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HEREDITY AND EVOLUTION
 Genetics: Genetics is the branch of Biology which deals with
Heredity and Evolution
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 Variation: The differences in traits among the individuals of a
species are termed as variations
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 Traits: The characteristic features transferred from parents to
offspring's are called traits
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 Evolution: It refers to the process by which new types of living
organisms are developed from the pre-existing types by
accumulating genetic differences in geological time
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 Mutation: Mutation are the sudden heritable changes in the genes
which may cause variation in subsequent generations
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It is the most important
constituent of a chromosome
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 Gene: A Gene can be defined as the segment of DNA that codes
for the formation of protein which in turn controls a specific trait
of an organism
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 Genetic drift: The change in the frequency of certain genes in a
population over generations
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The age of fossils can be determined
by relative method and by the carbon dating method
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For Eg
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 Analogous organs: The organs having different basic structure but
similar appearance and functions are known as analogous organs
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Wings of a butterfly and wings of a bat are analogous
organs
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They are passed on to the next generation as they
cause variations in the genes
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 Sex chromosome: The chromosome which is associated with sex
determination is called sex chromosome
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X and Y
chromosomes
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It is a
combination of genes in an organism
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 Phenotype: It refers to the physical or external appearance of an
organism
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 Inheritance: It refers to the process by which the off springs
acquire the traits from their parents
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 Population: It refers to a group of individuals belonging to a single
species occupying a particular area at a given period of time
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 Fossilization: It refers to the process by which the fossils are
preserved
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 Father of Genetics: Georger Johann Mendel



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