are underlined to indicate they are scientific names
•
Form a pair bond
...

tween organisms and their ancestors
but the specific name is in lower case
•
Synchronise mating
...
For example: Felix sp
...

C: arranges the groups into a hierarchy in which the
The naming of organisms is always changing
...
By bringing a member of groups are contained within larger composite groups
classification that changes our knowledge of evolution/
opposite sex into a physiological state that allows with no overlap
...

breeding to occur
...
Taxonomy is the study of these groups and
their positions in a hierarchal order, where they are
known as taxonomic ranks
...


Bacteria:

Archaea:

A group of single-celled prokaryotes
with these features:

A group of single-celled prokaryotes A group of organisms made up of one
that were originally classified as bac- or more eukaryotic cells
...


Absence of membrane bound organelles

Their genes and protein synthesis are Cells posses membrane bound orgamore similar to eukaryotes
nelles

A domain is the highest taxonomic rank and three
are recognised: Bacteria, Archaea (group of prokaryUnicellular although cells may occur
otes) and Eukarya
...
Within each
Ribosomes are smaller (70S) than in
kingdom the largest groups are known as phyla
...


Kingdom

2
...


Class

4
...


Family

6
...


Species

Cell walls are present and made of
murein
...


Single loop of naked DNA made up of
nucleic acids but no histones

Phylogeny:
The hierarchal order of taxonomic ranks is based upon the supposed evolutionary line of descent of the group members
...
The phylogeny of an organism reflects the
evolutionary branch that led up to it
...




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